市民政治效能感与政治参与研究
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摘要
公民广泛地参与政治是现代民主政治的核心,是政治发展的重要标志和重要组成部分,是现代政治系统保持良性运作的基本条件。在现代民主国家,公民的政治参与是民主制度的核心体现,而公民的政治态度是民主制度得以运行的重要保障。心理学认为,行为受态度的影响,态度是行为的先导,相应的态度可能诱发相应的行为,作为政治态度一个重要面向的政治效能感对作为政治行为的政治参与有着深刻的影响。政治效能感早已得到西方学者和我国台湾学者的重视,并对其进行了深入研究,政治效能感和政治参与的研究也受到许多学者的关注。
本文主要采用量化研究的方法,根据政治效能感和政治参与相关的理论,在西方政治效能感经典问卷的基础上,结合我国社区的实际隋况,编写了《中国市民政治态度和政治行为调查问卷》,分别在山西省北部、中部和南部抽取了4个社区的427位居民进行了施测,将所得数据应用专业统计软件SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions)进行统计分析。通过统计探讨当前我国市民政治效能感和政治参与的现状,同时又考察了性别、年龄、文化程度、政治面貌、职业和收入等人口学因素对政治效能感和政治参与的影响,最后分析了政治效能感和政治参与两者的关系。
通过分析发现：我国社区居民呈现高效能低参与的特征,政治面貌对居民的政治效能感和政治参与影响最为显著。我国社区居民的政治效能感与政治参与显著相关：社区级内在政治效能感与社区选举行为密切相关；政府级内在了解型政治效能感与政治参与的广度密切相关；政治效能感各维度与政治参与的强度密切相关；与人口学特征相比,政治效能感对政治参与的影响更加显著。
Citizen participation in politics is the core of modern democratic politics, is an important symbol and an important part of political development, the modern political system to maintain healthy functioning of the basic conditions. In modern democratic countries, citizens' political participation is the core embodiment of the democratic system, Citizens' political attitudes is an important guarantee of the democratic system has been running. Psychology, behavior by the attitude, the attitude is the behavior of the pilot, the appropriate attitude may induce the appropriate behavior, as an important political attitudes for political efficacy as a political act of political participation has a profound impact. Political efficacy has long been the attention of Western scholars and scholars in our country Taiwan and conducted in-depth research, Political efficacy and political participation has also been a concern of many scholars.
This paper uses quantitative research methods, political efficacy and political participation in the relevant theory, on the basis of Western political efficacy classic questionnaire, combined with the actual situation of our community, preparation of public and political attitudes and political behavior questionnaire, Sample of427residents in five communities in Shanxi Province in northern, central and southern measured, The data the application of professional statistical software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) for statistical analysis. Explore the current status quo of China's public political efficacy and political participation through statistical, Investigated the impact of the demographic factors of gender, age, education level, political affiliation, occupation and income on political efficacy and political participation, finally, the analysis of the relationship between political efficacy and political participation.
The analysis shows that, community residents in China presents the characteristics of high efficiency and low participation, the political landscape and the income levels of the factors of political efficacy and political participation of the residents. Political efficacy and political participation in our community, community-level internal political efficacy and the community electoral behavior closely related; closely related to the breadth of political efficacy and political participation of government-level intrinsic understanding of the dimensions; various dimensions of political efficacy is closely related to the intensity of political participation; Compared with the demographic characteristics, political efficacy on political participation is more significant.
本文主要采用量化研究的方法,根据政治效能感和政治参与相关的理论,在西方政治效能感经典问卷的基础上,结合我国社区的实际隋况,编写了《中国市民政治态度和政治行为调查问卷》,分别在山西省北部、中部和南部抽取了4个社区的427位居民进行了施测,将所得数据应用专业统计软件SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions)进行统计分析。通过统计探讨当前我国市民政治效能感和政治参与的现状,同时又考察了性别、年龄、文化程度、政治面貌、职业和收入等人口学因素对政治效能感和政治参与的影响,最后分析了政治效能感和政治参与两者的关系。
通过分析发现：我国社区居民呈现高效能低参与的特征,政治面貌对居民的政治效能感和政治参与影响最为显著。我国社区居民的政治效能感与政治参与显著相关：社区级内在政治效能感与社区选举行为密切相关；政府级内在了解型政治效能感与政治参与的广度密切相关；政治效能感各维度与政治参与的强度密切相关；与人口学特征相比,政治效能感对政治参与的影响更加显著。
Citizen participation in politics is the core of modern democratic politics, is an important symbol and an important part of political development, the modern political system to maintain healthy functioning of the basic conditions. In modern democratic countries, citizens' political participation is the core embodiment of the democratic system, Citizens' political attitudes is an important guarantee of the democratic system has been running. Psychology, behavior by the attitude, the attitude is the behavior of the pilot, the appropriate attitude may induce the appropriate behavior, as an important political attitudes for political efficacy as a political act of political participation has a profound impact. Political efficacy has long been the attention of Western scholars and scholars in our country Taiwan and conducted in-depth research, Political efficacy and political participation has also been a concern of many scholars.
This paper uses quantitative research methods, political efficacy and political participation in the relevant theory, on the basis of Western political efficacy classic questionnaire, combined with the actual situation of our community, preparation of public and political attitudes and political behavior questionnaire, Sample of427residents in five communities in Shanxi Province in northern, central and southern measured, The data the application of professional statistical software SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) for statistical analysis. Explore the current status quo of China's public political efficacy and political participation through statistical, Investigated the impact of the demographic factors of gender, age, education level, political affiliation, occupation and income on political efficacy and political participation, finally, the analysis of the relationship between political efficacy and political participation.
The analysis shows that, community residents in China presents the characteristics of high efficiency and low participation, the political landscape and the income levels of the factors of political efficacy and political participation of the residents. Political efficacy and political participation in our community, community-level internal political efficacy and the community electoral behavior closely related; closely related to the breadth of political efficacy and political participation of government-level intrinsic understanding of the dimensions; various dimensions of political efficacy is closely related to the intensity of political participation; Compared with the demographic characteristics, political efficacy on political participation is more significant.
引文
① Paul R· Abramson, "Political All udes in America :Formation and Change". W·H· Freeman and Company, 1983, pp·135·183
② Agus Campbell, Gerald Gurirn, Warren E.? The ovter Decides[M].Row,Pereson and Company, 1954.
① David Easton and Jack Dennis. The child's Acquistion of Regime Norms:Political Efficacy[J]. The
①李蓉蓉.海外政治效能感研究述评[J].国外理论动态2010年第9期,47-52
②[美]科恩：《论民主》,商务印书馆,1988.10
③[美]科恩：《论民主》,商务印书馆,1988.12
④杜才平：《政治参与研究在西方：一个文献综述》[J]国际关机研究 2009,2
⑤杜才平：《政治参与研究在西方：一个文献综述》[J]国际关机研究 2009,2
①杨光斌：《政治学导论》,中国人民大学出版社,2004,pp.254
②胡佛：《政治参与选举研究》,三民书局,2000,pp.11
①郭秋永《当代三大民主理论》.新星出版社.2006,64 78
②[美]卡罗尔·佩特曼.《参与和民主理论》(陈(?)译),上海世纪出版集团,2006,44 61
①[美]阿尔蒙德、维巴.公民文化：五国的政治制度和民主[M].东方出版社,2008：1415.
[1]杨光斌：政治学原理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1998.
[2]郭秋永：当代三大民主理论[M].新星出版社,2006.
[3]胡佛：政治参与与选举研究[M].三民书局,2000.
[4][美]科恩：论民主[M].北京：商务印书馆,1988.
[5][美]阿尔蒙德,维巴：公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林,等译.北京：东方出版社,2008.
[6][美]卡罗尔·佩特曼：参与和民主理论[M].陈尧译.上海：上海世纪出版集团,2006.
[7][英]格雷厄姆·沃拉斯：政治中的人性[M].商务印书馆,1996.
[8][法]古斯塔夫·勒庞：乌合之众——大众心理研究[M].冯克利译.北京：中央编译出版社,2005.
[9]李蓉蓉：海外政治效能感研究评述[J]国外理论动态,2010.9.
[10]李蓉蓉：政治效能感：内涵与价值[J]晋阳学刊,2010.2.
[11]陈陆辉,陈义彦：政治功效意识、政治信任感以及台湾选民的民主价值[J]2001年选举与民主化调查研究学术研讨,2002.10.
[12]张平,李国青：论政治效能感的作用机制及其培养[J]东北大学学报,2004.1.
[13]陈博：政治效能感与合法性关系探析[J].学术交流与动态,2007.2
[14]万斌,章秀英：社会地位、政治心理对公民政治参与的影响及其路径[J]政治学,2010.2.
[15]孙永芬：政治心态与影响因素间变量关系的实证分析[J]政治学研究,2008.1.
[16]刘刚,吴冠男：公民有效政治参与渠道的探索[.J]经济研究导刊,2010.17.
[17]杜才平：政治参与研究在西方：一个文献综述[J]国际关系研究2009.2.
[18]黄磊：转型期公民政治参与的特点[J]人大研究,2007.3.
[19]熊易寒：社区选举：在政治冷漠与高投票率之间[J]社会,2008.3.
[20]吴重礼,汤京平,黄纪：我国政治功效意识测量之初探[J]选举研究,1999.
[21]Agus Campbell, Gerald Gurin, Warren E. Miller. The Voter Decides[M]. Row, Peterson and Company, 1954.
[22]James D. Wright:Does Acquiescence Bias the "Index of Political Efficacy?" The Publc Opnon Quarterly, vol.39, No.2(/summer, 1975)
[23]Douglas Madsen: A Structural Approach to the Explanaton of poltitical Efficacy Levels Under Democratic Regimes American Journal of Politcial Science, Vol.22.No.4(Nov. 1978)
[24]Stenphen C. Craing, Richard G. Nemi, Glenn E. Silver: Poltcal Efficacy and Trust: A Report on the ENS Pilot Study ltems Political Rechavior, Vol. 12, No.3(Sep. 1990),
[25]Michael E.Morrell: Deliberatin, Democratic Decision-Making and Internal Political Efficacy Political Behavior, Vol.27,No.1(Mar.2005)
[26]Paul R· Abramson, "Political Attitudes in America :Formation and Change ", W·H· Freeman and Company, 1983.
[27]David Easton and Jack Dennis. The child's Acquistion on of Regime Norms:Political Efficacy[J].The American Political Science Review, 1966.
② Agus Campbell, Gerald Gurirn, Warren E.? The ovter Decides[M].Row,Pereson and Company, 1954.
① David Easton and Jack Dennis. The child's Acquistion of Regime Norms:Political Efficacy[J]. The
①李蓉蓉.海外政治效能感研究述评[J].国外理论动态2010年第9期,47-52
②[美]科恩：《论民主》,商务印书馆,1988.10
③[美]科恩：《论民主》,商务印书馆,1988.12
④杜才平：《政治参与研究在西方：一个文献综述》[J]国际关机研究 2009,2
⑤杜才平：《政治参与研究在西方：一个文献综述》[J]国际关机研究 2009,2
①杨光斌：《政治学导论》,中国人民大学出版社,2004,pp.254
②胡佛：《政治参与选举研究》,三民书局,2000,pp.11
①郭秋永《当代三大民主理论》.新星出版社.2006,64 78
②[美]卡罗尔·佩特曼.《参与和民主理论》(陈(?)译),上海世纪出版集团,2006,44 61
①[美]阿尔蒙德、维巴.公民文化：五国的政治制度和民主[M].东方出版社,2008：1415.
[1]杨光斌：政治学原理[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1998.
[2]郭秋永：当代三大民主理论[M].新星出版社,2006.
[3]胡佛：政治参与与选举研究[M].三民书局,2000.
[4][美]科恩：论民主[M].北京：商务印书馆,1988.
[5][美]阿尔蒙德,维巴：公民文化——五个国家的政治态度和民主制[M].徐湘林,等译.北京：东方出版社,2008.
[6][美]卡罗尔·佩特曼：参与和民主理论[M].陈尧译.上海：上海世纪出版集团,2006.
[7][英]格雷厄姆·沃拉斯：政治中的人性[M].商务印书馆,1996.
[8][法]古斯塔夫·勒庞：乌合之众——大众心理研究[M].冯克利译.北京：中央编译出版社,2005.
[9]李蓉蓉：海外政治效能感研究评述[J]国外理论动态,2010.9.
[10]李蓉蓉：政治效能感：内涵与价值[J]晋阳学刊,2010.2.
[11]陈陆辉,陈义彦：政治功效意识、政治信任感以及台湾选民的民主价值[J]2001年选举与民主化调查研究学术研讨,2002.10.
[12]张平,李国青：论政治效能感的作用机制及其培养[J]东北大学学报,2004.1.
[13]陈博：政治效能感与合法性关系探析[J].学术交流与动态,2007.2
[14]万斌,章秀英：社会地位、政治心理对公民政治参与的影响及其路径[J]政治学,2010.2.
[15]孙永芬：政治心态与影响因素间变量关系的实证分析[J]政治学研究,2008.1.
[16]刘刚,吴冠男：公民有效政治参与渠道的探索[.J]经济研究导刊,2010.17.
[17]杜才平：政治参与研究在西方：一个文献综述[J]国际关系研究2009.2.
[18]黄磊：转型期公民政治参与的特点[J]人大研究,2007.3.
[19]熊易寒：社区选举：在政治冷漠与高投票率之间[J]社会,2008.3.
[20]吴重礼,汤京平,黄纪：我国政治功效意识测量之初探[J]选举研究,1999.
[21]Agus Campbell, Gerald Gurin, Warren E. Miller. The Voter Decides[M]. Row, Peterson and Company, 1954.
[22]James D. Wright:Does Acquiescence Bias the "Index of Political Efficacy?" The Publc Opnon Quarterly, vol.39, No.2(/summer, 1975)
[23]Douglas Madsen: A Structural Approach to the Explanaton of poltitical Efficacy Levels Under Democratic Regimes American Journal of Politcial Science, Vol.22.No.4(Nov. 1978)
[24]Stenphen C. Craing, Richard G. Nemi, Glenn E. Silver: Poltcal Efficacy and Trust: A Report on the ENS Pilot Study ltems Political Rechavior, Vol. 12, No.3(Sep. 1990),
[25]Michael E.Morrell: Deliberatin, Democratic Decision-Making and Internal Political Efficacy Political Behavior, Vol.27,No.1(Mar.2005)
[26]Paul R· Abramson, "Political Attitudes in America :Formation and Change ", W·H· Freeman and Company, 1983.
[27]David Easton and Jack Dennis. The child's Acquistion on of Regime Norms:Political Efficacy[J].The American Political Science Review, 1966.