基于产业竞争优势理论的孵化体系效率评价研究
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摘要
进入二十一世纪，经济全球化进程不断加快，随着知识经济的潮涌，国际经济环境发生了深刻的变革，主要表现在随着国际贸易日趋自由化、金融国际化和区域经济一体化，特别是跨国公司的迅猛发展，经济全球化进程迫使中国对外依存度不断提高。为适应这种形式，我国产业不仅要提高国内竞争力，更要提高国际竞争力；与此同时科学技术迅猛发展，将引发一场新的科技革命。高新技术和知识经济的快速发展使产业发展的动力产生了根本性变化，科技因素成为影响产业竞争力的关键因素。因此作为促进科技成果产业化有利工具的孵化体系的建设越来越受到学术界的关注。认识孵化体系的本质，提高孵化体系的效率，加速科技成果产业化速度，打造产业竞争优势成为学术界需要解决的问题。
本论文试图通过对孵化体系及其功能和产品的重新定义，阐述孵化体系的聚集经济效应，证明孵化体系与产业竞争优势之间的关系即孵化体系的终极目标是为打造地区性的产业竞争优势；通过国外产业竞争优势明显的孵化体系的比较研究，确定孵化体系效率的决定因素，探讨孵化体系效率评价指标体系的构建，并提出相应的评价方法；在效率评价的基础上提出孵化体系优化构建的模型，以期对于当前孵化体系的发展提供有益的借鉴。
When people step into 21st century, the process of economic globalization is speeding. Along with the flush of information economy, the environment of international finance has changed a lot. As the international trade exchange becomes more and more free, the finance environment turns to be international and the district economy develops as a whole, especially the multinational popularized, economic globalization pushes china more and more mutually rely on the other nations. According to these factors, our national industry has to improve not only the national competitiveness but also the international one. Meanwhile, the fast development of science & technology is going to led to a new S&T revolution. The new technologies and information economy have changed the power of moving industry ahead ultimately. S&T becomes the key factor influencing the competitiveness of industry. Consequently as the most effective tool to industrialize the fruit of S&T -incubator system catches the eye of academe. The problems s
uch as how to understand the essence of incubator system, how to improve the efficiency of incubator system, and how to speed the process of the fruit industrialization and make the advantage of industrial competition had to be solved.
In the article, the functions and products of the incubator system will be redefined. Through the expatiation of the assemble economic effect, the relation between incubator system and competitive advantage of industry is testified that the ultimate aim of incubator system is to make the competitive advantage of district industry. The comparison between incubator systems in the developed countries which have showed the evident competitive advantage of industry will confirm the factors which affect the efficiency of incubator system the most and form the base to build the index system to evaluate the efficiency of incubator system. According to the evaluation system, a optimized model to build a efficient incubator system will be proposed and expected to benefit the development of incubator system in our country.
本论文试图通过对孵化体系及其功能和产品的重新定义，阐述孵化体系的聚集经济效应，证明孵化体系与产业竞争优势之间的关系即孵化体系的终极目标是为打造地区性的产业竞争优势；通过国外产业竞争优势明显的孵化体系的比较研究，确定孵化体系效率的决定因素，探讨孵化体系效率评价指标体系的构建，并提出相应的评价方法；在效率评价的基础上提出孵化体系优化构建的模型，以期对于当前孵化体系的发展提供有益的借鉴。
When people step into 21st century, the process of economic globalization is speeding. Along with the flush of information economy, the environment of international finance has changed a lot. As the international trade exchange becomes more and more free, the finance environment turns to be international and the district economy develops as a whole, especially the multinational popularized, economic globalization pushes china more and more mutually rely on the other nations. According to these factors, our national industry has to improve not only the national competitiveness but also the international one. Meanwhile, the fast development of science & technology is going to led to a new S&T revolution. The new technologies and information economy have changed the power of moving industry ahead ultimately. S&T becomes the key factor influencing the competitiveness of industry. Consequently as the most effective tool to industrialize the fruit of S&T -incubator system catches the eye of academe. The problems s
uch as how to understand the essence of incubator system, how to improve the efficiency of incubator system, and how to speed the process of the fruit industrialization and make the advantage of industrial competition had to be solved.
In the article, the functions and products of the incubator system will be redefined. Through the expatiation of the assemble economic effect, the relation between incubator system and competitive advantage of industry is testified that the ultimate aim of incubator system is to make the competitive advantage of district industry. The comparison between incubator systems in the developed countries which have showed the evident competitive advantage of industry will confirm the factors which affect the efficiency of incubator system the most and form the base to build the index system to evaluate the efficiency of incubator system. According to the evaluation system, a optimized model to build a efficient incubator system will be proposed and expected to benefit the development of incubator system in our country.
引文
1 宋德文．美国孵化器的发展沿革．政策与管理，2000．9
2 李志能．企业新创一孵化的理论与组织管理．复旦大学出版社，2001．2：2，33
3 景俊海．科技企业成长与企业孵化器．西北工业大学出版社，1998．5：19
4 Mark P. Rice and Jana B. Mattthews. Principles & Practices of Successful Business Incubation. An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 1995
5 Michael Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. NY: Free Press, 1990
6 钱雪亚，张小蒂，苏海舟．产业竞争优势及其度量体系研究．统计研究，2001．6
7 张锦鹏，张丽娟，李继勋．开放条件下区域产业竞争优势构建．经济问题探索，2001．12
8 颜振军．中国企业孵化器论．中国社会科学出版社，2000
9 余年生．中外企业孵化器比较研究．云南科技管理，2000
10 Rustam Lalkaka & Jack Bishop. Business Incubator in Economic Development: an initial assessment in industrializing countries. New York, Unite Nations Development Program, Organization of American States & United Nations industrial Development Organization, 1996
11 景俊海．企业孵化器的科学分类及社会关系分析．现代企业管理，2001．1
12 United Nations Committee on Trade and Development. Creating an Enabling Environment for the Development of Enterprises, Geneva. Ad hoc Working Group on the Role of Enterprises in Development, April 1995
13 Jane Jacobs. The death and life of great American cities. Random House Inc., New York, 1993
14 Luger, Michael, and Harve A. Goldstein. Technology in the Garden: Research Parks and Economic Development. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1991
15 钱平凡，李志能．孵化器运作的国际经验与我国孵化器产业的发展对策．管理世界，2000．6
16 周长城，张洪祷．欧盟中小企业技术创新的制度安排．国外社会科学，2001．1
17 谢晓霞．美国政府支持高技术小企业发展的措施及对我国的启示．经济管理，2000．11
18 Aghion, P. Bolton. An incomplete Contracts Approach to Financial Contracting. Review of Economic Studies, 1992
19 Admati, P. Pflelderer. Robust Financial Contracting and the Role of Venture Capitalists. The Journal of Finance, 1994
20 Bergemann, U. Hege. Venture. Capital Financing, Moral Hazard and Learning. Journal of Banking and Finance, 1998
21 王剑华，王宏伟．新世纪孵化器的发展趋势与特点．北方经贸，2001．1
22 叶文，卢强．我国企业孵化器建设与发展浅析．改革与战略，2000．5
23 林强，姜彦福．中国科技企业孵化器的发展及新趋势．科学与研究，2002．4
24 姜杰，陈爱国．两种小企业扶持模式及其启示．文史哲，2000．3
25 Mian, Sarfraz. An Assessment of University-Sponsored Incubators in Supporting the Development of New Technology-based Firm. State University of New York, 1992
26 Roger M. and Cote M.. Growing the next silicon valley. D.C. Heath and Company Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, 1987
27 马克P雷斯．成功企业孵化器的原贝屿实践．景俊海．西北大学出版社，1997．10：2
28 颜振军．孵化与奋飞．民族出版社，2000．5：1，4
29 陈守煜．多目标决策模糊集理论与模型．系统工程理论与实践，1992．12(1)：7-13
30 王光远．论综合评判几种数学模型的实质及应用．模糊数学，1984．2(4)：21-25
31 吴望名等．应用模糊集方法．北京师范大学出版社，1985
32 谢建平．论“孵化器”的创新．上海经济研究，2001．9
33 陈年友，田晓红．企业孵化器定位问题研究．科技进步与对策，2001．1
34 李刚，张玉臣，陈德棉．孵化器支撑环境研究．科学技术管理，2001．6
35 杨迎平，李军．科技孵化器机制的创新．研究与发展管理，2000．10
36 盛昭翰，卢锐．企业孵化器与高新技术企业的发展．东南大学学报．2002．3
37 方新．创业与创新．中国人民大学出版社，1998
38 保罗．S．麦耶斯．知识管理与组织设计，珠海出版社，1998
2 李志能．企业新创一孵化的理论与组织管理．复旦大学出版社，2001．2：2，33
3 景俊海．科技企业成长与企业孵化器．西北工业大学出版社，1998．5：19
4 Mark P. Rice and Jana B. Mattthews. Principles & Practices of Successful Business Incubation. An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc, 1995
5 Michael Porter. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. NY: Free Press, 1990
6 钱雪亚，张小蒂，苏海舟．产业竞争优势及其度量体系研究．统计研究，2001．6
7 张锦鹏，张丽娟，李继勋．开放条件下区域产业竞争优势构建．经济问题探索，2001．12
8 颜振军．中国企业孵化器论．中国社会科学出版社，2000
9 余年生．中外企业孵化器比较研究．云南科技管理，2000
10 Rustam Lalkaka & Jack Bishop. Business Incubator in Economic Development: an initial assessment in industrializing countries. New York, Unite Nations Development Program, Organization of American States & United Nations industrial Development Organization, 1996
11 景俊海．企业孵化器的科学分类及社会关系分析．现代企业管理，2001．1
12 United Nations Committee on Trade and Development. Creating an Enabling Environment for the Development of Enterprises, Geneva. Ad hoc Working Group on the Role of Enterprises in Development, April 1995
13 Jane Jacobs. The death and life of great American cities. Random House Inc., New York, 1993
14 Luger, Michael, and Harve A. Goldstein. Technology in the Garden: Research Parks and Economic Development. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1991
15 钱平凡，李志能．孵化器运作的国际经验与我国孵化器产业的发展对策．管理世界，2000．6
16 周长城，张洪祷．欧盟中小企业技术创新的制度安排．国外社会科学，2001．1
17 谢晓霞．美国政府支持高技术小企业发展的措施及对我国的启示．经济管理，2000．11
18 Aghion, P. Bolton. An incomplete Contracts Approach to Financial Contracting. Review of Economic Studies, 1992
19 Admati, P. Pflelderer. Robust Financial Contracting and the Role of Venture Capitalists. The Journal of Finance, 1994
20 Bergemann, U. Hege. Venture. Capital Financing, Moral Hazard and Learning. Journal of Banking and Finance, 1998
21 王剑华，王宏伟．新世纪孵化器的发展趋势与特点．北方经贸，2001．1
22 叶文，卢强．我国企业孵化器建设与发展浅析．改革与战略，2000．5
23 林强，姜彦福．中国科技企业孵化器的发展及新趋势．科学与研究，2002．4
24 姜杰，陈爱国．两种小企业扶持模式及其启示．文史哲，2000．3
25 Mian, Sarfraz. An Assessment of University-Sponsored Incubators in Supporting the Development of New Technology-based Firm. State University of New York, 1992
26 Roger M. and Cote M.. Growing the next silicon valley. D.C. Heath and Company Lexington, Massachusetts, Toronto, 1987
27 马克P雷斯．成功企业孵化器的原贝屿实践．景俊海．西北大学出版社，1997．10：2
28 颜振军．孵化与奋飞．民族出版社，2000．5：1，4
29 陈守煜．多目标决策模糊集理论与模型．系统工程理论与实践，1992．12(1)：7-13
30 王光远．论综合评判几种数学模型的实质及应用．模糊数学，1984．2(4)：21-25
31 吴望名等．应用模糊集方法．北京师范大学出版社，1985
32 谢建平．论“孵化器”的创新．上海经济研究，2001．9
33 陈年友，田晓红．企业孵化器定位问题研究．科技进步与对策，2001．1
34 李刚，张玉臣，陈德棉．孵化器支撑环境研究．科学技术管理，2001．6
35 杨迎平，李军．科技孵化器机制的创新．研究与发展管理，2000．10
36 盛昭翰，卢锐．企业孵化器与高新技术企业的发展．东南大学学报．2002．3
37 方新．创业与创新．中国人民大学出版社，1998
38 保罗．S．麦耶斯．知识管理与组织设计，珠海出版社，1998