C波段五位数字移相器研制
摘要
随着科学技术的发展,移相器在通信、雷达等系统中的应用越来越广泛。尤其在相控阵雷达中,大量应用的关键部件就是微波数字式移相器。它通过电的方式控制天线孔径面上各辐射单元的相位,以实现波束扫描。因此这种雷达具有体积小、变化快速、灵活、多功能等优点,非常适合于战备的需要。对于相控阵雷达的关键部件——T/R组件,尺寸和重量都有着严格的控制,而微波数字式移相器是T/R组件的重要组成部分。由于相控制雷达在星载和机载系统中得到日益广泛的应用,所以使得微波数字式移相器的研究显得非常迫切和重要。所以本课题研究的进行就非常具有实际意义。
本论文首先就移相原理、各种类型移相器电路的工作方式、特点以及设计方法进行分析,为移相器各单元基本拓扑结构选择和软件设计优化提供理论依据。由于PIN二级管有着体积重量小、开关时间短、控制功率小、对温度变化的稳定性好、成本低等优点,所以本C波段数字式五位移相器采用PIN二极管作为控制元件。设计软件采用Agilent ADS2005A,根据选定的拓扑结构,对每一移相位都根据计算的结果,对插入损耗、输入输出驻波比和移相精度进行优化,达到设计要求后,每一移相单元输入输出接口均匹配到50欧姆。该五位移相器由11.25°、25°、45°、90°、180°五个独立的移相器级连而成。然后对整体进行仿真和优化设计,待达到要求后,做出样品并对其性能进行详细测试、分析和调试。
With the development of science and technology, phase shifter is more and more widely used in systems such as the communication, radar, etc. Especially in Phased Array radar, a large number of key parts employed are digital microwave phase shifter. It controls the phase of every radiation unit of the aerial aperture through the way of the electricity, in order to realize the beam scanning. So this kind of radar is small and changing fast, flexibly, multi-functionally, very suitable for the need of war preparedness. As to the key part of Phased Array radars-T/R module, size and weight are the strict restraint, and the digital microwave phase shifter is the important component of T/R module. Phased Array radar is used in star and airborne system more and more widly, so making the research of digital microwave phase shifter more urgent and important. So this subject research has an actual meaning very much.
This thesis analyzed the phase shifter’s principle, all kinds of circuit working way of the phase shifter, characteristic and design method at first, then offer the theoretical foundation for topological structure of every unit of phase shifter and the way to optimize with software. Because PIN diode is very small, switch time short, little control power, cost low and better stability with temperature changes, so this C band 5_bit digital microwave phase shifter adopt PIN diode as controlling component. Design software is Agilent ADS2005A. According to selected topological structure and calculated results, we use the software to optimize the key parameters. After reaching the designing requirement, every unit input-output interface is matched to 50 ohms. And then the five units are connected in series. Then simulating and optimizing the design to meet the qualification. After this, we make sample and test, analyze and debug their performance in detail.
本论文首先就移相原理、各种类型移相器电路的工作方式、特点以及设计方法进行分析,为移相器各单元基本拓扑结构选择和软件设计优化提供理论依据。由于PIN二级管有着体积重量小、开关时间短、控制功率小、对温度变化的稳定性好、成本低等优点,所以本C波段数字式五位移相器采用PIN二极管作为控制元件。设计软件采用Agilent ADS2005A,根据选定的拓扑结构,对每一移相位都根据计算的结果,对插入损耗、输入输出驻波比和移相精度进行优化,达到设计要求后,每一移相单元输入输出接口均匹配到50欧姆。该五位移相器由11.25°、25°、45°、90°、180°五个独立的移相器级连而成。然后对整体进行仿真和优化设计,待达到要求后,做出样品并对其性能进行详细测试、分析和调试。
With the development of science and technology, phase shifter is more and more widely used in systems such as the communication, radar, etc. Especially in Phased Array radar, a large number of key parts employed are digital microwave phase shifter. It controls the phase of every radiation unit of the aerial aperture through the way of the electricity, in order to realize the beam scanning. So this kind of radar is small and changing fast, flexibly, multi-functionally, very suitable for the need of war preparedness. As to the key part of Phased Array radars-T/R module, size and weight are the strict restraint, and the digital microwave phase shifter is the important component of T/R module. Phased Array radar is used in star and airborne system more and more widly, so making the research of digital microwave phase shifter more urgent and important. So this subject research has an actual meaning very much.
This thesis analyzed the phase shifter’s principle, all kinds of circuit working way of the phase shifter, characteristic and design method at first, then offer the theoretical foundation for topological structure of every unit of phase shifter and the way to optimize with software. Because PIN diode is very small, switch time short, little control power, cost low and better stability with temperature changes, so this C band 5_bit digital microwave phase shifter adopt PIN diode as controlling component. Design software is Agilent ADS2005A. According to selected topological structure and calculated results, we use the software to optimize the key parameters. After reaching the designing requirement, every unit input-output interface is matched to 50 ohms. And then the five units are connected in series. Then simulating and optimizing the design to meet the qualification. After this, we make sample and test, analyze and debug their performance in detail.
引文
[1] 陈忠先.相控阵雷达的发展与前景.现代电子,1995 年第 3 期
[2] Kenichi Miyaguchi, An Ultra Compact C-Band 5-Bit MMIC Phase Shifter Based on All-Pass Network. September 2006, Manchester UK:277-280
[3] Miller P,Anderson A K. Development of gain/phase control blocks for space applications. IEEE ESA Proceedings of the European GaAs Applications Symposium ESTEC,1992
[4] Slobdonik A J, Webster R T, Roberts G A. A monolithic GaAs 36 GHz four bit phase shifter. Microwave Journal. June 1993, 106-111
[5] 清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.人民邮电出版社,1976 年
[6] Gerald Hiller. Design whit PIN Diodes. M/A-COM Application Note, AG312
[7] 薛羽.X 波段五位移相器和小功率开关 HMIC 的研制.电子元件与材料,1999 年 10 月,32-33
[8] Gupta K.C. Garg R. and Bahl I.J. Microstrip Lines and Slotines, Aretch House, Dedham(MA),1979
[9] 沈亚,陈继义,陈堂胜等.S 波段单片四位数控移相器.固体电子学研究与进展,1999, 19 (2): 139-143
[10] Koul S K, Bhat B. Microwave and millimeter wave phase shifters. Boston: Arech House, 1992: 389-417
[11] 言华.微波固态电路.北京:国防理工大学出版社,1995:201-210
[12] 集成电路丛书编写组.微波集成电路.北京:国防工业出版社,1995:387-472
[13] 赫崇骏,韩永宁,袁乃冒,等.微波电路.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998:169-172
[14] 王子宇,张肇仪,徐承和等译.射频电路设计——理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:102
[15] 杨容震,黎滨洪.实现小相移数字式微带负载线移相器的一种新方法.上海交通大学学报,2001.1:44-46
[16] 代鹏.X 波段五位数字移相器研制.硕士学位论文,2006 年
[17] 黄香馥,陈天麒,张开智.微波固体电路.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1975:256-259
[18] 陈振成.固态有源阵收/发组件的研制.现代雷达,1993,15(3):39-43
[19] 廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电于科技大学出版社,1994:197-209
[20] Shen Ya, Chen Tangsheng. A X-Band Five Bit MMIC Phase Shifter. International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings 2000 2nd, 200-202
[21] Garver R V. Microwave semiconductor control devices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1965 MTT-13(1):32-38
[22] Devlin L M, Minnis B J. A versatile vector modulator design for MMIC. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. 1990,519-522
[23] Frost R D, Fisher D A, Peck D E. A GaAs MMIC voltage controlled phase shifter. Microwave Journal. Vol34, Aug 1991 87-94
[24] Koul S K, Bhat B. Microwave and millimeter wave phase shifters. London: Artech House Boston. 1991
[25] 苏志彬,曹桂兴.一种新颖的数字移相电路.空间电子技术,2004 年第 1 期,33-36
[26] Rogers Corporation. RT/duroid 5870/5880 High Frequency Laminates Data Sheet
[27] M/A-COM Inc. Datasheet of Silicon PIN Diode Chipa V3.0. 1-6
[28] Riblet G P. A Directional coupler with very flat coupling. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-26, No.2, February 1978, 70-74
[2] Kenichi Miyaguchi, An Ultra Compact C-Band 5-Bit MMIC Phase Shifter Based on All-Pass Network. September 2006, Manchester UK:277-280
[3] Miller P,Anderson A K. Development of gain/phase control blocks for space applications. IEEE ESA Proceedings of the European GaAs Applications Symposium ESTEC,1992
[4] Slobdonik A J, Webster R T, Roberts G A. A monolithic GaAs 36 GHz four bit phase shifter. Microwave Journal. June 1993, 106-111
[5] 清华大学微带电路编写组.微带电路.人民邮电出版社,1976 年
[6] Gerald Hiller. Design whit PIN Diodes. M/A-COM Application Note, AG312
[7] 薛羽.X 波段五位移相器和小功率开关 HMIC 的研制.电子元件与材料,1999 年 10 月,32-33
[8] Gupta K.C. Garg R. and Bahl I.J. Microstrip Lines and Slotines, Aretch House, Dedham(MA),1979
[9] 沈亚,陈继义,陈堂胜等.S 波段单片四位数控移相器.固体电子学研究与进展,1999, 19 (2): 139-143
[10] Koul S K, Bhat B. Microwave and millimeter wave phase shifters. Boston: Arech House, 1992: 389-417
[11] 言华.微波固态电路.北京:国防理工大学出版社,1995:201-210
[12] 集成电路丛书编写组.微波集成电路.北京:国防工业出版社,1995:387-472
[13] 赫崇骏,韩永宁,袁乃冒,等.微波电路.长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998:169-172
[14] 王子宇,张肇仪,徐承和等译.射频电路设计——理论与应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2002:102
[15] 杨容震,黎滨洪.实现小相移数字式微带负载线移相器的一种新方法.上海交通大学学报,2001.1:44-46
[16] 代鹏.X 波段五位数字移相器研制.硕士学位论文,2006 年
[17] 黄香馥,陈天麒,张开智.微波固体电路.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1975:256-259
[18] 陈振成.固态有源阵收/发组件的研制.现代雷达,1993,15(3):39-43
[19] 廖承恩.微波技术基础.西安:西安电于科技大学出版社,1994:197-209
[20] Shen Ya, Chen Tangsheng. A X-Band Five Bit MMIC Phase Shifter. International Conference on Microwave and Millimeter Wave Technology Proceedings 2000 2nd, 200-202
[21] Garver R V. Microwave semiconductor control devices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1965 MTT-13(1):32-38
[22] Devlin L M, Minnis B J. A versatile vector modulator design for MMIC. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest. 1990,519-522
[23] Frost R D, Fisher D A, Peck D E. A GaAs MMIC voltage controlled phase shifter. Microwave Journal. Vol34, Aug 1991 87-94
[24] Koul S K, Bhat B. Microwave and millimeter wave phase shifters. London: Artech House Boston. 1991
[25] 苏志彬,曹桂兴.一种新颖的数字移相电路.空间电子技术,2004 年第 1 期,33-36
[26] Rogers Corporation. RT/duroid 5870/5880 High Frequency Laminates Data Sheet
[27] M/A-COM Inc. Datasheet of Silicon PIN Diode Chipa V3.0. 1-6
[28] Riblet G P. A Directional coupler with very flat coupling. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-26, No.2, February 1978, 70-74