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220kV同杆双回线继电保护方案的研究
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摘要
同杆双回线具有投资少、节约土地、单位走廊输送容量大等优点,目前在我国220kV及以上电压等级输电线路中的应用逐渐增多。但是,由于同杆双回线会发生跨线故障,致使同杆双回线的故障种类多达120种,并且同杆双回线的故障计算和分析十分复杂。因此对同杆双回线的跨线故障进行研究,提出适用于同杆双回线的保护方案具有现实意义。
     同杆双回线发生跨线故障时,不仅相与相之间有互感,相邻两线间还有线间互感,这使得在单回线上能正确动作的保护,用在同杆双回线中不同程度的都存在一些问题。同杆双回线发生跨线故障时还有一些特殊问题,如,两回线运行内部发生单回线故障或非同名跨线故障时,两健全同名相电流可能不相等;在两回线运行时发生跨线故障,两故障同名相电流也可能不相等。这些特殊问题的存
    
     太原理工大学硕士研究生学位论文
    在,对同杆双回线中的保护的正确动作影响也很大。为了
    便于我们分析这些问题,本文研究了六序分量法,其实质
    是消去互感。将六序分量法的数学模型与同杆双回线时故
    障时的边界条件结合,便可求出故障时各序电流和各序电
    压的解析表达式,进而求出各相电流和电压。接着利用该
    方法分析了同杆双回线的特殊问题,为后面的同杆双回线
    继电保护方案的研究提供了理论依据。
     同杆双回线中的保护能否正确动作,选相元件是关
    键。本文首先研究了相电流差突变量选相元件和负序零序
    电流选相元件在同杆双回线中的动作特性,结果表明在跨
    线故障时它们会有不正确的动作。接着分析了同杆双回线
    跨线故障时,保护安装处看到的跨线故障相电流之间具有
    的相位关系。基于这些关系,本文研究了一种用于同杆双
    回线跨线故障的选相原理一基于故障相电压比较故障相
    电流相位。将该选相原理与相电流差突变量选相和负序零
    序电流选相原理结合,可以构成一种新的、用于同杆双回
    线的保护选相元件。
     最后本文提出了一个用于220kV同杆双回线的保护方
    案。方案中以纵联距离和零序方向元件作为快速主保护,
     2
    
     太原理〕一大学硕士研究生学位论文
    以工频变化量距离元件构成快速I段保护,由三段式相间
    和接地距离及二个延时段零序方向过流构成后备保护;采
    用综合选相元件进行同杆双回线的故障选相。并且分析了
    方案中各保护的原理及动作特性。
As a important electric power transmission modle ,the double circuit lines on the same tower have been used increased, because it may enhance the transmission capacity of each way, reduce used ground and save cost. There are 120 kinds of faults occurred in double circuit lines, for the existence of the cross country faults. It is very complex when we calculate and analyze the faults occurred in double circuit lines, so it is very significant to study the character of cross country faults in double circuit lines and bring forth a protection scheme used in double circuit lines.
    There is mutual-induction between the phases also
    
    
    between the lines in double circuit lines, thus the protective relay used in single circuit lines will act incorrectly .There are several special problems when the cross country faults are occurred in double circuit lines, for example, the two normal same phase current may not be equal when the faults occurred in single circuit lines or the cross country faults occurred between the different phases ;the two fault same phase current may not be equal, when the cross country fault occurred in the operation between two lines. These special problems have greatly effect on the correct action of relay, so the six-sequence component theory is presented, eliminating the mutual-induction is its virtuality. We can get the sequence current and sequence voltage of double circuit lines when its mathematics model was associated with the boundary condition of the faults. Then we analyzed the special problems in double circuit lines using the theory above.The results of analysis will support the protection scheme used in double circuit lines later.
    The fault phase selection is a key factor whether the
    
    
    protective relay will act correctly or not. The research on the behavior of the phase current difference suddenly-change and the sequence current elements under various cross country faults in double circuit lines is presented. The result of the research indicated that error phase may be selected by above two elements under such faults conditions. Then the phasor condition between the phase currents under cross country faults in double circuit lines are analyzed. A new fault phase identification method is proposed, which is based on comparing the difference of the fault voltage judging the phasor condition between the fault currents .The fault phase selector of new protection in thesis is integrated by three components mentioned above.
    Finally a 220kV protective relay scheme is proposed which is used in double circuit lines. The fast major protection is the pilot distance relay and zero sequence direction relay; the fast I section protection is consisted of the main frequency variation distance selector; the reserved protection is consisted
    of three steps phases and ground distance relay and two
    
    
    delayed zero frequency direction overflowing relay; the fault phase selector of new protection in this scheme is integrated by three components in double circuit lines ; finally the theory of the protective relay and the action performance are analyzed.
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