模拟实际负载三相功率因数校正
摘要
常规弧焊逆变电源的所采用的不控电压型整流器是一种通用整流器的电路结构形式,这种结构的整流器会产生相应的电流畸变。电流畸变不仅对电网造成污染,而且降低设备本身的功率因数,增加了设备对电网配备容量的要求,造成电网容量的浪费。
本文讨论了弧焊逆变电源功率因数校正方法,选定了三相半桥电路拓扑作为三相输入的弧焊电源前级功率因数校正器。文中分析了系统在整流状态下的工作模式及控制算法的推导,应用了一种快速、简单的空间矢量PWM算法,使之更易于实现数字化控制。
设计了以DSP为控制核心的三相VSR PWM整流器系统,系统加入了模拟的负载并进行了仿真和部分实验,验证了理论分析的正确性。验证了系统的抗干扰的能力。
Converter welding power is a rectifier for electric power grid. There are high harmonics in its current of inputs. High voltage/current has phase difference which result in low power factor. Correction of the power supply’s power factor has become necessary request, and the criterion is strict more and more. The power of welding power supply is very large, so the matter it cared is more attention-getting.
This thesis summarized the development of three-phase PFC of Arc Welding , analyzed several three-phase PFC circuit, With the merit of AC current and DC voltage is controllable, then the three phase half-bridge topology is choose as the front power factor corrector of welding power supply. We mapped three phase variable first toα-βplane then to d-q plane using PARK transformation, things is simplified accordingly. In the d-q coordinate, the main circuit's unit power factor run principle is analyzed, and the flow of the main circuit current was gained, so did the basic mathematical relation of the input and output and the restriction of various parameters to realize unit power factor, and also offered the theory of how to design the control system. For the six power switches, we adopt the space vector modulation method, at the same time we analyzed synthesize mode of the vector, and then chose the best one. The good behave of this topology in the unit power factor rectifier state is better than the others circuit topology.
We got the conditions of rectifier running in unit power factor by analysis and calculation. In this state, three phase current is inphase with three phase voltage, and it is sine wave containing high frequency modulation harmonic. When the switch frequency is very high, we can consider the input current is single sine wave. At the same time, the output voltage is an invariableness value.
We use the TMS320LF2407A digital control chip made in TI Company in this paper. The digital chip included SVPMW waveform generator, and it can be used to realize the PFC. Put it to the PFC control of power supply, the user's work will be greatly simplification. It's reliability is very high. In addition, the ability of DSP for fast data process and inside integration equipment can cut user's design cost to least. It's inside 10 bit AD converter is also suitable for voltage and current sampling and computating.
We apply two-loop idea in the whole control system. The outer loop is voltage loop, which control the output voltage to be a constant value and offer instruction for the inner current loop. The inner loop is current loop, it is used to achieve that the input current is be inphase with the input voltage using steady-stage deadbeat control to achieve best dynamic performance. In order to ensure stabilization run of the whole system, we use the classic PI control method as outer loop which cooperated with inner loop.
By practical analysis, we got the conditions of rectifier running in unit power factor, and in this state, three-phase current is in phase with three-phase voltage, but it is sine wave containing high frequency modulation harmonic, when the switch frequency is very high, we can consider the input current is single sine wave, at the same time, the output voltage is a invariable value.
In this paper, we choose IR2233, which is an IR company's product. It can drive the switches of the three phase half-bridge circuit with single power supply, The use of the IR2233 not only realized the electronic isolated but also depressed interference. It also has many protect functions. Its design is very artful. It is be proved that its cooperation with the three phase half-bridge is very well in practice.
It is under the help of simulation software that we complete the whole design. Now simulation has a hold the balance station in modern power electronic design process. Simulation is one co-worker whom engineer can't deviate from. We wrote the simulation program to simulate the system. Thus, we got the characteristic of the system not only in control aspect, but also in practical circuit point of view. All of this gave us a great help. The small signal simulation result of the system is given out in the thesis, so did some important waveform. When we compare them with the measured waveform, we found that they are especially similitude.
In addition, the author discussed several important questions of the system design about compiling software in this thesis. First, we choose "simple method" to calculate the vector action time in each sector, thus sector estimate and the action time calculations can be done in real-time accordingly, the method saved the time of the DSP implementation, improved the speed of the whole system, enhanced the transient performance. Second, some mistakes easy to be made were emphasized in the paper when program DSP, reader who read this paper can go little crooked road when use the SVPWM machine inside DSP. Third, we discussed the digital realization of the PI regulator and the scaled method of decimal fraction when using DSP to calculate floating-point numbers, even the over modulation and the least pulse width restrict problems are introduced. Thereby, it ensured the realization of closed loop and the stabilization of the three-phase PFC system.
At last, the author build actual circuit, made the DSP control program. From waveforms we can see, three phase input current are in phase with input voltage, and they are relative standard sine wave, the power factor is 1.
本文讨论了弧焊逆变电源功率因数校正方法,选定了三相半桥电路拓扑作为三相输入的弧焊电源前级功率因数校正器。文中分析了系统在整流状态下的工作模式及控制算法的推导,应用了一种快速、简单的空间矢量PWM算法,使之更易于实现数字化控制。
设计了以DSP为控制核心的三相VSR PWM整流器系统,系统加入了模拟的负载并进行了仿真和部分实验,验证了理论分析的正确性。验证了系统的抗干扰的能力。
Converter welding power is a rectifier for electric power grid. There are high harmonics in its current of inputs. High voltage/current has phase difference which result in low power factor. Correction of the power supply’s power factor has become necessary request, and the criterion is strict more and more. The power of welding power supply is very large, so the matter it cared is more attention-getting.
This thesis summarized the development of three-phase PFC of Arc Welding , analyzed several three-phase PFC circuit, With the merit of AC current and DC voltage is controllable, then the three phase half-bridge topology is choose as the front power factor corrector of welding power supply. We mapped three phase variable first toα-βplane then to d-q plane using PARK transformation, things is simplified accordingly. In the d-q coordinate, the main circuit's unit power factor run principle is analyzed, and the flow of the main circuit current was gained, so did the basic mathematical relation of the input and output and the restriction of various parameters to realize unit power factor, and also offered the theory of how to design the control system. For the six power switches, we adopt the space vector modulation method, at the same time we analyzed synthesize mode of the vector, and then chose the best one. The good behave of this topology in the unit power factor rectifier state is better than the others circuit topology.
We got the conditions of rectifier running in unit power factor by analysis and calculation. In this state, three phase current is inphase with three phase voltage, and it is sine wave containing high frequency modulation harmonic. When the switch frequency is very high, we can consider the input current is single sine wave. At the same time, the output voltage is an invariableness value.
We use the TMS320LF2407A digital control chip made in TI Company in this paper. The digital chip included SVPMW waveform generator, and it can be used to realize the PFC. Put it to the PFC control of power supply, the user's work will be greatly simplification. It's reliability is very high. In addition, the ability of DSP for fast data process and inside integration equipment can cut user's design cost to least. It's inside 10 bit AD converter is also suitable for voltage and current sampling and computating.
We apply two-loop idea in the whole control system. The outer loop is voltage loop, which control the output voltage to be a constant value and offer instruction for the inner current loop. The inner loop is current loop, it is used to achieve that the input current is be inphase with the input voltage using steady-stage deadbeat control to achieve best dynamic performance. In order to ensure stabilization run of the whole system, we use the classic PI control method as outer loop which cooperated with inner loop.
By practical analysis, we got the conditions of rectifier running in unit power factor, and in this state, three-phase current is in phase with three-phase voltage, but it is sine wave containing high frequency modulation harmonic, when the switch frequency is very high, we can consider the input current is single sine wave, at the same time, the output voltage is a invariable value.
In this paper, we choose IR2233, which is an IR company's product. It can drive the switches of the three phase half-bridge circuit with single power supply, The use of the IR2233 not only realized the electronic isolated but also depressed interference. It also has many protect functions. Its design is very artful. It is be proved that its cooperation with the three phase half-bridge is very well in practice.
It is under the help of simulation software that we complete the whole design. Now simulation has a hold the balance station in modern power electronic design process. Simulation is one co-worker whom engineer can't deviate from. We wrote the simulation program to simulate the system. Thus, we got the characteristic of the system not only in control aspect, but also in practical circuit point of view. All of this gave us a great help. The small signal simulation result of the system is given out in the thesis, so did some important waveform. When we compare them with the measured waveform, we found that they are especially similitude.
In addition, the author discussed several important questions of the system design about compiling software in this thesis. First, we choose "simple method" to calculate the vector action time in each sector, thus sector estimate and the action time calculations can be done in real-time accordingly, the method saved the time of the DSP implementation, improved the speed of the whole system, enhanced the transient performance. Second, some mistakes easy to be made were emphasized in the paper when program DSP, reader who read this paper can go little crooked road when use the SVPWM machine inside DSP. Third, we discussed the digital realization of the PI regulator and the scaled method of decimal fraction when using DSP to calculate floating-point numbers, even the over modulation and the least pulse width restrict problems are introduced. Thereby, it ensured the realization of closed loop and the stabilization of the three-phase PFC system.
At last, the author build actual circuit, made the DSP control program. From waveforms we can see, three phase input current are in phase with input voltage, and they are relative standard sine wave, the power factor is 1.
引文
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2 :陈树君.弧焊逆变电源的软开关变换器及谐波拟制的研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文,1999
3 :郑征.三相高功率因数整流器及其控制策略研究.河南理工大学.硕士学位论文.2005
4 :蔡昌文.基于前馈解耦原理空间矢量技术三相电压型 PWM 整流器的DSP 控制.华南理工大学.硕士学为论文.2005.5
5 :周旺平.高功率因数 AC-DC 变流技术的研究.安徽理工大学.硕士学位论文.2004
6 :屈莉莉.三相高功率因数电压型 PWM 可逆整流器的研究.西安交通大学.硕士学位论文.2002.3.1
7 :王芹.三相 PWM 可逆变流器双向工作特性研究.燕山大学.硕士学位论文.2004
8 :倪红.基于 SVPWM 的中频变频器的研究.东华大学.硕士学位论文.2000
9 :崔博.PWM逆变器输出有源滤波器的研究.哈尔滨工业大学.硕士学位论文.2002
10 :吕宏丽.基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制单位功率因数整流器的研究.河北工业大学.硕士学位论文.2002.3
11 :叶小风.基于 DSP 空间矢量 PWM 变频调速系统的研究.湖北工业大学.硕士学位论文.2005.5
12 :朱俊杰.三相 PWM 整流器控制策略的研究.湖南大学.硕士学位论文.2004.3
13 :李丽.基于电压空间矢量脉宽调制的动态电压调节器研究.四川大学.硕士学位论文.2005.4
14 :孙作生.基于 SVPWM 的三相 APFC 控制策略的研究.天津大学.硕士学位论文.2003.3
15 :唐蕾.三相高功率因数可逆整流器的研究.武汉大学.硕士学问论文.2004.4
16 :李潮泳.基于电压空间矢量调制的单位功率因数三相整流器的研究.西南交通大学.2003.6
17 :何圣仲.三相 PWM 整流器及其控制策略研究.西南交通大学.硕士学位论文.2005.4
18 :董景新,赵长德等.控制工程基础(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社,2003.8
19 :张强.基于 DSP 的三相电压源型 PWM 整流器系统设计.合肥工业大学.硕士学位论文.2003
20 :李友善.自动控制原理(第三版).北京:国防工业大学出版社.2005.1
21 :黄继强,陈树君,王冬平,殷树言.一种基于空间矢量调制的弧焊逆变电源 PFC 控制方法.焊接学报.2003 年 6 月.第 24 卷第 3 期
22 :黄继强,陈树君,王冬平,殷树言.基于 PWM 整流器的弧焊逆变电源的 PFC 技术,电力电子技术,2003 年 4 月,第 37 卷第 2 期
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