高速滑行艇纵向运动稳定性预报方法研究
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摘要
高速滑行艇海豚运动是滑行艇静水中高速滑行时产生的纵摇和垂荡耦合运动，海豚运动对滑行艇以及船员的安全有严重的威胁。由于高速滑行艇滑行时有折角线流动分离等强非线性效应，难以应用非线性理论数值模拟海豚运动。本文基于简单格林函数的非线性2D+t理论数值预报滑行艇的海豚运动临界参数，主要开展了以下工作：
探讨了二维物体入水砰击问题的简单格林函数非线性边界元方法。探讨了自由面与物面交点的处理、射流区的处理、非线性自由面条件的迭代求解、自由面锯齿不稳定性的移除以及物面压强的精确求解等数值关键技术，探讨了迭代步长、计算域大小、自由面网格数量以及划分方案对计算结果的影响。引入折角流动分离模型以数值模拟带有折角物体入水问题。数值计算了八个不带折角和两个带有折角的楔形体恒速入水的自由面形状、物面压强分布、最大压强系数和垂向水动力，并与其他理论计算值进行比较。
探讨了二维物体辐射问题的简单格林函数非线性边界元方法。探讨了远方辐射条件的处理，探讨了迭代时间步长、自由面网格数量、计算域大小、阻尼区长度以及平滑周期对于计算结果的影响。计算了楔形体、圆柱以及具有深吃水和浅吃水的外飘船艏横剖面的附加质量、阻尼系数、二阶定常力、二阶谐振力以及三阶谐振力，并与试验值以及其他数值结果进行了比较。
探讨了滑行艇静水匀速航行问题的简单格林函数非线性2D+t理论。数值计算了滑行艇以不同速度在静水中航行时的自由面以及剖面垂向力沿滑行艇艇长的分布。探讨了重力效应的影响，探讨了斜升角、纵倾角以及航速对剖面垂向力最大值的影响，计算了滑行艇不同速度的动升力系数并与Savitsky经验公式进行。
探讨了高速船在静水中匀速航行并伴随强迫振荡问题的简单格林函数非线性2D+t理论。以WigleyI和WigleyIV为例计算了不同速度航行不同频率垂荡或纵摇时的水动力系数并与试验值以及频率线性理论、三维线性频域理论计算值进行比较验证理论的正确性。基于线性稳定性分析以及Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据给出了滑行艇海豚运动判定依据，结合该判据和非线性2D+t理论数值预报了不同斜升角、载荷系数的滑行艇海豚运动并与试验值和Savitsky经验公式进行了比较，探讨了载荷系数、惯性矩半径以及斜升角对海豚运动临界纵倾角、重心位置以及湿长度的影响。
研究表明，研究的简单格林函数非线性边界元方法能够准确的预报二维物体入水砰击的物面压强分布和自由面形状，引入的流动分离模型能够有效的模拟带折角的二维物体入水砰击问题。基于简单格林函数的非线性2D+t理论，能够比较准确的计算高速船匀速航行并伴有强迫振荡的水动力系数，采用该方法和Routh-Hurwitz判据能够较为准确的预报高速滑行艇海豚运动临界参数。滑行艇的水动力系数与斜升角、纵倾角和航速等有关，载荷系数、惯性矩、斜升角和重心位置等是滑行艇海豚运动的主要影响参数。
The porpoising is the motion of pitch coupling heave which can cause the structuredamages of high speed planing craft. Because it has the strongly nonlinear effective such asthe knuckle flow separation when the high speed craft is planing in the calm water, applyingthe nonlinear theory to numerical simulation the porpoising is difficult. The porpoisingcritical parameters of high speed craft is numerical simulated by nonlinear2D+t theory basedon simple Green function. The main work is as following:
The nonlinear boundary element method based on simple Green function for the waterentry of a two-dimensional body is developed. The numerical difficulty including thetreatment of the intersection of free surface and body surface, thin jet, iteration of nonlinearfree surface condition, sawtooth instability of free surface, accurate solution of the pressure ofbody surface is solved. The effect of the iteration time step, the size of computational domain,the number of elements on the free surface and the way of the grid on the numerical results isdiscussed. A flow separation is introduced to numerical simulated the water entry of a bodywith a knuckle point. The free surface, pressure distribution, max pressure cofficients andvertical hydrodynamic force of eight wedges without knuckle and two wedges with knuckleare predicted and compared with the other theory results.
The nonlinear boundary element method for the radiation problem of the two-dimensionalbody is developed. The far radiation condition is discussed. The effect of iteration time step,the number of elements on the free surface, the size of computational domain, the length ofdamping region and the cycles of smooth on the numerical results are discussed. The addedmass, damping coefficient, second order mean force, second and three order harmonic forceof a wedge, cylinder, ship bow-flare section with shallow and deep draft are calculated andcompared with the experiment results and the other theory results.
The nonlinear2D+t theory for plaing craft advancing in the calm water with constantspeed is developed. The free surface and the section vertical force longituidal distribution ofthe planing craft are calculated. The effect of the deadrise angle, trim angle and the advancingspeed on the max section vertical force are discussed. The hydrodynamic lift coefficients ofdifferent advancing speed are calculated and compared with the Savitsky formula.
The nonlinear2D+t theory based on the simple Green function for the high speed shipadvancing in the calm water with constant speed and with forced oscillation is developed.The heave and pitch hydrodynamic coefficients of the WigleyI and WigleyIV with differentadvancing speeds and oscillation frequencies are predicted and compared with experimentresults, the frequency domain linear theory results and three-dimensional frequency domainlinear theory results. The criterion of porpoising is given by using linear stability analysis andRouth-Hurwitz stability rule. The porpoising of palning craft with different deadrise anglesand load coefficients by using the criterion of porpoising and nonlinear2D+t theory andcompared with the experiment results and the Savitsky formula. The effect of loadcoefficients, pitch radiua of gyration and deadrise angle on the porpoising critical trim angle,gravity center position and the wet length is discussed.
The above research indicates that using the nonlinear boundary element method based onthe simple Green function can predict accurate results of the pressure distribution and freesurface of the body entrying in the calm water. Using the flow separation model caneffectively solve the the water entry of the body with a knuckle point. Using the nonlinear2D+t theory can accurately predict the hydrodynamic coefficients of high speed shipadvancing in the calm water with constant speed and with forced oscillation. Using thenonlinear2D+t theory and the Routh-Hurwitz stability rule can effectively predict theporpoising of the planing craft. The hydrodynamic coefficients of planing craft haverelationship with deadrise angle, trim angle and advancing speed. The load coefficients, pitchradiua of gyration, deadrise angle and gravity center longitudinal position are the mainparameters that influence the porpoising of planing craft.
探讨了二维物体入水砰击问题的简单格林函数非线性边界元方法。探讨了自由面与物面交点的处理、射流区的处理、非线性自由面条件的迭代求解、自由面锯齿不稳定性的移除以及物面压强的精确求解等数值关键技术，探讨了迭代步长、计算域大小、自由面网格数量以及划分方案对计算结果的影响。引入折角流动分离模型以数值模拟带有折角物体入水问题。数值计算了八个不带折角和两个带有折角的楔形体恒速入水的自由面形状、物面压强分布、最大压强系数和垂向水动力，并与其他理论计算值进行比较。
探讨了二维物体辐射问题的简单格林函数非线性边界元方法。探讨了远方辐射条件的处理，探讨了迭代时间步长、自由面网格数量、计算域大小、阻尼区长度以及平滑周期对于计算结果的影响。计算了楔形体、圆柱以及具有深吃水和浅吃水的外飘船艏横剖面的附加质量、阻尼系数、二阶定常力、二阶谐振力以及三阶谐振力，并与试验值以及其他数值结果进行了比较。
探讨了滑行艇静水匀速航行问题的简单格林函数非线性2D+t理论。数值计算了滑行艇以不同速度在静水中航行时的自由面以及剖面垂向力沿滑行艇艇长的分布。探讨了重力效应的影响，探讨了斜升角、纵倾角以及航速对剖面垂向力最大值的影响，计算了滑行艇不同速度的动升力系数并与Savitsky经验公式进行。
探讨了高速船在静水中匀速航行并伴随强迫振荡问题的简单格林函数非线性2D+t理论。以WigleyI和WigleyIV为例计算了不同速度航行不同频率垂荡或纵摇时的水动力系数并与试验值以及频率线性理论、三维线性频域理论计算值进行比较验证理论的正确性。基于线性稳定性分析以及Routh-Hurwitz稳定性判据给出了滑行艇海豚运动判定依据，结合该判据和非线性2D+t理论数值预报了不同斜升角、载荷系数的滑行艇海豚运动并与试验值和Savitsky经验公式进行了比较，探讨了载荷系数、惯性矩半径以及斜升角对海豚运动临界纵倾角、重心位置以及湿长度的影响。
研究表明，研究的简单格林函数非线性边界元方法能够准确的预报二维物体入水砰击的物面压强分布和自由面形状，引入的流动分离模型能够有效的模拟带折角的二维物体入水砰击问题。基于简单格林函数的非线性2D+t理论，能够比较准确的计算高速船匀速航行并伴有强迫振荡的水动力系数，采用该方法和Routh-Hurwitz判据能够较为准确的预报高速滑行艇海豚运动临界参数。滑行艇的水动力系数与斜升角、纵倾角和航速等有关，载荷系数、惯性矩、斜升角和重心位置等是滑行艇海豚运动的主要影响参数。
The porpoising is the motion of pitch coupling heave which can cause the structuredamages of high speed planing craft. Because it has the strongly nonlinear effective such asthe knuckle flow separation when the high speed craft is planing in the calm water, applyingthe nonlinear theory to numerical simulation the porpoising is difficult. The porpoisingcritical parameters of high speed craft is numerical simulated by nonlinear2D+t theory basedon simple Green function. The main work is as following:
The nonlinear boundary element method based on simple Green function for the waterentry of a two-dimensional body is developed. The numerical difficulty including thetreatment of the intersection of free surface and body surface, thin jet, iteration of nonlinearfree surface condition, sawtooth instability of free surface, accurate solution of the pressure ofbody surface is solved. The effect of the iteration time step, the size of computational domain,the number of elements on the free surface and the way of the grid on the numerical results isdiscussed. A flow separation is introduced to numerical simulated the water entry of a bodywith a knuckle point. The free surface, pressure distribution, max pressure cofficients andvertical hydrodynamic force of eight wedges without knuckle and two wedges with knuckleare predicted and compared with the other theory results.
The nonlinear boundary element method for the radiation problem of the two-dimensionalbody is developed. The far radiation condition is discussed. The effect of iteration time step,the number of elements on the free surface, the size of computational domain, the length ofdamping region and the cycles of smooth on the numerical results are discussed. The addedmass, damping coefficient, second order mean force, second and three order harmonic forceof a wedge, cylinder, ship bow-flare section with shallow and deep draft are calculated andcompared with the experiment results and the other theory results.
The nonlinear2D+t theory for plaing craft advancing in the calm water with constantspeed is developed. The free surface and the section vertical force longituidal distribution ofthe planing craft are calculated. The effect of the deadrise angle, trim angle and the advancingspeed on the max section vertical force are discussed. The hydrodynamic lift coefficients ofdifferent advancing speed are calculated and compared with the Savitsky formula.
The nonlinear2D+t theory based on the simple Green function for the high speed shipadvancing in the calm water with constant speed and with forced oscillation is developed.The heave and pitch hydrodynamic coefficients of the WigleyI and WigleyIV with differentadvancing speeds and oscillation frequencies are predicted and compared with experimentresults, the frequency domain linear theory results and three-dimensional frequency domainlinear theory results. The criterion of porpoising is given by using linear stability analysis andRouth-Hurwitz stability rule. The porpoising of palning craft with different deadrise anglesand load coefficients by using the criterion of porpoising and nonlinear2D+t theory andcompared with the experiment results and the Savitsky formula. The effect of loadcoefficients, pitch radiua of gyration and deadrise angle on the porpoising critical trim angle,gravity center position and the wet length is discussed.
The above research indicates that using the nonlinear boundary element method based onthe simple Green function can predict accurate results of the pressure distribution and freesurface of the body entrying in the calm water. Using the flow separation model caneffectively solve the the water entry of the body with a knuckle point. Using the nonlinear2D+t theory can accurately predict the hydrodynamic coefficients of high speed shipadvancing in the calm water with constant speed and with forced oscillation. Using thenonlinear2D+t theory and the Routh-Hurwitz stability rule can effectively predict theporpoising of the planing craft. The hydrodynamic coefficients of planing craft haverelationship with deadrise angle, trim angle and advancing speed. The load coefficients, pitchradiua of gyration, deadrise angle and gravity center longitudinal position are the mainparameters that influence the porpoising of planing craft.
引文
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