溴化锂溶液水平管吸收器降膜吸收传热传质规律研究
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摘要
溴化锂水溶液降膜吸收是目前溴化锂吸收式制冷研究的热点之一。数值模拟主要针对单管,数学模型一般忽略横向对流和膜厚变化,结果缺乏必要的实测数据的验证,直接用于实际机组的设计会带来比较大的误差。针对水平管吸收器整体管束吸收过程,提出一个更接近实际过程的数学模型,本文考虑变膜厚、横向对流和湿润比的变化,采用二维层流假设和涡量-流函数法建立了水平管表面降膜吸收数学模型;分析和建立了管底部液滴形成区、自由下落区以及柱状流动形态下的数学模型,定义了表征相变吸收特性的特征数,对数学模型进行了无因次化后采用有限差分求解。根据场协同理论和数学模型说明了横向对流作用不能忽略。考虑横向对流作用和液滴的自对流作用可以增强热质传递性能。提出湿润比的概念,并分析了湿润比对降膜过程中热质传递的影响。确定了多管程吸收器整体吸收过程的计算模型和计算步骤。给出了溶液出口温度、浓度、换热量和蒸汽吸收量的计算方法。与Joudi预测模型和Frances的实验结果对比说明本文模型更接近实际吸收过程,与实验结果吻合较好。分析了局部单管和单列水平管表面溶液参数变化和传热传质性能沿圆周的变化规律,分析了湿润比、溶液喷淋密度、溶液和冷却水进口参数以及蒸汽参数等对吸收过程的影响,对吸收器在高低温运行参数下的特性作了对比。结果表明,考虑液膜横向对流和液滴的自对流作用可以增强吸收过程;液滴形成和下落区的吸收量大于20%。在不同的冷却水流量和温度、溶液进口浓度以及蒸发器温度下,考虑物性参数变化的蒸汽吸收量和热负荷一般比常物性条件下计算结果偏低,最大可达10%,其中溶液进口浓度改变时差别比较大。吸收器S/D增大,传热传质性能改善,说明了管间的液滴形成和下落过程对总吸收过程影响明显,设计时建议取S/D=1.0-1.5;管径增大,溶液的出口温度和浓度以及传热系数和传质系数减小。为改进吸收器结构提高吸收效果提供了一定的理论依据。
Falling film absorption of lithium bromide solution is one of the fierce study fields of absorption refrigeration. The result of numerical simulation for single tube, will lead to great error, neglecting transverse convection and variable film thickness, being lack of experimental test. In order to establish a more reliable prediction model for the real absorption process, the falling film absorption model is given according to 2D laminar flow and vortex-flow function method, with the consideration of variable thickness, transverse convection and wet ratio. Also, the model in droplet formation, falling and column absorption areas is formulated. The whole model is solved by finite difference method. Heat and mass transfer performance can be enhanced by transverse convection and self-circulation according to field synergy principle. The effect of wet ratio defined is made on falling film absorption performance. The simulation process including the computation of outlet temperature and concentration, thermal load and absorption rate, is established for the tube bundle. The simulation results have a good agreement with Joudi’s prediction and test data by Frances. The local properties distribution along the circumference is investigated. The effect of such parameters as wet ratio, spray density, inlet temperature of solution and cooling water and steam, are analyzed. Simulation result shows that the mass absorption rate in droplet formation and falling area is up to 20% and the enhanced mechanism by transverse convection and self-circulation is confirmed. The value according to variable properties is 10% less than that of constant properties. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of S/D (the optimized range: 1.0-1.5), which reassures the contribution of droplet formation and falling process. Solution outlet temperatures and concentration, heat and mass transfer coefficients decrease with the increment of tube diameter. The results obtained will be helpful to absorber design and improvement of absorption performance.
Falling film absorption of lithium bromide solution is one of the fierce study fields of absorption refrigeration. The result of numerical simulation for single tube, will lead to great error, neglecting transverse convection and variable film thickness, being lack of experimental test. In order to establish a more reliable prediction model for the real absorption process, the falling film absorption model is given according to 2D laminar flow and vortex-flow function method, with the consideration of variable thickness, transverse convection and wet ratio. Also, the model in droplet formation, falling and column absorption areas is formulated. The whole model is solved by finite difference method. Heat and mass transfer performance can be enhanced by transverse convection and self-circulation according to field synergy principle. The effect of wet ratio defined is made on falling film absorption performance. The simulation process including the computation of outlet temperature and concentration, thermal load and absorption rate, is established for the tube bundle. The simulation results have a good agreement with Joudi’s prediction and test data by Frances. The local properties distribution along the circumference is investigated. The effect of such parameters as wet ratio, spray density, inlet temperature of solution and cooling water and steam, are analyzed. Simulation result shows that the mass absorption rate in droplet formation and falling area is up to 20% and the enhanced mechanism by transverse convection and self-circulation is confirmed. The value according to variable properties is 10% less than that of constant properties. Heat and mass transfer performance is enhanced with the increase of S/D (the optimized range: 1.0-1.5), which reassures the contribution of droplet formation and falling process. Solution outlet temperatures and concentration, heat and mass transfer coefficients decrease with the increment of tube diameter. The results obtained will be helpful to absorber design and improvement of absorption performance.
引文
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[13] 王长庆、陆震. 水平管族外溴化锂水溶液膜状布液的降膜流动研究. 上海制冷学会 2001 年年会论文集,278-281
[14] Victor Manual Soto Frances, Jose, Manuel Pinazo Ojer. Validation of a model for the absorption process of H2O (vap) by a LiBr(aq) in a horizontal tube bundle, using a multi-factorial analysis, Int. J. Heat and Mass Transfer, 2003, 46(5): 3299-3312
[15] R.Armbruster, J.Mitrovic. Patterns of falling-film flow over horizontal smooth tubes, Proceedings of the tenth international heat transfer conference, 1994, 37(3): 275-280
[16] Chan Woo Park, Sung Soo Kim, Hyun Churl Cho and Yong Tae Kang. Experimental correlation of falling film absorption heat transfer on micro-scale hatched tubes, Int.J.Refrig. 2003, 26(7): 758-763
[17] Jin-Kyeong Kim, Chan Woo Park, Yong Tae Kang. The effect of micro-scale surface treatment on heat and mass transfer performance for a falling film H2O/LiBr absorber, Int.J.Refrig. 2003, 26(5): 575-585
[18] Nakoryakov VE, Grigor’eva NI. Analysis of exact solutions to heat and mass transfer problems for absorption with films or streams. Theoretical foundations of Chemical Engineering, 1997, 31(2): 119-126
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