水岩耦合作用下软岩巷道变形机理及其控制研究
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摘要
软岩巷道的围岩控制问题一直困扰着我国煤矿安全、高效生产,是亟待解决的科学技术问题之一。在地下水作用下,巷道围岩变形速度加剧、变形量增大,流变性更加显著,给矿井的安全生产带来了极大的隐患。因此,探索水作用软岩变形机理和围岩控制理论具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文在综述前人相关研究成果的基础上,围绕“水岩耦合作用软岩巷道失稳机理及其控制方法”这一中心课题进行了深入的研究。
主要研究工作及其成果如下：
(1)通过对软岩在不同浸水状态下的物理力学参数测试,获取了软岩在水’作用下的强度和弹性参数的软化规律。分别进行了软岩浸水效果的宏观表象观测试验、水对软岩单轴抗压强度及全程应力应变曲线影响的试验、水对软岩弹性模量影响的试验研究和浸水时间对软岩软化规律影响的试验；
(2)研究了水对软岩蠕变特性的影响。利用SJ-1B三轴仪进行了水岩耦合作用下软岩蠕变实验,分别研究了含水率和孔隙水压力对软岩蠕变特性的影响；
(3)根据实验室测试结果,选取改进的西原蠕变模型来描述水岩耦合作用软岩巷道围岩的蠕变行为。为了有效克服常规最小二乘法在蠕变模型参数识别时遇到的初值问题,基于Matlab平台编写了基于模式搜索理论的最小二乘优化算法,对该蠕变模型进行了参数识别；
(4)利用Visual Studio 2008开发了西原模型xiyuan.dll,并将其嵌入FLAC3D软件的蠕变模型库,实现了利用该模型对软岩蠕变行为的数值模拟；
(5)建立了岩石应力场和渗流场耦合作用下的流固耦合蠕变数学模型,利用FLAC3D调用xiyuan.dll和流固耦合模块对该数学模型进行了数值求解,模拟了水岩耦合作用软岩巷道围岩蠕变变形特征及其控制效果；
(6)软岩巷道变形失稳机理的复杂性决定了软岩巷道控制方法的多样性,综合考虑软岩巷道所处的围岩特性、地质环境和水环境等因素,提出了利用喷浆隔离水、注浆防堵水和控制软岩蠕变的复合支护形式相结合的水岩耦合作用软岩巷道控制方法；
(7)以红庙煤矿六采区回风总排和六区皮带下山掘进工作面为工程背景,利用本文的研究成果,进行了围岩控制方案设计和现场工业试验,验证了方案的可行性。
It is an urgent scientifical problem to be solved for safe and high effective coal mining to control the deformation of soft rock roadway subject to the effect of water. Because water can make the actual stress be bigger than the apparent stress which results in faster convergence speed and larger deformation of surrounding rock, the rheological property of surrounding rock is more obvious. Thus, it threats the safety of coal mining seriously. Therefore, it is rather significant to explore the deformation mechanics and the deformation controlling theory of soft rock subjected to the influence of water. For this reason, the deformation mechanism and the controlling method for soft rock tunnel are deeply studied on the basis of former researchers'achievements.
The main researches and achievements are as follows:
(1) For study the water's contribution to mechanical property and elastic parameter of the soft rock, some soaking tests under different condition are conducted. The results of these tests not only can provide some reasonable mechanical parameters and fully stress-strain curve but also can make us understand the deformation mechanism more deeply and visually.
(2) The effects of pore water pressure on creep characteristics of soft rock are studied. Triaxial creep experimentation for soft rock with water has been processed with SJ-1B device which focus on the pore water pressure on the impact of soft rock creep. The results show that the pore pressure is a dramatic factor which can influence the creeping of soft rock. The existence of pore pressure lowers the initial and maximum creep deformation. The pore pressure also can change the damage shape of the rock from tensility to brittleness.
(3) According to the laboratory test results, the improved K-B model is selected to describe rock creep. In order to solve the initial problem used by normal square method, the code compiled with MATLAB based on least square optimization pattern search method for model parameter identification, has achieved the desired results.
(4) Based on the FLAC3D, this article exploited a code which is called K-B model, and embedded it into the FLAC3D Creep Model Library. Comparing the results of laboratory experiments and simulation results, it is verified the results are in good agreement.
(5) In order to study the losing stability rule of soft-rock tunnel which is under water-rock interaction, this article established the model which consider stress field and seepage flow field of rock body. Then we deduced the finite difference scheme and conducted simulation with FLAC3D software. Finally, the deformation mechanism of the soft rock tunnel was achieved.
(6) The complexity of the soft rock tunnel deformation and destabilization determine the multiplicity of the soft rock tunnel support format. According to the soft rock's environment and instability mechanism of roadway, some tunnel support schemes were designed, which can be used as a primary guidance for other soft rock support engineering.
(7) The research indicated that instability mechanism of ventilation roadway in the sixth mining area of Hong Miao Coal Mine lies in the tectonic stress mechanism and the hydraulics mechanism combined action. Based on the support schemes proposed above, a specific support method was put forward for the roadway and the field test was also carried out. The results show that this scheme has an ideal support effect. The feasibility of the proposed schemes was verified.
主要研究工作及其成果如下：
(1)通过对软岩在不同浸水状态下的物理力学参数测试,获取了软岩在水’作用下的强度和弹性参数的软化规律。分别进行了软岩浸水效果的宏观表象观测试验、水对软岩单轴抗压强度及全程应力应变曲线影响的试验、水对软岩弹性模量影响的试验研究和浸水时间对软岩软化规律影响的试验；
(2)研究了水对软岩蠕变特性的影响。利用SJ-1B三轴仪进行了水岩耦合作用下软岩蠕变实验,分别研究了含水率和孔隙水压力对软岩蠕变特性的影响；
(3)根据实验室测试结果,选取改进的西原蠕变模型来描述水岩耦合作用软岩巷道围岩的蠕变行为。为了有效克服常规最小二乘法在蠕变模型参数识别时遇到的初值问题,基于Matlab平台编写了基于模式搜索理论的最小二乘优化算法,对该蠕变模型进行了参数识别；
(4)利用Visual Studio 2008开发了西原模型xiyuan.dll,并将其嵌入FLAC3D软件的蠕变模型库,实现了利用该模型对软岩蠕变行为的数值模拟；
(5)建立了岩石应力场和渗流场耦合作用下的流固耦合蠕变数学模型,利用FLAC3D调用xiyuan.dll和流固耦合模块对该数学模型进行了数值求解,模拟了水岩耦合作用软岩巷道围岩蠕变变形特征及其控制效果；
(6)软岩巷道变形失稳机理的复杂性决定了软岩巷道控制方法的多样性,综合考虑软岩巷道所处的围岩特性、地质环境和水环境等因素,提出了利用喷浆隔离水、注浆防堵水和控制软岩蠕变的复合支护形式相结合的水岩耦合作用软岩巷道控制方法；
(7)以红庙煤矿六采区回风总排和六区皮带下山掘进工作面为工程背景,利用本文的研究成果,进行了围岩控制方案设计和现场工业试验,验证了方案的可行性。
It is an urgent scientifical problem to be solved for safe and high effective coal mining to control the deformation of soft rock roadway subject to the effect of water. Because water can make the actual stress be bigger than the apparent stress which results in faster convergence speed and larger deformation of surrounding rock, the rheological property of surrounding rock is more obvious. Thus, it threats the safety of coal mining seriously. Therefore, it is rather significant to explore the deformation mechanics and the deformation controlling theory of soft rock subjected to the influence of water. For this reason, the deformation mechanism and the controlling method for soft rock tunnel are deeply studied on the basis of former researchers'achievements.
The main researches and achievements are as follows:
(1) For study the water's contribution to mechanical property and elastic parameter of the soft rock, some soaking tests under different condition are conducted. The results of these tests not only can provide some reasonable mechanical parameters and fully stress-strain curve but also can make us understand the deformation mechanism more deeply and visually.
(2) The effects of pore water pressure on creep characteristics of soft rock are studied. Triaxial creep experimentation for soft rock with water has been processed with SJ-1B device which focus on the pore water pressure on the impact of soft rock creep. The results show that the pore pressure is a dramatic factor which can influence the creeping of soft rock. The existence of pore pressure lowers the initial and maximum creep deformation. The pore pressure also can change the damage shape of the rock from tensility to brittleness.
(3) According to the laboratory test results, the improved K-B model is selected to describe rock creep. In order to solve the initial problem used by normal square method, the code compiled with MATLAB based on least square optimization pattern search method for model parameter identification, has achieved the desired results.
(4) Based on the FLAC3D, this article exploited a code which is called K-B model, and embedded it into the FLAC3D Creep Model Library. Comparing the results of laboratory experiments and simulation results, it is verified the results are in good agreement.
(5) In order to study the losing stability rule of soft-rock tunnel which is under water-rock interaction, this article established the model which consider stress field and seepage flow field of rock body. Then we deduced the finite difference scheme and conducted simulation with FLAC3D software. Finally, the deformation mechanism of the soft rock tunnel was achieved.
(6) The complexity of the soft rock tunnel deformation and destabilization determine the multiplicity of the soft rock tunnel support format. According to the soft rock's environment and instability mechanism of roadway, some tunnel support schemes were designed, which can be used as a primary guidance for other soft rock support engineering.
(7) The research indicated that instability mechanism of ventilation roadway in the sixth mining area of Hong Miao Coal Mine lies in the tectonic stress mechanism and the hydraulics mechanism combined action. Based on the support schemes proposed above, a specific support method was put forward for the roadway and the field test was also carried out. The results show that this scheme has an ideal support effect. The feasibility of the proposed schemes was verified.
引文
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