基于随机结构模型的溶蚀岩体渗漏分析在水布垭工程中的应用
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摘要
溶蚀岩层的防渗是我国水电工程、矿山工程和交通工程的重要难题之一。目前溶蚀岩体渗透特性评价及渗漏分析大都以定性为主，缺乏定量分析。本论文针对湖北省清江水布垭坝址左岸防渗帷幕地段，在现场调查的基础上，进行岩溶水文地质结构分析、溶蚀岩体结构模型的构建、溶蚀岩体的渗透系数和渗漏量定量分析，为研究岩溶渗漏规律和防渗处理提供理论依据。
本论文主要完成以下研究内容：
①、运用传统的裂隙调查方法(编录、素描)和采用数字摄影技术及高精度的游标塞尺等测量方法，对左岸五个不同高程的灌浆平硐进行了溶蚀特性的实地调查。对左岸帷幕灌浆平硐揭露岩体的溶蚀特征和渗水情况进行定性分析和溶蚀特性统计分析，在此基础上对左岸防渗帷幕段按溶蚀强弱进行了分区。分析了坝区岩溶空间形态特征、岩溶空间分布规律以及岩溶发育的控制因素，建立了左岸岩体溶蚀模式。
②、研究了构建溶蚀岩体的平面和三维随机结构模型的方法。根据水布垭大坝左岸灌浆平硐的观测结果进行统计分析，利用统计分析结果，编写了相应的程序，构建了该区域溶蚀岩体的平面和三维随机结构模型。
③、在溶蚀岩体平面随机结构模型的基础上，提出等效渗透系数的概念，推导出等效渗透系数的计算公式。根据随机结构模型所反映出的裂隙和溶蚀洞穴的有关参数计算了等效渗透系数，多次模拟后得到溶蚀岩体渗透性的分布规律。把等效渗透系数(K)模拟结果与压水试验结果(ω)进行了拟合分析。
④、在岩体渗透性分区的基础上，利用三维有限差分地下水流模型软件，对水库蓄水后左岸帷幕四种不同建造工况进行了渗漏量计算。在三维结构模型的基础上，探讨了考察岩溶洞穴过水面积的方法。对已实测的灌浆廊道建库后无防渗处理时的渗漏量进行了计算。
Seepage control in karstic rock mass is one of the most important problems in hydroelectric engineering and mining engineering as well as traffic engineering. At present, permeability assessment and leakage analysis of multi-layer karstic rock mass are mainly qualitative, while seldom quantitative. Based on the field measurements in the horizontal grouting galleries of seepage control curtains on the left bank of the Shuibuya Hydropower Project on the Qingjiang river, a quantitative analyses of the permeability coefficient and seepage amount are conducted in this paper, which will provide a theoretical basis for the study of seepage and seepage control treatment of karstic rocks.
Following issues are addressed in the paper:
① Based on the in-situ measurements of fissures and karstic cavities in grouting galleries with the traditional methods and digital photograph, some qualitative and quantitative analysis are carried out to study the karstic characteristics of rock mass, which lead to a karstic intension partition of rock mass. Then a karstic model is built based on the analysis of the spatial characteristic, distributing rule and controlling factor of rock mass.
② The technique to build plane and spatial stochastic structural mode is studied. Based on the statistic analysis of fissures and karstic cavities in grouting galleries, a stochastic structural model is set up.
③ The concept of equivalent permeability coefficient based on the stochastic structural model and its formula is put forward. With the parameters of fissures and karstic cavities extracted from the stochastic structural model, the equivalent permeability coefficient of karstic rock mass is calculated. These calculated equivalent permeability coefficient is summarized and then the rule of permeability of the karstic rock mass is gotten. The correlation analysis of calculated equivalent permeability coefficient and the result of pressing-water test is also carried out.
④ At last, the seepage amount of rock masses is estimated under four different conditions of seepage control measures with the help of a software for groundwater analysis. The existing formula for calculating the seepage amount of karstic conduits is revised. The seepage amount of rock masses in the measured grouting galleries is
本论文主要完成以下研究内容：
①、运用传统的裂隙调查方法(编录、素描)和采用数字摄影技术及高精度的游标塞尺等测量方法，对左岸五个不同高程的灌浆平硐进行了溶蚀特性的实地调查。对左岸帷幕灌浆平硐揭露岩体的溶蚀特征和渗水情况进行定性分析和溶蚀特性统计分析，在此基础上对左岸防渗帷幕段按溶蚀强弱进行了分区。分析了坝区岩溶空间形态特征、岩溶空间分布规律以及岩溶发育的控制因素，建立了左岸岩体溶蚀模式。
②、研究了构建溶蚀岩体的平面和三维随机结构模型的方法。根据水布垭大坝左岸灌浆平硐的观测结果进行统计分析，利用统计分析结果，编写了相应的程序，构建了该区域溶蚀岩体的平面和三维随机结构模型。
③、在溶蚀岩体平面随机结构模型的基础上，提出等效渗透系数的概念，推导出等效渗透系数的计算公式。根据随机结构模型所反映出的裂隙和溶蚀洞穴的有关参数计算了等效渗透系数，多次模拟后得到溶蚀岩体渗透性的分布规律。把等效渗透系数(K)模拟结果与压水试验结果(ω)进行了拟合分析。
④、在岩体渗透性分区的基础上，利用三维有限差分地下水流模型软件，对水库蓄水后左岸帷幕四种不同建造工况进行了渗漏量计算。在三维结构模型的基础上，探讨了考察岩溶洞穴过水面积的方法。对已实测的灌浆廊道建库后无防渗处理时的渗漏量进行了计算。
Seepage control in karstic rock mass is one of the most important problems in hydroelectric engineering and mining engineering as well as traffic engineering. At present, permeability assessment and leakage analysis of multi-layer karstic rock mass are mainly qualitative, while seldom quantitative. Based on the field measurements in the horizontal grouting galleries of seepage control curtains on the left bank of the Shuibuya Hydropower Project on the Qingjiang river, a quantitative analyses of the permeability coefficient and seepage amount are conducted in this paper, which will provide a theoretical basis for the study of seepage and seepage control treatment of karstic rocks.
Following issues are addressed in the paper:
① Based on the in-situ measurements of fissures and karstic cavities in grouting galleries with the traditional methods and digital photograph, some qualitative and quantitative analysis are carried out to study the karstic characteristics of rock mass, which lead to a karstic intension partition of rock mass. Then a karstic model is built based on the analysis of the spatial characteristic, distributing rule and controlling factor of rock mass.
② The technique to build plane and spatial stochastic structural mode is studied. Based on the statistic analysis of fissures and karstic cavities in grouting galleries, a stochastic structural model is set up.
③ The concept of equivalent permeability coefficient based on the stochastic structural model and its formula is put forward. With the parameters of fissures and karstic cavities extracted from the stochastic structural model, the equivalent permeability coefficient of karstic rock mass is calculated. These calculated equivalent permeability coefficient is summarized and then the rule of permeability of the karstic rock mass is gotten. The correlation analysis of calculated equivalent permeability coefficient and the result of pressing-water test is also carried out.
④ At last, the seepage amount of rock masses is estimated under four different conditions of seepage control measures with the help of a software for groundwater analysis. The existing formula for calculating the seepage amount of karstic conduits is revised. The seepage amount of rock masses in the measured grouting galleries is
引文
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