低温液体运输半挂车整体结构失效分析研究
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摘要
提倡和推广使用半挂车,对于改善目前我国物流资源严重闲置的状况和运输效率低下的现实矛盾.具有积极的促进作用。我国的半挂车生产已有数十年的历史并已初步形成产业化,生产厂家逾百家年产数万台。由于历史和技术发展水平的原因,对带压力车罐的半挂车的研究、设计、制造都有不足。随着经济建设的发展,半挂车的交通事故屡有发生,而如果是带压力车罐的半挂车一旦发生事故而失效破坏,造成的后果会相当严重。传统的半挂车的罐体的结构设计中,往往近似采用静态载荷情况下的设计条件,比如带压力的罐体的壁厚计算采用GB150的计算公式等等。这种算法忽略了动态载荷对罐体应力以及其它结构应力的影响。这是很不合理的。如何进行复杂动载荷情况下的失效分析以及提出一个较为科学合理的设计方案,ANSYS为我们提供了一个良好的手段。
本文利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的CAD功能建立低温液体运输半挂车的外壳和内贮罐几何模型,并划分网格。根据中华人民共和国机械行业标准《低温液体贮运设备使用安全规则》,内贮罐在启动、刹车、急转弯、上下颠簸等多种运动工况下,罐内介质对贮罐的冲击采用等效静载荷的方式对贮罐进行加载。通过有限元分析软件ANSYS进行分析,获得各种运动工况下罐体的应力状况,根据JB4732-95应力分类规则及半挂车贮罐的结构特点,对其做了相应的强度评价,以此来判定贮罐的结构设计是合理的,同时对此类贮罐的设计公式做了修正。针对半挂车的外壳在外压作用下很容易发生外压失稳,还对外壳进行了稳定性分析,以此判定带加强圈的外壳的结构设计是安全的。
Advocating and promoting the use of semi-trailer plays a positive role in improving the serious idle logistics resources and the practical contradictions of inefficient transport in our country. China's semi-trailer production history has been for decades and it has initially formed industrialization, there are over one hundred manufacturers with an annual output of several tens of thousands of per year. Due to historical and development of technical reasons, it is inadequate in researching, designing and manufacturing the semi-trailer with the pressure tank. With the development of economic construction, the accidents made by semi-trailer happened frequently, but if the semi-trailer with the pressure tank occurred invalidation destruction, the consequences will be very serious. In the structural design of the tank of traditional semi-trailer, we often adapt similar static load conditions as the designing condition, for example we use calculation formula of GB150 to count the thickness of pressure tanks etc. This algorithm overlooked dynamic load stress on the tank as well as other structural stress impact. This is quite unreasonable. How to make a failure analysis in the complex dynamic load cases and put forward a more scientific and rational designing plan, ANSYS has provided us with an excellent means.
In this paper, we use the CAD functions of finite element analysis software ANSYS to establish a semi-trailer cryogenic liquid transport within the tank shell and geometric model, and divide it into grids. According to People's Republic of China Machinery Industry Standard "Cryogenic Liquid Storage and the Use of Safety Equipment Rules", at the circumstance of launching the tank, braking, sharp turning and up and down, we adapt the way of equivalent static load on the tank to count the shock of the media to the tank. By the analysis of the finite element analysis software ANSYS, we access to the stress situation of the tank at various movement condition. According to stress classification rules of JB4732-95 and the structural characteristics of semi-trailer tank, we have made the corresponding evaluation on its strength, in order to determine the structural design of the storage tank reasonable, meanwhile we have modified the designing formulas of such tank. Because the semi-trailer under external pressure was prone to external pressure instability, we have also made a shell stability analysis, as to determinate the structural design of the shell with strengthening laps is safe.
本文利用大型有限元分析软件ANSYS的CAD功能建立低温液体运输半挂车的外壳和内贮罐几何模型,并划分网格。根据中华人民共和国机械行业标准《低温液体贮运设备使用安全规则》,内贮罐在启动、刹车、急转弯、上下颠簸等多种运动工况下,罐内介质对贮罐的冲击采用等效静载荷的方式对贮罐进行加载。通过有限元分析软件ANSYS进行分析,获得各种运动工况下罐体的应力状况,根据JB4732-95应力分类规则及半挂车贮罐的结构特点,对其做了相应的强度评价,以此来判定贮罐的结构设计是合理的,同时对此类贮罐的设计公式做了修正。针对半挂车的外壳在外压作用下很容易发生外压失稳,还对外壳进行了稳定性分析,以此判定带加强圈的外壳的结构设计是安全的。
Advocating and promoting the use of semi-trailer plays a positive role in improving the serious idle logistics resources and the practical contradictions of inefficient transport in our country. China's semi-trailer production history has been for decades and it has initially formed industrialization, there are over one hundred manufacturers with an annual output of several tens of thousands of per year. Due to historical and development of technical reasons, it is inadequate in researching, designing and manufacturing the semi-trailer with the pressure tank. With the development of economic construction, the accidents made by semi-trailer happened frequently, but if the semi-trailer with the pressure tank occurred invalidation destruction, the consequences will be very serious. In the structural design of the tank of traditional semi-trailer, we often adapt similar static load conditions as the designing condition, for example we use calculation formula of GB150 to count the thickness of pressure tanks etc. This algorithm overlooked dynamic load stress on the tank as well as other structural stress impact. This is quite unreasonable. How to make a failure analysis in the complex dynamic load cases and put forward a more scientific and rational designing plan, ANSYS has provided us with an excellent means.
In this paper, we use the CAD functions of finite element analysis software ANSYS to establish a semi-trailer cryogenic liquid transport within the tank shell and geometric model, and divide it into grids. According to People's Republic of China Machinery Industry Standard "Cryogenic Liquid Storage and the Use of Safety Equipment Rules", at the circumstance of launching the tank, braking, sharp turning and up and down, we adapt the way of equivalent static load on the tank to count the shock of the media to the tank. By the analysis of the finite element analysis software ANSYS, we access to the stress situation of the tank at various movement condition. According to stress classification rules of JB4732-95 and the structural characteristics of semi-trailer tank, we have made the corresponding evaluation on its strength, in order to determine the structural design of the storage tank reasonable, meanwhile we have modified the designing formulas of such tank. Because the semi-trailer under external pressure was prone to external pressure instability, we have also made a shell stability analysis, as to determinate the structural design of the shell with strengthening laps is safe.
引文
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[3]韩志凌,孙占刚等.120t凹式半挂车鹅颈结构设计与有限元分析[J].起重运输机械,2006,3
[4]黄朝胜,隗海林等.牵引力.半挂车列车动力学仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2005,6
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[18]余柏健.大型液化石油气罐半挂车的设计[J].专用汽车,1997,3
[19]张喜彬,张凯.半挂车扰度纵梁的结构工艺[J].专用汽车,1999,1
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[21]朱德绵,王耀斌.半挂车车架设计的结构分析[J].设计计算研究,1999,5
[22]劳伟超.液化气体运输半挂车罐体的改进及其制作要点[J].专用汽车,2003,3
[23]刘玉红.压缩天然气运输半挂车的结构特点及安全措施[J].化工装备,
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[25]余进柏.大型变颈液化气体运输半挂车的设计[J].广东化工,2001,4
[26]曹斌.高压气体运输半挂车的设计与试制[J].中国化工装备
[27]张永红.一起液化石油气贮罐安全阀冻裂事故原因分析[J].锅炉压力容器安全技术,2003,1
[28]王(冒力)成 编著.有限元法(第一版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.7
[29]贺匡国.压力容器分析设计基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[30]李建国.钢制压力力容器分析设计基础(三).石油化工设计
[31]JB4732-95钢制压力容器分析设计标准
[32]全国压力容器标准化技术委员会.钢制压力容器-分析设计标准JB4732-95,中国标准出版社,1995
[33]Steele C R,Steele M L.Stress Analysis of Nozzles in Cylindrical Vessels with Extema load[J].ASME Journal of Iressure Vessel Technology,1983,105(4):191-200.
[34]Chen H,Olao Y J.Contact betwen Vessel Shell and Welded Pod in Nozzle Reinforcement[J].Tram.ASME,1993,115(12):364-372.
[35]Natarajan R,Widera G E O,Mshari P.A Finite Element Model tO Analyze Cylinder Intersections[J].ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1987,109(3):411-429.
[36]尹谢平,赵红,李玉江等.大型无梁半挂液化汽车罐体的开发和应用[J].压力容器,1998,15(5);20-24
[37]陈志伟.移动式压力容器介质晃动数值模拟及防波装置研究(硕士学位论文)[D].浙江:浙江大学化工过程机械系,2006
[38]邹华生等编著.流体力学与传热(第一版)[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2004.8
[39]张效松,叶天麒.流-固耦合问题边界元-有限元耦合方法分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2000.6
[40]李声远,邱吉宝.流固耦合动力学问题中大位移耦合界面条件的处理方法[J].宇航学报,2001,1
[41]邢景棠,周盛,崔尔杰.流固耦合力学概述[J].力学进展,1997,2
[42]崔尔杰.流固耦合力学研究与应用进展[J].
[43]刘云贺,俞茂宏,王克成.流体-固体瞬态动力耦合有限元分析研究[J].水利学报,2002,2
[44]刘云贺.流体-固体动力耦合理论及水利工程应用[D].西安:西安交通大学,2001.
[45]丁遂亮,包光伟.任意三维贮箱内液体晃动的模态分析及其等效力学模型[J].力学季刊,2004,3
[46]张立翔,黄文虎,A S TIJSSELING.输流管道流固耦合振动研究进展[J].水动力学研究与进展,2000,9
[47]徐晓贤.贮箱类流固祸合系统的动力学分析(硕士学位论文)[D].湖南:湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[48]尹立中.航天工程中液体大幅晃动及贮箱类液固耦合动力学研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,航天学院航天工程与力学系,1999
[49]孙利民,赵勇,张庆华.列车制动状态储油罐瞬态响应分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2006.6
[50]李彦民,徐刚,任文敏,等.储液容器流固耦合动力响应分析计算[J].工程力学,2002,19(4):29-31
[51]张效松,叶天麒.非连续边界元-有限元耦合方法分析[J].固体力学学报,1998,19(4):336-340
[52]刘小双,周利剑.1000~(m~3)储罐液体晃动模态分析[J].油气田地面工程,2007,2
[2]石琴,姚承等.对承载式散装水泥半挂车车身强度有限元分析[J].专用汽车,2002,4
[3]韩志凌,孙占刚等.120t凹式半挂车鹅颈结构设计与有限元分析[J].起重运输机械,2006,3
[4]黄朝胜,隗海林等.牵引力.半挂车列车动力学仿真研究[J].汽车工程,2005,6
[5]裴海涛,小龙.物流运输半挂车行业现状及发展趋势[J].中国物流与采购,2004,6
[6]孙占刚,许利民等.运载大型罐体的凹式半挂车设计[J].石油机械,2005,8
[7]鲍远通,罗灯明.一种重型液压组合式半挂车设计[J].液压与气动,2006,5
[8]张蕾,张文明.超长型半挂车转向机构优化设计[J].起重运输机械,2006,2
[9]孔江生,刘振生等.半挂拖车侧向振动问题分析[J].公路交通科技,2006,5
[10]牛会明,仝小平.应力测试技术在专用车上的应用[J].专用汽车,2003,3
[11]林程,陈思忠.重型半挂车车架有限元分析[J].车辆与动力技术,2004,4
[12]朱永强,王辉林等.低货台半挂车车架静强度有限元分析[J].专用汽车,2002,2
[13]朱永强,仪垂杰.低货台半挂车右主纵梁有限元分析[J].专用汽车,2002,1
[14]程广伟,王晓丽等.应用ansys软件进行半挂车车架有限元分析[J].湖北汽车,2001,4
[15]罗家兰.低平板半挂车车架设计[J].专用汽车,1999,1
[16]邓楚南,何天明.半挂车车架有限元强度分析[J].武汉汽车工业大学学抱,1997,4
[17]张红兵,桂建红等.半挂车车架的三维有限元强度分析与结构改进[J].苏州职业大学学报,2000,3
[18]余柏健.大型液化石油气罐半挂车的设计[J].专用汽车,1997,3
[19]张喜彬,张凯.半挂车扰度纵梁的结构工艺[J].专用汽车,1999,1
[20]张汉国.大型运油半挂车的设计[J].重型汽车,1999,2
[21]朱德绵,王耀斌.半挂车车架设计的结构分析[J].设计计算研究,1999,5
[22]劳伟超.液化气体运输半挂车罐体的改进及其制作要点[J].专用汽车,2003,3
[23]刘玉红.压缩天然气运输半挂车的结构特点及安全措施[J].化工装备,
[24]庞维龙,秦翠坤.压缩天然气运输半挂车的振动测试与分析[J].专用汽车,2003,1
[25]余进柏.大型变颈液化气体运输半挂车的设计[J].广东化工,2001,4
[26]曹斌.高压气体运输半挂车的设计与试制[J].中国化工装备
[27]张永红.一起液化石油气贮罐安全阀冻裂事故原因分析[J].锅炉压力容器安全技术,2003,1
[28]王(冒力)成 编著.有限元法(第一版)[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003.7
[29]贺匡国.压力容器分析设计基础[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1995
[30]李建国.钢制压力力容器分析设计基础(三).石油化工设计
[31]JB4732-95钢制压力容器分析设计标准
[32]全国压力容器标准化技术委员会.钢制压力容器-分析设计标准JB4732-95,中国标准出版社,1995
[33]Steele C R,Steele M L.Stress Analysis of Nozzles in Cylindrical Vessels with Extema load[J].ASME Journal of Iressure Vessel Technology,1983,105(4):191-200.
[34]Chen H,Olao Y J.Contact betwen Vessel Shell and Welded Pod in Nozzle Reinforcement[J].Tram.ASME,1993,115(12):364-372.
[35]Natarajan R,Widera G E O,Mshari P.A Finite Element Model tO Analyze Cylinder Intersections[J].ASME Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,1987,109(3):411-429.
[36]尹谢平,赵红,李玉江等.大型无梁半挂液化汽车罐体的开发和应用[J].压力容器,1998,15(5);20-24
[37]陈志伟.移动式压力容器介质晃动数值模拟及防波装置研究(硕士学位论文)[D].浙江:浙江大学化工过程机械系,2006
[38]邹华生等编著.流体力学与传热(第一版)[M].广州:华南理工大学出版社,2004.8
[39]张效松,叶天麒.流-固耦合问题边界元-有限元耦合方法分析[J].石家庄铁道学院学报,2000.6
[40]李声远,邱吉宝.流固耦合动力学问题中大位移耦合界面条件的处理方法[J].宇航学报,2001,1
[41]邢景棠,周盛,崔尔杰.流固耦合力学概述[J].力学进展,1997,2
[42]崔尔杰.流固耦合力学研究与应用进展[J].
[43]刘云贺,俞茂宏,王克成.流体-固体瞬态动力耦合有限元分析研究[J].水利学报,2002,2
[44]刘云贺.流体-固体动力耦合理论及水利工程应用[D].西安:西安交通大学,2001.
[45]丁遂亮,包光伟.任意三维贮箱内液体晃动的模态分析及其等效力学模型[J].力学季刊,2004,3
[46]张立翔,黄文虎,A S TIJSSELING.输流管道流固耦合振动研究进展[J].水动力学研究与进展,2000,9
[47]徐晓贤.贮箱类流固祸合系统的动力学分析(硕士学位论文)[D].湖南:湖南大学硕士学位论文,2006
[48]尹立中.航天工程中液体大幅晃动及贮箱类液固耦合动力学研究.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,航天学院航天工程与力学系,1999
[49]孙利民,赵勇,张庆华.列车制动状态储油罐瞬态响应分析[J].郑州大学学报(工学版),2006.6
[50]李彦民,徐刚,任文敏,等.储液容器流固耦合动力响应分析计算[J].工程力学,2002,19(4):29-31
[51]张效松,叶天麒.非连续边界元-有限元耦合方法分析[J].固体力学学报,1998,19(4):336-340
[52]刘小双,周利剑.1000~(m~3)储罐液体晃动模态分析[J].油气田地面工程,2007,2