蒙西至华中铁路煤运通道工程黄土滑坡3S技术应用研究
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摘要
铁路勘察与选线是一个十分复杂的过程,需考虑环境、经济等多方面的因素。蒙西至华中铁路煤运通道工程作为国家重点工程项目,在选线过程中面临较大的地质环境问题,尤其在经过黄土高原地区,滑坡、崩塌等不良地质现象极其发育,对铁路线位的展布有较大的影响。本文以拟选线位通过的延安部分地区为研究范围,在收集研究区地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质、工程地质、地理交通、气象、地震、历史滑坡记录、遥感数据等资料的基础上,运用3S技术对研究区最具代表性的滑坡灾害进行了系统分析和综合研究,并对蒙西线拟选线位的可行性进行了分析评价。主要工作和成果包括以下几点：
(1)通过对研究区相关资料的整理和数据结构分析,基于ArcGIS数据管理平台建立了研究区滑坡综合分析空间数据库,为滑坡的遥感判释和滑坡危险性区划提供了有效的数据支持。
(2)通过对研究区历史滑坡数据和滑坡遥感判释相关文献的阅读和研究,归纳了滑坡判释的具体流程和方法,建立了研究区黄土滑坡遥感判释标志。
(3)基于ArcGIS平台,建立了滑坡判释综合环境。即,以地形地貌、地质、水文、历史滑坡点等空间数据为辅助信息分别叠加显示在不同背景的遥感底图(二维、三维、彩色、黑白、Spot、航片)上,从不同视角进行多方论证,以保证滑坡判释的质量。
(4)运用可加载遥感影像和滑坡点的手持GPS(MG838高精度数据采集器)对判释结果进行了现场验证和相关数据采集,为滑坡二次判释提供了现实依据。加上历史滑坡点,最终判释滑坡2343个,并作为研究区滑坡统计分析、危险性区划等的重要数据源。
(5)分析了研究区18个滑坡因子数据对滑坡空间分布的控制作用,结合因子间去相关处理技术和数学公式推导建立了研究区滑坡因子权重计算模型。
(6)分别运用信息量法和加权叠加法对研究区滑坡危险性进行了区划分析。考虑到不同模型自身的特性、研究空间的尺度效应以及地形特征,采用综合方法绘制了研究区滑坡危险性区划图,并对不同区划等级的滑坡危险性进行了评价。
(7)基于研究区黄土滑坡判释结果和危险性区划结果,对蒙西线拟选线位的可行性进行了综合评价,提出的最优方案与现场实施的方案一致。
The Railway Survey and Route Selection, which is related to environment, economy and so on, is a very complex process. A railway project for coal transportation from the west of Inner Mongolia to central region of China, as an important national project, will be designed and built. However, it is going to face some difficult geological environment problems especially when passing Loess Plateau, where landslide, collapse and other bad geology phenomenons are very normal and have great influence to railway alignment. In this paper, the author has put part of Yan'an area, which the railway will pass through, as the research scope, put landform, formation lithology, geological structure, hydrological geology, engineering geology, traffic, weather, earthquake, known loess landslide data, remote sensing data and so on as source data, researched comprehensively the most common bad geology phenomenon—loess landslide based on3S technology in target area, analysisd and evaluated the feasibility of possible railway in this project. Main work and results are generalized as follows:
(1) According to analyzing the relevant information and data structure in target area, a spatial database system for spatial analysis and research of loess landslide is built by the data management platform of ArcGIS. This can provide effective data support for landslide remote sensing interpretation and landslide risk zonation.
(2) Landslide interpretation of specific procedures and methods have been induced,and remote sensing interpretation signs for loess landslide in target area have been established after reading and studying the known loess landslide data as well as literature related to Landslide Remote Sensing Interpretation.
(3) A landslide interpretation of integrated environment is established in ArcGIS. Auxiliary information (such as landform, geology, hydrology, the known landslide data)can cover on different background(two-dimensional, three-dimensional, color, grey, satellite image, aerial image etc.) based on remote sensing data to supply multiple perspectives for landslide interpreter in order to ensure the quality of the result.
(4) GPS(MG838type), which can load remote sensing images and landslide, has been used to verify the landslide interpretation result and collect related data to provide realistic basis for the second landslide interpretation.Finally,2343loess landslides,including the known landslide data,as important data source for statistical analysis and risk zonation was interpreted.
(5) The control mechanism was revealed after analysing the relationship of18landslide factor data and their spatial distribution. Landslide factor weight determination model was established based on the correlation processing technique and mathematical analysis.
(6) Information Model and Weight Overlay Model are used in target area for landslide risk zonation and evaluation. Considering characteristics of different models,size effect and topographic features, a comprehensive method is used to draw the final zonation results, and the landslide risk of different grades is evaluated separately.
(7) The feasibility of possible railway has been evaluated comprehensively based on loess landslide interpretation and landslide risk zonation result. The best solution has brought into correspondence with the final solution adopted by decision-maker.
(1)通过对研究区相关资料的整理和数据结构分析,基于ArcGIS数据管理平台建立了研究区滑坡综合分析空间数据库,为滑坡的遥感判释和滑坡危险性区划提供了有效的数据支持。
(2)通过对研究区历史滑坡数据和滑坡遥感判释相关文献的阅读和研究,归纳了滑坡判释的具体流程和方法,建立了研究区黄土滑坡遥感判释标志。
(3)基于ArcGIS平台,建立了滑坡判释综合环境。即,以地形地貌、地质、水文、历史滑坡点等空间数据为辅助信息分别叠加显示在不同背景的遥感底图(二维、三维、彩色、黑白、Spot、航片)上,从不同视角进行多方论证,以保证滑坡判释的质量。
(4)运用可加载遥感影像和滑坡点的手持GPS(MG838高精度数据采集器)对判释结果进行了现场验证和相关数据采集,为滑坡二次判释提供了现实依据。加上历史滑坡点,最终判释滑坡2343个,并作为研究区滑坡统计分析、危险性区划等的重要数据源。
(5)分析了研究区18个滑坡因子数据对滑坡空间分布的控制作用,结合因子间去相关处理技术和数学公式推导建立了研究区滑坡因子权重计算模型。
(6)分别运用信息量法和加权叠加法对研究区滑坡危险性进行了区划分析。考虑到不同模型自身的特性、研究空间的尺度效应以及地形特征,采用综合方法绘制了研究区滑坡危险性区划图,并对不同区划等级的滑坡危险性进行了评价。
(7)基于研究区黄土滑坡判释结果和危险性区划结果,对蒙西线拟选线位的可行性进行了综合评价,提出的最优方案与现场实施的方案一致。
The Railway Survey and Route Selection, which is related to environment, economy and so on, is a very complex process. A railway project for coal transportation from the west of Inner Mongolia to central region of China, as an important national project, will be designed and built. However, it is going to face some difficult geological environment problems especially when passing Loess Plateau, where landslide, collapse and other bad geology phenomenons are very normal and have great influence to railway alignment. In this paper, the author has put part of Yan'an area, which the railway will pass through, as the research scope, put landform, formation lithology, geological structure, hydrological geology, engineering geology, traffic, weather, earthquake, known loess landslide data, remote sensing data and so on as source data, researched comprehensively the most common bad geology phenomenon—loess landslide based on3S technology in target area, analysisd and evaluated the feasibility of possible railway in this project. Main work and results are generalized as follows:
(1) According to analyzing the relevant information and data structure in target area, a spatial database system for spatial analysis and research of loess landslide is built by the data management platform of ArcGIS. This can provide effective data support for landslide remote sensing interpretation and landslide risk zonation.
(2) Landslide interpretation of specific procedures and methods have been induced,and remote sensing interpretation signs for loess landslide in target area have been established after reading and studying the known loess landslide data as well as literature related to Landslide Remote Sensing Interpretation.
(3) A landslide interpretation of integrated environment is established in ArcGIS. Auxiliary information (such as landform, geology, hydrology, the known landslide data)can cover on different background(two-dimensional, three-dimensional, color, grey, satellite image, aerial image etc.) based on remote sensing data to supply multiple perspectives for landslide interpreter in order to ensure the quality of the result.
(4) GPS(MG838type), which can load remote sensing images and landslide, has been used to verify the landslide interpretation result and collect related data to provide realistic basis for the second landslide interpretation.Finally,2343loess landslides,including the known landslide data,as important data source for statistical analysis and risk zonation was interpreted.
(5) The control mechanism was revealed after analysing the relationship of18landslide factor data and their spatial distribution. Landslide factor weight determination model was established based on the correlation processing technique and mathematical analysis.
(6) Information Model and Weight Overlay Model are used in target area for landslide risk zonation and evaluation. Considering characteristics of different models,size effect and topographic features, a comprehensive method is used to draw the final zonation results, and the landslide risk of different grades is evaluated separately.
(7) The feasibility of possible railway has been evaluated comprehensively based on loess landslide interpretation and landslide risk zonation result. The best solution has brought into correspondence with the final solution adopted by decision-maker.
引文
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