嵌入式水文自动测报系统的研究与设计
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摘要
随着气候和环境的变化,近年我国各地水灾时有发生,造成水土资源流失与道路桥梁等公共设施损坏,甚至直接威胁到人们的生命安全。随着对环境保护和水资源开发利用的日益重视,有必要建立一套完善的水文自动测报系统和水文数据库,观测与收集各地、各流域的水文数据,分析水文数据变化规律,提高水文工作的质量,为防治水灾害提供科学的技术手段和决策依据。
水文自动测报系统由中心站、遥测站和通信链路组成。针对目前多数的水文自动测报系统存在智能化低、实时性及可靠性差等问题,本文设计了一种装备在遥测站的嵌入式遥测终端,并开发了一套运行在中心站上位机的水文监测管理软件,在此基础上借助GRPS(General Packet Radio Service)无线通信网络,构建一个嵌入式水文自动测报系统。系统中的水文遥测终端采用32位ARM(Advanced RISC Machines)微处理器和μCLinux嵌入式操作系统,该终端既能向中心站主动上报数据,又能响应中心站的数据请求,提高了水文自动测报系统的智能化程度和可靠性。本文的主要内容包括:
(1)介绍了课题背景和国内外水文自动测报技术的发展概况,分析了当前的水文自动测报系统存在的问题。对水文遥测终端设计、水文自动测报系统通信方式以及水位测量等相关技术进行了研究。
(2)分析了嵌入式水文自动测报系统的功能需求,并提出了系统的总体设计方案;制定了基于GPRS协议和PDU(Protocol Data Unit)编码的应用层数据通信协议,通过GPRS短消息实现遥测终端与中心站之间的数据传输。
(3)设计了水文遥测站的嵌入式遥测终端,将ARM微处理器S3C44B0X应用于该遥测终端的核心模块设计,将超声波测距技术应用于水位测量,给出了一种超声波收发电路;软件方面完成了Blob引导加载程序和μCLinux嵌入式操作系统的移植,设计了基于μCLinux多线程终端软件和水位采集设备驱动程序,实现多路水位数据采集。
(4)设计了中心站的水文监测管理软件和水文数据库简化模型,实现了中心站对远程多路水文数据的采集、接收、存储、分析以及短信自动预警等功能。搭建了一个系统测试环境,测试了水位数据测报功能,采用水文测验误差分析分析方法,估算了本系统超声波水位测量的误差。
With the changing of climate and environment, the floods occurred frequently in every region of our country in recent years, which resulted in severe losses of water and soil resources and damages of communal facilities such as roads and bridges, and even directly threatened the safety of people. With more and more attentions are being paid to the environment protecting and water resource developing and utilizing, it has the necessity to establish a detailed and integrated hydrological database and a hydrological information management system, to observe and collect the hydrological data of every region and drainage areas and analyze its changing rules, in order to promote the qualities of hydrological work and provide scientific technologies and warranties for preventing from drought and floods.
An Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting is consisted of Center Station, Remote Station and communication link. In allusion to the defects such as low intelligentization, poor real-time performance and reliability of the existing Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting, in this thesis an embedded Remote Measuring Terminal is researched and designed, which is equipped in the Remote Station, a Hydrological Monitoring Management Software is developed , which runs on the PC of Center Station, and on the foundations of them an Embedded Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting is constructed in the virtue of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) wireless communication network. The Remote Measuring Terminal in this system adopts the 32-bit ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) microprocessor:S3C44B0X and the embedded operating system:μCLinux, it can not only automatically transmit data to the central station, but also response the data request from the central station, which improves the intelligentized performance and reliability of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. The primary contents are listed as follows:
(1) Introduced the domestic and overseas technique development of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting, and analyzed the problems of existing Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. Researched the relative techniques included the design of Hydrological Remote Measuring Terminal, communication means of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting and the ultrasonic measurement for water-level.
(2) Analyzed the function requirements for the Embedded Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. Put forward overall design scheme of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. Set down the application layer data communication protocol based on GPRS and PDU (Protocol Data Unit) coding mode with the GPRS SMS (short messaging service) and realized the hydrological data transmission between the Hydrological Remote Measuring Terminal and the central station.
(3) Designed an embedded Remote Measuring Terminal, the design of primary module of its hardware was introduced an ARM microprocessor:S3C44B0X, brought forward a kind of ultrasonic transmitting receiving circuit, and applied the ultrasonic distance measurement technique to the water-level measuring. In the side of software , the bootloader program: Blob and the embedded operating system:μCLinux were transplanted to the development platform of the Remote Measuring Terminal, and put forward the multi-thread application software and a device driver of water-level data measuring, realized multi-point water-level data gathering.
(4) Designed the Hydrological Monitoring Management Software of the Center Station and a simplified model of the Hydrological Database, which realized the Center Station's functions such as acquiring, receiving, storing and analyzing of remote multi-point hydrometrical data and automatic SMS foretell. Set up a test environment for the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting, and tested the functions as well as analyzed the accuracy of the water level measuring.
水文自动测报系统由中心站、遥测站和通信链路组成。针对目前多数的水文自动测报系统存在智能化低、实时性及可靠性差等问题,本文设计了一种装备在遥测站的嵌入式遥测终端,并开发了一套运行在中心站上位机的水文监测管理软件,在此基础上借助GRPS(General Packet Radio Service)无线通信网络,构建一个嵌入式水文自动测报系统。系统中的水文遥测终端采用32位ARM(Advanced RISC Machines)微处理器和μCLinux嵌入式操作系统,该终端既能向中心站主动上报数据,又能响应中心站的数据请求,提高了水文自动测报系统的智能化程度和可靠性。本文的主要内容包括:
(1)介绍了课题背景和国内外水文自动测报技术的发展概况,分析了当前的水文自动测报系统存在的问题。对水文遥测终端设计、水文自动测报系统通信方式以及水位测量等相关技术进行了研究。
(2)分析了嵌入式水文自动测报系统的功能需求,并提出了系统的总体设计方案;制定了基于GPRS协议和PDU(Protocol Data Unit)编码的应用层数据通信协议,通过GPRS短消息实现遥测终端与中心站之间的数据传输。
(3)设计了水文遥测站的嵌入式遥测终端,将ARM微处理器S3C44B0X应用于该遥测终端的核心模块设计,将超声波测距技术应用于水位测量,给出了一种超声波收发电路;软件方面完成了Blob引导加载程序和μCLinux嵌入式操作系统的移植,设计了基于μCLinux多线程终端软件和水位采集设备驱动程序,实现多路水位数据采集。
(4)设计了中心站的水文监测管理软件和水文数据库简化模型,实现了中心站对远程多路水文数据的采集、接收、存储、分析以及短信自动预警等功能。搭建了一个系统测试环境,测试了水位数据测报功能,采用水文测验误差分析分析方法,估算了本系统超声波水位测量的误差。
With the changing of climate and environment, the floods occurred frequently in every region of our country in recent years, which resulted in severe losses of water and soil resources and damages of communal facilities such as roads and bridges, and even directly threatened the safety of people. With more and more attentions are being paid to the environment protecting and water resource developing and utilizing, it has the necessity to establish a detailed and integrated hydrological database and a hydrological information management system, to observe and collect the hydrological data of every region and drainage areas and analyze its changing rules, in order to promote the qualities of hydrological work and provide scientific technologies and warranties for preventing from drought and floods.
An Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting is consisted of Center Station, Remote Station and communication link. In allusion to the defects such as low intelligentization, poor real-time performance and reliability of the existing Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting, in this thesis an embedded Remote Measuring Terminal is researched and designed, which is equipped in the Remote Station, a Hydrological Monitoring Management Software is developed , which runs on the PC of Center Station, and on the foundations of them an Embedded Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting is constructed in the virtue of GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) wireless communication network. The Remote Measuring Terminal in this system adopts the 32-bit ARM (Advanced RISC Machines) microprocessor:S3C44B0X and the embedded operating system:μCLinux, it can not only automatically transmit data to the central station, but also response the data request from the central station, which improves the intelligentized performance and reliability of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. The primary contents are listed as follows:
(1) Introduced the domestic and overseas technique development of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting, and analyzed the problems of existing Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. Researched the relative techniques included the design of Hydrological Remote Measuring Terminal, communication means of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting and the ultrasonic measurement for water-level.
(2) Analyzed the function requirements for the Embedded Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. Put forward overall design scheme of the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting. Set down the application layer data communication protocol based on GPRS and PDU (Protocol Data Unit) coding mode with the GPRS SMS (short messaging service) and realized the hydrological data transmission between the Hydrological Remote Measuring Terminal and the central station.
(3) Designed an embedded Remote Measuring Terminal, the design of primary module of its hardware was introduced an ARM microprocessor:S3C44B0X, brought forward a kind of ultrasonic transmitting receiving circuit, and applied the ultrasonic distance measurement technique to the water-level measuring. In the side of software , the bootloader program: Blob and the embedded operating system:μCLinux were transplanted to the development platform of the Remote Measuring Terminal, and put forward the multi-thread application software and a device driver of water-level data measuring, realized multi-point water-level data gathering.
(4) Designed the Hydrological Monitoring Management Software of the Center Station and a simplified model of the Hydrological Database, which realized the Center Station's functions such as acquiring, receiving, storing and analyzing of remote multi-point hydrometrical data and automatic SMS foretell. Set up a test environment for the Automatic System of Hydrological Measuring and Reporting, and tested the functions as well as analyzed the accuracy of the water level measuring.
引文
[1]中华人民共和国水利部.SL61-2003.水文自动测报系统技术规范.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003
[2]Michael L Meyer,Greg M.Huey.Telemetric System for Hydrology and Water quality Monitoring in Watersheds of Northern New Mexico,USA.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2001.116:9-19
[3]Thomas V.Freiberger,Sahra Sedigh Sarvestani,Estella Atekwana.Hydrological Monitoring with Hybrid Sensor Networks.2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications.2007.84:484-489
[4]寇继虹.我国水利信息化建设现状及趋势.科技情报开发与经济,2007.17(1):89-90
[5]F.Malcolm Conly,Garth Van Kamp.Monitoring the Hydrology of Canadian Prairie Wetlands to Detect the Effects of Climate Change and Land Use Changes.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2007.67:195-215
[6]张建云.水文自动测报系统应用技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.7-19
[7]R W Hershey,J O Bailey.Satellite Remote Sensing for Hydrological Monitoring and Water Management in Great Britain.Proceedings of IGARSS'06 Symposium,Edinburgh,Scotland,13-16 Setp.2006 Ref.ESA sp-284:539-1540.
[8]武晓明.基于GPRS网络水情遥测系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学水利工程,2006
[9]徐芳.基于GPRS的水情自动测报系统:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京信息工程大学系统分析与集成,2007
[10]Hongqing Zeng,Anand Srinivasan,Brian Cheng.Adaptive Congestion Control Under Dynamic Weather Condition for Wireless and Satellite Networks.ITC 2007,LNCS 4516,2007:92-103
[11]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:125-134
[12]桑楠.嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2002:18-26
[13]杨帆,赵利.基于MSP430的新型自报式水文遥测终端机设计.今日电子,2006(2):67-69
[14]陈赜.ARM嵌入式技术实践教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:1-7
[15]Thomason.Gary Method for evaluating system immunity to wireless GSM devices.IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,v 3,2005 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,EMC 2005,2005:726-729
[16]Lin Chin E,Li Chih-Ching.A real-time GPRS surveillance system using the embedded system.Journal of Aerospace Computing,Information and Communication,n JAN.January,2004:44-59
[17]任开春,涂亚庆.20余种液位测量方法分析.工业仪表与自动化,2003(5):12-20
[18]刘吉川,于剑宇,王奇等.汽泡水位测量新技术.中国电力,2006.39(3):102-104
[19]赵广涛,程荫杭.基于超声波传感器的测距系统设计.传感器与仪器仪表 2006.22(1):129-130
[20]李彬,李庆坤.基于温度补偿的超声波测距设计.计量技术,2007(7):12-14
[21]曹建海,路长厚,韩旭东.基于单片机的超声波液位测量系统.仪表技术与传感器,2004(1):39-41
[22]孙英.短信收发中的PDU编码分析.内蒙古科技与经济,2007.131(1):131-132
[23]Ni Shaoji,Liang Yong;Haggman.Sven-Gustav.Outage probability in GSM-GPRS cellular systems with and without frequency hopping.Wireless Personal Communications,v 14,n 3,Sep,2000,p 215-234
[24]Liu Jiao-Yu,Wu Mei-Ling,Tan Jie.Design and research on GPRS DTU.Electric Power Automation Equipment,v 26,n 3,March,2006:89-91
[25]Chien-I Lee,Yu-Chiang Li,Shin-Mu Tseng.An Efficient Approach for Partial-Sum Queries in Data Cubes Using Hamming-Based Codes.DASFAA 2004,LNCS 2973,2004:457-468
[26]S3C44B0X MICROPROCESSOR User's Manual.SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd,2005
[27]K9F1G08UOM FLASH MEMORY User's Manual.SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd,2003
[28]TE28F320B FLASH MEMORY Datasheet.Intel Corporation,2004
[29]W986416DH SDRAM Datasheet.Winbond Corp.,2002
[30]张占新,孟如,孟庆洪等.基于MC35的无线数据采集系统.微型计算机,2005.21(7):101-102
[31]CH451芯片中文手册.南京芯恒公司,2007
[32]佚名.blob 在S3C44B0 上的移植.http://www.bbww.net,2007
[33]Jean-Lacrosse.μC/OS-Ⅱ,The Real-Time Kernel Second Edition.Lawrence,Kansas R&D Publications,2002
[34]崔玉玲,班建民,付保川.μClinux操作系统的实时化分析与研究.微计算机信息,2006.22(11):61-63
[35]朱显新,黄涛,卢珞先.μC/OS和μClinux的比较.单片机与嵌入式应用,2004(10);5-7
[36]余德华.基于ARM的嵌入式水文数据采集系统研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学软件工程,2006
[37]杜华.Linux编程技术详解.北京:人民邮电出版社.2007.156-162
[38]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartma.Linux Device Drivers O'Reilly Media,Inc.2005:9-45.
[39]李闽溟,吴继刚,周学明.Visual C++6.0数据库系统开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.11-38
[40]Kalen Delaney.Microsoft SOL Server 2000技术内幕,莱恩工作室译.北京:北京大学出版社,2002.6-11
[41]钱学伟,陆建华.水文测验误差分析与评定.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:3-21
[42]吴翊,李永乐,胡庆军.应用数理统计.长沙:国防科技大学出版社.2005:14-15
[2]Michael L Meyer,Greg M.Huey.Telemetric System for Hydrology and Water quality Monitoring in Watersheds of Northern New Mexico,USA.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2001.116:9-19
[3]Thomas V.Freiberger,Sahra Sedigh Sarvestani,Estella Atekwana.Hydrological Monitoring with Hybrid Sensor Networks.2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications.2007.84:484-489
[4]寇继虹.我国水利信息化建设现状及趋势.科技情报开发与经济,2007.17(1):89-90
[5]F.Malcolm Conly,Garth Van Kamp.Monitoring the Hydrology of Canadian Prairie Wetlands to Detect the Effects of Climate Change and Land Use Changes.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment.2007.67:195-215
[6]张建云.水文自动测报系统应用技术.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.7-19
[7]R W Hershey,J O Bailey.Satellite Remote Sensing for Hydrological Monitoring and Water Management in Great Britain.Proceedings of IGARSS'06 Symposium,Edinburgh,Scotland,13-16 Setp.2006 Ref.ESA sp-284:539-1540.
[8]武晓明.基于GPRS网络水情遥测系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学水利工程,2006
[9]徐芳.基于GPRS的水情自动测报系统:[硕士学位论文].南京:南京信息工程大学系统分析与集成,2007
[10]Hongqing Zeng,Anand Srinivasan,Brian Cheng.Adaptive Congestion Control Under Dynamic Weather Condition for Wireless and Satellite Networks.ITC 2007,LNCS 4516,2007:92-103
[11]王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发.北京:清华大学出版社,2003:125-134
[12]桑楠.嵌入式系统原理及应用开发技术.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2002:18-26
[13]杨帆,赵利.基于MSP430的新型自报式水文遥测终端机设计.今日电子,2006(2):67-69
[14]陈赜.ARM嵌入式技术实践教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005:1-7
[15]Thomason.Gary Method for evaluating system immunity to wireless GSM devices.IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,v 3,2005 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility,EMC 2005,2005:726-729
[16]Lin Chin E,Li Chih-Ching.A real-time GPRS surveillance system using the embedded system.Journal of Aerospace Computing,Information and Communication,n JAN.January,2004:44-59
[17]任开春,涂亚庆.20余种液位测量方法分析.工业仪表与自动化,2003(5):12-20
[18]刘吉川,于剑宇,王奇等.汽泡水位测量新技术.中国电力,2006.39(3):102-104
[19]赵广涛,程荫杭.基于超声波传感器的测距系统设计.传感器与仪器仪表 2006.22(1):129-130
[20]李彬,李庆坤.基于温度补偿的超声波测距设计.计量技术,2007(7):12-14
[21]曹建海,路长厚,韩旭东.基于单片机的超声波液位测量系统.仪表技术与传感器,2004(1):39-41
[22]孙英.短信收发中的PDU编码分析.内蒙古科技与经济,2007.131(1):131-132
[23]Ni Shaoji,Liang Yong;Haggman.Sven-Gustav.Outage probability in GSM-GPRS cellular systems with and without frequency hopping.Wireless Personal Communications,v 14,n 3,Sep,2000,p 215-234
[24]Liu Jiao-Yu,Wu Mei-Ling,Tan Jie.Design and research on GPRS DTU.Electric Power Automation Equipment,v 26,n 3,March,2006:89-91
[25]Chien-I Lee,Yu-Chiang Li,Shin-Mu Tseng.An Efficient Approach for Partial-Sum Queries in Data Cubes Using Hamming-Based Codes.DASFAA 2004,LNCS 2973,2004:457-468
[26]S3C44B0X MICROPROCESSOR User's Manual.SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd,2005
[27]K9F1G08UOM FLASH MEMORY User's Manual.SAMSUNG Electronics Co.,Ltd,2003
[28]TE28F320B FLASH MEMORY Datasheet.Intel Corporation,2004
[29]W986416DH SDRAM Datasheet.Winbond Corp.,2002
[30]张占新,孟如,孟庆洪等.基于MC35的无线数据采集系统.微型计算机,2005.21(7):101-102
[31]CH451芯片中文手册.南京芯恒公司,2007
[32]佚名.blob 在S3C44B0 上的移植.http://www.bbww.net,2007
[33]Jean-Lacrosse.μC/OS-Ⅱ,The Real-Time Kernel Second Edition.Lawrence,Kansas R&D Publications,2002
[34]崔玉玲,班建民,付保川.μClinux操作系统的实时化分析与研究.微计算机信息,2006.22(11):61-63
[35]朱显新,黄涛,卢珞先.μC/OS和μClinux的比较.单片机与嵌入式应用,2004(10);5-7
[36]余德华.基于ARM的嵌入式水文数据采集系统研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学软件工程,2006
[37]杜华.Linux编程技术详解.北京:人民邮电出版社.2007.156-162
[38]Jonathan Corbet,Alessandro Rubini,Greg Kroah-Hartma.Linux Device Drivers O'Reilly Media,Inc.2005:9-45.
[39]李闽溟,吴继刚,周学明.Visual C++6.0数据库系统开发实例导航.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003.11-38
[40]Kalen Delaney.Microsoft SOL Server 2000技术内幕,莱恩工作室译.北京:北京大学出版社,2002.6-11
[41]钱学伟,陆建华.水文测验误差分析与评定.北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007:3-21
[42]吴翊,李永乐,胡庆军.应用数理统计.长沙:国防科技大学出版社.2005:14-15