金属银、铜纳米线的制备及其光学非线性研究
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摘要
一维金属纳米材料很好地集合了一维纳米结构材料和金属的特性,在光学、电学、磁学等领域有着不可忽视的潜在应用前景,且一维金属纳米材料的成功制备对于顺利实现纳米尺度功能组件的实用化意义重大。对它的光学非线性、光限幅效应的研究既可以丰富光与物质相互作用的理论知识,探明金属纳米线光学非线性的起源,又能帮助人们发现影响其光限幅性能的因素,进而指导材料的设计、优化、合成。
本论文在用一种全新的固态离子学方法制备了金属银、铜纳米线基础上,重点研究了金属银、铜纳米线的光学非线性及银纳米线的光限幅特性。具体内容如下:
用固态离子学方法制备了金属银、铜纳米线,并应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和吸收谱等手段对制备的金属银、铜纳米线的微观形貌、晶体结构及化学成分等进行了分析与表征。
从局域场理论和有效介电函数理论出发,推导了椭球形纳米颗粒分散系统的介电特性有效媒质理论,并利用此理论研究了金属纳米线分散系统的有效介电函数,计算了三阶极化率和非线性吸收系数。分析了球形纳米颗粒和金属纳米线光学非线性的溶剂效应。
在纳秒、皮秒和飞秒不同激光脉冲激发下,应用Z-scan技术,研究了金属银纳米线悬浮于乙醇中的非线性折射特性。实验结果表明金属银纳米线具有正的非线性折射特性,具有脉宽效应,即随着脉宽从110fs增加到8ns,非线性折射率γ增加,我们分析了银纳米线悬浮于乙醇中的脉宽效应及其产生的原因。
将金属银纳米线分别悬浮于去离子水和乙醇中,在波长532nm激光脉冲激发下,研究了其在不同溶剂中的非线性吸收和折射特性。实验发现金属银纳米线悬浮于乙醇中的非线性吸收和折射特性明显好于其悬浮于去离子水的非线性吸收和折射特性,即金属银纳米线具有明显的溶剂效应,用所推导的理论进一步解释了样品的非线性溶剂效应的影响。用Z-scan技术,在波长532nm,脉宽8ns激光脉冲激发下,研究了金属铜纳米线悬浮于去离子水中的光学非线性,并对其光学非线性起源进行了分析。
在波长532nm,脉冲宽度30ps,重复频率2Hz的条件下,研究了金属银纳米线悬浮于去离子水中的光限幅特性。并与在波长为532nm,脉冲宽度为7ns,重复频率10Hz的条件下,金属银纳米线悬浮于去离子水中的光限幅特性进行了比较,发现金属银纳米线在皮秒脉冲下的限幅能力好于在纳秒脉冲下的限幅能力,这是因为在不同的能流密度下,形成散射中心的二次散射过程引起的。
One dimensional metal nano-materials combine the properties of one-dimensional nano-structural materials and metals, and have important potential application prospect in such fields as optics, electronics, magnetics and so on. Successful preparation of one-dimensional metal nano-materials has great significance in realizing practical function-devices in nano-scale. Investigation on their optical nonlinearity and optical limiting effect can not only give us a deeper understanding of the interaction between laser and materials, as well as the origin of optical nonlinearity in metal nanowires, but also help us to find the factors which are associated with optical limiting capability, and then instruct us to design, optimize and synthesize ideal optical limiting materials.
On the basis of fabrication of metal Ag and Cu nanowires separately with a novel solid-state ionic method, this paper lays emphasis on researches about the characteristics of optical limiting in Ag nanowires and optical nonlinearities in Ag and Cu nanowires. The main contents are as follows:
Ag and Cu nanowires were fabricated by use of a solid-state ionic method. Morphologies, crystal structures and chemical components of the nanowires were analyzed and characterized by means of SEM, TEM, XRD and absorption spectrum.
Based on effective permittivity theory and local field theory, the theory of permittivity effective media of the ellipsoida nano-particle dispersive system were derived and then applied to investigating the effective dielectric function correlated with the dispersive system of metal nanopartical and nanowires, and to calculating their third-order nonlinearity and nonlinear absorption coefficient. Also, the solvent effect of the metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires were discussed.
The nonlinear refractive index (γ) of silver nanowires suspended in ethanol was measured by using Z-scan technique and laser radiation of various (nano-, pico-, and femto-second) pulse durations. Experimental results indicate silver nanowires have obvious positive refractive nonlinearities behaviors, pulse-width-dependent effect, and the nonlinear refractive index (γ) increases as the pulse duration increases from 110fs to 8ns. The pulse-width-dependent effect of silver nanowires and its origin were analyzed.
Nonlinear absorbsion and refraction of silver nanowires suspended in de-ionized water and ethanol, respectively, were measured using Z-scan technique at 532nm wavelength. Experimental results indicate that the capability of nonlinear absorption and refraction of silver nanowires suspended in ethanol is better than that suspended in de-ionized water, which is due to the solvent dependence of the nonlinear behavior of the silver nanowires. The origin and the nonlinear solvent effect of the samples were analyzed by using theoretics derived. Optical nonlinearities of Cu nanowires suspended in de-ionized water induced by 8ns laser pulses from a frequency-doubled, Nd: YAG laser at 532 nm, were investigated using the Z-scan technique. And the origin of optical nonlinearities of Cu nanowires was discussed.
The optical limiting of Ag nanowires suspended in de-ionized water was studied by using 30 picosecond laser pulses at 532nm with 2Hz repetition rate. The comparison for optical limiting of Ag nanowires induced by nanosecond pulse and by picosecond pulse was performed. It is found that the optical limiting of Ag nanowires induced by picosecond laser pulse is better than that induced by nanosecond one, which is arosed by the second scattering caused by the scattering center under different density of energy fluid.
本论文在用一种全新的固态离子学方法制备了金属银、铜纳米线基础上,重点研究了金属银、铜纳米线的光学非线性及银纳米线的光限幅特性。具体内容如下:
用固态离子学方法制备了金属银、铜纳米线,并应用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和吸收谱等手段对制备的金属银、铜纳米线的微观形貌、晶体结构及化学成分等进行了分析与表征。
从局域场理论和有效介电函数理论出发,推导了椭球形纳米颗粒分散系统的介电特性有效媒质理论,并利用此理论研究了金属纳米线分散系统的有效介电函数,计算了三阶极化率和非线性吸收系数。分析了球形纳米颗粒和金属纳米线光学非线性的溶剂效应。
在纳秒、皮秒和飞秒不同激光脉冲激发下,应用Z-scan技术,研究了金属银纳米线悬浮于乙醇中的非线性折射特性。实验结果表明金属银纳米线具有正的非线性折射特性,具有脉宽效应,即随着脉宽从110fs增加到8ns,非线性折射率γ增加,我们分析了银纳米线悬浮于乙醇中的脉宽效应及其产生的原因。
将金属银纳米线分别悬浮于去离子水和乙醇中,在波长532nm激光脉冲激发下,研究了其在不同溶剂中的非线性吸收和折射特性。实验发现金属银纳米线悬浮于乙醇中的非线性吸收和折射特性明显好于其悬浮于去离子水的非线性吸收和折射特性,即金属银纳米线具有明显的溶剂效应,用所推导的理论进一步解释了样品的非线性溶剂效应的影响。用Z-scan技术,在波长532nm,脉宽8ns激光脉冲激发下,研究了金属铜纳米线悬浮于去离子水中的光学非线性,并对其光学非线性起源进行了分析。
在波长532nm,脉冲宽度30ps,重复频率2Hz的条件下,研究了金属银纳米线悬浮于去离子水中的光限幅特性。并与在波长为532nm,脉冲宽度为7ns,重复频率10Hz的条件下,金属银纳米线悬浮于去离子水中的光限幅特性进行了比较,发现金属银纳米线在皮秒脉冲下的限幅能力好于在纳秒脉冲下的限幅能力,这是因为在不同的能流密度下,形成散射中心的二次散射过程引起的。
One dimensional metal nano-materials combine the properties of one-dimensional nano-structural materials and metals, and have important potential application prospect in such fields as optics, electronics, magnetics and so on. Successful preparation of one-dimensional metal nano-materials has great significance in realizing practical function-devices in nano-scale. Investigation on their optical nonlinearity and optical limiting effect can not only give us a deeper understanding of the interaction between laser and materials, as well as the origin of optical nonlinearity in metal nanowires, but also help us to find the factors which are associated with optical limiting capability, and then instruct us to design, optimize and synthesize ideal optical limiting materials.
On the basis of fabrication of metal Ag and Cu nanowires separately with a novel solid-state ionic method, this paper lays emphasis on researches about the characteristics of optical limiting in Ag nanowires and optical nonlinearities in Ag and Cu nanowires. The main contents are as follows:
Ag and Cu nanowires were fabricated by use of a solid-state ionic method. Morphologies, crystal structures and chemical components of the nanowires were analyzed and characterized by means of SEM, TEM, XRD and absorption spectrum.
Based on effective permittivity theory and local field theory, the theory of permittivity effective media of the ellipsoida nano-particle dispersive system were derived and then applied to investigating the effective dielectric function correlated with the dispersive system of metal nanopartical and nanowires, and to calculating their third-order nonlinearity and nonlinear absorption coefficient. Also, the solvent effect of the metal nanoparticles and metal nanowires were discussed.
The nonlinear refractive index (γ) of silver nanowires suspended in ethanol was measured by using Z-scan technique and laser radiation of various (nano-, pico-, and femto-second) pulse durations. Experimental results indicate silver nanowires have obvious positive refractive nonlinearities behaviors, pulse-width-dependent effect, and the nonlinear refractive index (γ) increases as the pulse duration increases from 110fs to 8ns. The pulse-width-dependent effect of silver nanowires and its origin were analyzed.
Nonlinear absorbsion and refraction of silver nanowires suspended in de-ionized water and ethanol, respectively, were measured using Z-scan technique at 532nm wavelength. Experimental results indicate that the capability of nonlinear absorption and refraction of silver nanowires suspended in ethanol is better than that suspended in de-ionized water, which is due to the solvent dependence of the nonlinear behavior of the silver nanowires. The origin and the nonlinear solvent effect of the samples were analyzed by using theoretics derived. Optical nonlinearities of Cu nanowires suspended in de-ionized water induced by 8ns laser pulses from a frequency-doubled, Nd: YAG laser at 532 nm, were investigated using the Z-scan technique. And the origin of optical nonlinearities of Cu nanowires was discussed.
The optical limiting of Ag nanowires suspended in de-ionized water was studied by using 30 picosecond laser pulses at 532nm with 2Hz repetition rate. The comparison for optical limiting of Ag nanowires induced by nanosecond pulse and by picosecond pulse was performed. It is found that the optical limiting of Ag nanowires induced by picosecond laser pulse is better than that induced by nanosecond one, which is arosed by the second scattering caused by the scattering center under different density of energy fluid.
引文
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