煤自燃特性宏观表征参数及测试方法研究
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摘要
煤炭自燃严重威着矿井的安全生产，近年来，煤自燃特性的定量表征及危险程度的准确判定是煤矿安全领域研究的热点和难点。
论文围绕煤自燃性表征参数获取方法进行研究，在煤氧吸附与自燃特性理论研究基础上，确定了煤自燃的主要宏观表征参数，自行设计建立了公斤级煤量自然发火实验装置，提出了煤自燃倾向性和自然发火期实验测试的新方法，通过对黄陵2号煤的实验测试分析，得出煤自燃宏观表征参数，确定了规范的实验条件，并与大型煤自然发火实验和程序升温实验的对比分析表明，该实验装置综合了上述两类实验系统的优点，具有快速、准确测定煤自燃宏观表征参数的特点，为煤自燃特性和自然发火期实验测定标准制定提供了理论和实验基础。取得主要创新性成果如下：
（1）基于煤的孔隙结构及煤对氧的吸附类型和热量关系，分析煤低温氧化时不同类型吸附在煤氧化自热过程中的作用，结合煤发火规律及其影响因素，运用多孔介质渗流力学和传热传质学理论及相关的数学模型，确定了煤氧化自热过程中数值计算的关键参数：煤的耗氧速度、放热强度，为煤自燃性表征参数测试方法提供了理论支持。
（2）结合破碎煤体的放热和散热特性，从煤量、绝热条件、控制精度及相应软硬件等方面分析了实验要求。研究创建了公斤级煤量自然发火实验装置，装置的热量散失值能够满足煤氧化升温的条件，实现了7.1kg煤量煤自然氧化升温过程实验模拟，解决了大煤量自然发火实验工作量大，小煤量实验需外部加热且不能真实模拟煤氧化自热过程的问题。
（3）利用公斤级煤量自然发火实验台对黄陵2号煤进行了测试，得到了自然发火过程中气体和温度变化关系，结合指标气体浓度及其变化率、气体浓度比值等表征参数与煤温的对应关系，确定了煤低温氧化自然发火过程中的三个特征温度，及其量化判定依据，解决了应用指标气体量化识别煤层自燃隐蔽火源温度的问题。
（4）在公斤级煤量自然发火实验测试基础上，计算得出了黄陵2号煤样的放热强度、耗氧速度和实验自然发火期等自燃特性参数，拟合出煤氧复合作用过程中自燃宏观表征参数与温度的函数关系，确定了常数项，为煤自然发火的数值模拟和发火期计算提供了关键参数。
（5）通过与大型（西安科技大学XK-III）和程序升温实验台进行实验对比分析表明，公斤级煤量自然发火实验可以用于煤自然发火过程测试、煤自燃表征参数的准确测定以及煤的自燃倾向性确定，对现场自然发火预测预报及自燃危险性判定有重要意义。
Spontaneous combustion severely threatens production safety of coal mine, in recentyears, quantitative characterization and hazard degree judgment of coal spontaneouscombustion characteristics become hot and difficult point of coal production safety research.
According to coal spontaneous combustion characteristic parameters, based ontheoretical research on coal-oxygen adsorption and spontaneous combustion characteristics,main macro characterized parameters of coal spontaneous combustion is determined. Thekilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experiment stove of smallest content is designedand established, new method for coal spontaneous combustion tendency and period test israised.Through experiment test and analysis of Huangling coal sample2#, the macrocharacterized parameters of coal spontaneous combustion is determined, as well as standardexperimental condition. By comparison with large-scale coal spontaneous combustion andtemperature programed experiment, the new experimental device combines the advantages ofboth experiment, which can rapidly and accurately determine features of macro characterizedparameters of coal spontaneous combustion, and provides theoretical and experimental basefor determing coal spontaneous combustion character and period. The main creative are asfollows:
（1）According to coal pore structure, type of absorption and heat relationship of coal tooxygen, the function of different type of absorption in oxidation and self-heating at lowtemperature is analyzed. Based on coal spontaneous combustion law and test methods, thefluid mechanics in porous medium, heat and mass transfer theories and related mathematicalmodels are used, the critical parameters of numerical calculation in coal oxidation andself-heating process are determined, including: oxygen consumption rate, heat releaseintensity, which provides theoretical support for coal spontaneous combustion characterizedparameters test.
（2）Based on exothermic and conductive character of crushed coal, the experimental condition is analyzed, including coal amount, adiabatic condition, control accuracy andrelated hardware and software. The kilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experimentstove of smallest content is established, the heat released from device satisfies the condition ofcoal oxidation and temperature increase，the simulation of7.1kg coal sample spontaneouscombustion process is realized，related problems are solved，including huge workload,external heating and veracity of simulation.
（3）Huangling coal sample2#is tested by kilogram-level coal spontaneous combustionexperiment stove, relation between gas and temperature change in process is raised.Combining featured parameter, such as index gas concentration and changing rate, gasconcentration ratio, with coal temperature, three characteristic temperature value in coalspontaneous combustion process are determined, according to quantitative criterion,quantitatively recognizing conceal fire temperature of coal spontaneous combustion by indexgas is realized.
（4）Based on kilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experimental test, thefeatured parameter of Huangling coal sample2#is calculated, including heat release intensity,oxygen consumption rate, and experimental coal spontaneous combustion period. Thefunctional relation between macro featured parameters and temperature during coal-oxygencomposite is fitted, the constant term is determined, which provides key parameter fornumerical simulation and period calculation of coal spontaneous combustion.
（5）Through comparison with experiment of large amount (Xi’an university of scienceand technology XK-III) and temperature-programed experiment, it indicates thatkilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experiment can be used for coal spontaneouscombustion test, coal spontaneous combustion featured parameter accurate determining, aswell as coal spontaneous combustion tendency, which is important for forecast and hazardjudging of coal spontaneous combustion.
论文围绕煤自燃性表征参数获取方法进行研究，在煤氧吸附与自燃特性理论研究基础上，确定了煤自燃的主要宏观表征参数，自行设计建立了公斤级煤量自然发火实验装置，提出了煤自燃倾向性和自然发火期实验测试的新方法，通过对黄陵2号煤的实验测试分析，得出煤自燃宏观表征参数，确定了规范的实验条件，并与大型煤自然发火实验和程序升温实验的对比分析表明，该实验装置综合了上述两类实验系统的优点，具有快速、准确测定煤自燃宏观表征参数的特点，为煤自燃特性和自然发火期实验测定标准制定提供了理论和实验基础。取得主要创新性成果如下：
（1）基于煤的孔隙结构及煤对氧的吸附类型和热量关系，分析煤低温氧化时不同类型吸附在煤氧化自热过程中的作用，结合煤发火规律及其影响因素，运用多孔介质渗流力学和传热传质学理论及相关的数学模型，确定了煤氧化自热过程中数值计算的关键参数：煤的耗氧速度、放热强度，为煤自燃性表征参数测试方法提供了理论支持。
（2）结合破碎煤体的放热和散热特性，从煤量、绝热条件、控制精度及相应软硬件等方面分析了实验要求。研究创建了公斤级煤量自然发火实验装置，装置的热量散失值能够满足煤氧化升温的条件，实现了7.1kg煤量煤自然氧化升温过程实验模拟，解决了大煤量自然发火实验工作量大，小煤量实验需外部加热且不能真实模拟煤氧化自热过程的问题。
（3）利用公斤级煤量自然发火实验台对黄陵2号煤进行了测试，得到了自然发火过程中气体和温度变化关系，结合指标气体浓度及其变化率、气体浓度比值等表征参数与煤温的对应关系，确定了煤低温氧化自然发火过程中的三个特征温度，及其量化判定依据，解决了应用指标气体量化识别煤层自燃隐蔽火源温度的问题。
（4）在公斤级煤量自然发火实验测试基础上，计算得出了黄陵2号煤样的放热强度、耗氧速度和实验自然发火期等自燃特性参数，拟合出煤氧复合作用过程中自燃宏观表征参数与温度的函数关系，确定了常数项，为煤自然发火的数值模拟和发火期计算提供了关键参数。
（5）通过与大型（西安科技大学XK-III）和程序升温实验台进行实验对比分析表明，公斤级煤量自然发火实验可以用于煤自然发火过程测试、煤自燃表征参数的准确测定以及煤的自燃倾向性确定，对现场自然发火预测预报及自燃危险性判定有重要意义。
Spontaneous combustion severely threatens production safety of coal mine, in recentyears, quantitative characterization and hazard degree judgment of coal spontaneouscombustion characteristics become hot and difficult point of coal production safety research.
According to coal spontaneous combustion characteristic parameters, based ontheoretical research on coal-oxygen adsorption and spontaneous combustion characteristics,main macro characterized parameters of coal spontaneous combustion is determined. Thekilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experiment stove of smallest content is designedand established, new method for coal spontaneous combustion tendency and period test israised.Through experiment test and analysis of Huangling coal sample2#, the macrocharacterized parameters of coal spontaneous combustion is determined, as well as standardexperimental condition. By comparison with large-scale coal spontaneous combustion andtemperature programed experiment, the new experimental device combines the advantages ofboth experiment, which can rapidly and accurately determine features of macro characterizedparameters of coal spontaneous combustion, and provides theoretical and experimental basefor determing coal spontaneous combustion character and period. The main creative are asfollows:
（1）According to coal pore structure, type of absorption and heat relationship of coal tooxygen, the function of different type of absorption in oxidation and self-heating at lowtemperature is analyzed. Based on coal spontaneous combustion law and test methods, thefluid mechanics in porous medium, heat and mass transfer theories and related mathematicalmodels are used, the critical parameters of numerical calculation in coal oxidation andself-heating process are determined, including: oxygen consumption rate, heat releaseintensity, which provides theoretical support for coal spontaneous combustion characterizedparameters test.
（2）Based on exothermic and conductive character of crushed coal, the experimental condition is analyzed, including coal amount, adiabatic condition, control accuracy andrelated hardware and software. The kilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experimentstove of smallest content is established, the heat released from device satisfies the condition ofcoal oxidation and temperature increase，the simulation of7.1kg coal sample spontaneouscombustion process is realized，related problems are solved，including huge workload,external heating and veracity of simulation.
（3）Huangling coal sample2#is tested by kilogram-level coal spontaneous combustionexperiment stove, relation between gas and temperature change in process is raised.Combining featured parameter, such as index gas concentration and changing rate, gasconcentration ratio, with coal temperature, three characteristic temperature value in coalspontaneous combustion process are determined, according to quantitative criterion,quantitatively recognizing conceal fire temperature of coal spontaneous combustion by indexgas is realized.
（4）Based on kilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experimental test, thefeatured parameter of Huangling coal sample2#is calculated, including heat release intensity,oxygen consumption rate, and experimental coal spontaneous combustion period. Thefunctional relation between macro featured parameters and temperature during coal-oxygencomposite is fitted, the constant term is determined, which provides key parameter fornumerical simulation and period calculation of coal spontaneous combustion.
（5）Through comparison with experiment of large amount (Xi’an university of scienceand technology XK-III) and temperature-programed experiment, it indicates thatkilogram-level coal spontaneous combustion experiment can be used for coal spontaneouscombustion test, coal spontaneous combustion featured parameter accurate determining, aswell as coal spontaneous combustion tendency, which is important for forecast and hazardjudging of coal spontaneous combustion.
引文
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