径向磁悬浮轴承的电磁场分析和结构优化设计
|
摘要
磁悬浮轴承是利用磁场力将转子悬浮于空间,使转子和定子之间没有任何机械接触的一种新型高性能轴承,具有无摩擦、无损耗、无污染、低能耗、低噪声以及寿命长等优点,为了使磁悬浮轴承在更多的工业领域得到较好的应用,使其结构简单并且性能优越,研究降低成本,具有重要的现实意义。本文采用有限元法分析电磁场,然后对径向磁悬浮轴承进行结构优化设计,具体工作包括:
首先,本文给出了磁悬浮轴承的麦克斯韦方程组、边界条件以及用有限元法求解径向磁悬浮轴承的一般步骤,为对磁悬浮轴承进行电磁场分析奠定了基础。用ANSOFT公司出品的MAXWELL软件对径向磁悬浮轴承的转子和定子的结构导致磁路耦合、定子与气隙交界处磁密急剧增加等结构特性进行详尽的有限元分析。
其次,对径向磁悬浮轴承的一般结构设计进行了推导:包括磁性材料的选择、磁悬浮轴承结构的设计、槽型结构的选择、各个结构参数间的关系等,并且对热量损失进行了校验。
第三,根据前述的电磁场分析的结论和径向磁悬浮轴承的一般设计过程,本文提出了两个优化目标:承载力最大和定子外径最小,根据不同的约束条件给出了三个具体的实现算法。
最后,用VisualBasic编写了磁悬浮轴承系统设计软件,此软件包括:径向磁悬浮轴承结构设计、轴向磁悬浮轴承结构设计、控制系统设计和损耗分析,并给出了设计的样机和实验效果。
Active magnetic bearing(AMB) is one of the typical mechatronic products and a new type of high performance bearing which suspends the rotor in a contact-free manner. Since it has many advantages,such as no mechanical contact, no friction, lower power consumption, lasting service life and without environmental pollution. In order to make more magnetic bearings in the industry get a better application, we must make its structure more simple and its performance more excellent, realizing the reunification of performance and cost is an important realistic significance. this paper is to optimization of the design to the radial magnetic bearing structural,from the perspective of starting with the analysis of the electromagnetic field, for making it to better applied to grinder. Details are as follows:
1. Magnetic bearings on the electromagnetic field analysis, given the magnetic bearings of the Maxwell equations and the finite element method with radial magnetic bearing for the general setps.
2. It makes detailed analysis on the structure of radial magnetic bearing by Maxwell by ansoft embraceing, and gets several guiding significance of the conclusions to the design of the structure.
3. It details the general design steps of radial magnetic bearing on the structure, and its thermal equilibrium analysis.
4. Based on the foregoing conclusions of the analysis of the electromagnetic field and radial magnetic bearing the general design process, this paper presents two optimization objectives, and give three specific algorithms.
5. It prepares the magnetic bearing system design software with VisualBasic, and in addition to the design of prototypes and experimental results.
首先,本文给出了磁悬浮轴承的麦克斯韦方程组、边界条件以及用有限元法求解径向磁悬浮轴承的一般步骤,为对磁悬浮轴承进行电磁场分析奠定了基础。用ANSOFT公司出品的MAXWELL软件对径向磁悬浮轴承的转子和定子的结构导致磁路耦合、定子与气隙交界处磁密急剧增加等结构特性进行详尽的有限元分析。
其次,对径向磁悬浮轴承的一般结构设计进行了推导:包括磁性材料的选择、磁悬浮轴承结构的设计、槽型结构的选择、各个结构参数间的关系等,并且对热量损失进行了校验。
第三,根据前述的电磁场分析的结论和径向磁悬浮轴承的一般设计过程,本文提出了两个优化目标:承载力最大和定子外径最小,根据不同的约束条件给出了三个具体的实现算法。
最后,用VisualBasic编写了磁悬浮轴承系统设计软件,此软件包括:径向磁悬浮轴承结构设计、轴向磁悬浮轴承结构设计、控制系统设计和损耗分析,并给出了设计的样机和实验效果。
Active magnetic bearing(AMB) is one of the typical mechatronic products and a new type of high performance bearing which suspends the rotor in a contact-free manner. Since it has many advantages,such as no mechanical contact, no friction, lower power consumption, lasting service life and without environmental pollution. In order to make more magnetic bearings in the industry get a better application, we must make its structure more simple and its performance more excellent, realizing the reunification of performance and cost is an important realistic significance. this paper is to optimization of the design to the radial magnetic bearing structural,from the perspective of starting with the analysis of the electromagnetic field, for making it to better applied to grinder. Details are as follows:
1. Magnetic bearings on the electromagnetic field analysis, given the magnetic bearings of the Maxwell equations and the finite element method with radial magnetic bearing for the general setps.
2. It makes detailed analysis on the structure of radial magnetic bearing by Maxwell by ansoft embraceing, and gets several guiding significance of the conclusions to the design of the structure.
3. It details the general design steps of radial magnetic bearing on the structure, and its thermal equilibrium analysis.
4. Based on the foregoing conclusions of the analysis of the electromagnetic field and radial magnetic bearing the general design process, this paper presents two optimization objectives, and give three specific algorithms.
5. It prepares the magnetic bearing system design software with VisualBasic, and in addition to the design of prototypes and experimental results.
引文
[1]G.施韦策、H.布鲁勒著,虞烈、袁崇军译,主动磁轴承基础、性能及应用,新时代出版社,北京 1997
[2]刘淑琴.转动惯量测试平台磁悬浮系统的研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1999.
[3]Earnshow S.One the nature of the molecular forces which regulate the constitution of the lumiferous ether.Trans.Camb.Phil.Soc,1842(7):97-112.
[4]Kemper H.Overhead suspensior milway with wheelless vehicles employing magnetic suspension from iron rails.Germ,Pat.Nos.1937(643316)and 1937(644302)
[5]Kemper H.Schwebende Aufhangung durch elektromagnetische Kraft;eine Moglich-keit fur eine grundsatzlich neue Forbewegungsart.Elektrotechn.Z.,1938(59):391-395
[6]Beams JW.High rotation speeds.J.Appl.Phys.,1937(8):795-806
[7]Holmes F T.Axial magnetic suspension.Rev.Sci.Inst.1937(8):444-447
[8]Beams J W,Young J L,and Moore J W.The production of high centrifugal fields,J.Appl.Phys,1946,886-890
[9]Gerhards S,Hannes B Alfons T,Active Magnetic Bearing,Hochschulverlag Agander ETH Zurich
[10]Schweitzer G.Eine active magnetisches Rotorlager Auslegung und Anwendung.Mu—nden:Regelungsteclinik,1978(26)
[11]汪希平.电磁轴承系统的参数设计与应用研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1994.
[12]白城均,宋方臻,邵海燕.磁力轴承的发展及应用.济南大学学报,2007(4):38-42
[13]蒋启龙,连级三.电磁轴承及其应用研究综述.重庆大学学报,2004(7):35-40
[14]张钢.磁悬浮支撑技术在机床中的应用.机械工程师,2005,(8):15-20
[15]虞烈.可控磁悬浮转子系统[M].科学出版社,2003.
[16]吴校生.磁悬浮转子微陀螺的设计制造及其特性研究[D].上海交通大学博士论文,2004,10
[17]张庆春,郭树波.基于DSP的有源磁悬浮轴承数字控制系统研究.江苏机械制造与自动化,2001,4:172-176
[18]刘淑琴.磁悬浮轴承技术在电主轴中的应用.机械工人.2005,8:21-23
[19]朱润生,杨作兴等.主动磁轴承电主轴的磨削试验.机械工程学报,2006,(06):33-35
[20]李慧敏,汪希萱.磁悬浮轴承的研究现状和发展趋势.轴承,2003,6:50-52
[21]吴刚,刘昆等.磁悬浮飞轮技术及其应用研究.宇航学报,2005,26(3):385-390
[22]刘迎澍.高速磁悬浮机床主轴的离散变结构控制.控制理论与应用,2002,19(2):304-310
[23]徐龙祥等.H∞控制理论在磁悬浮轴承系统中的应用研究,中国机械工程,2006,17(10):1060-1064
[24]汪希平等.电磁轴承及其系统设计方法,机械工程学报,2002,38(5):1-5
[25]杨静等.单自由度主控式磁悬浮系统分析.西安理工大学学报,1999,15(3):82-85
[26]Chang-Chou Hwang.Analysis of electromagnetic and thermal field for a bus ductSystem.Electric Power Systems Research..1998
[27]K.Masaki.Magnetic field analysis of a resolver with a skewed and eccentric rotor.Sensors and Actuators.2000
[28]Sarma,Mulukutla.Computer-aided analysis of magnetic fields in nonlinear magnetic bearings.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.1978
[29]A.Molenaar,F.Auer,H.F.Beek.Application of Magnetic Bearing for Contactless Ultra High Precision Positioning.Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,Kanazawa,Japan.August28-30,1996
[30]R.Vuillemin,B.Aeschlimann,etc.Low Cost Active Magnetic Bearing for Hard Disk Drive Spindle Motors.Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,MIT,USA.August5-7,1998
[31]Norbert Skricka,,Richard Marchard.Comppensation of Disturbances on Selfsensing Magnetic Bearings Caused by Saturation and coordinate Coupling.Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,ETH Zurich,Switzerland.August23-25,2000
[32]Akira Chiba,Tadashi Fukao.The Maximum Radial Force of Induction Machine Type Bearingless Motor Using Finite Elemennt Analysis.Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,ETH Zurich,Switzerland.August23-26,1994
[33]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安电子科技大学出版社.1998
[34]caxue Xuebao.Analysis of electromagnetic field for thrust electromagnetic bearings.Tribology.2000
[35]Chang-Chou Hwang.Analysis of electromagnetic and thermal field for a bus ductSystem.Electric Power Systems Research..1998
[36]K.Masaki.Magnetic field analysis of a resolver with a skewed and eccentric rotor.Sensors and Actuators.2000
[37]李开泰等,有限元方法及其应用,西安交通大学出版社,1992,
[38]倪光正,钱秀英,电磁场数值计算,高等教育出版社,1996,12
[39]倪光正,钱秀英,电磁场数值计算,高等教育出版社,1996,15
[40]刘国强,赵凌志等,ANSOFT工程电磁场有限元分析,电子工业出版社,2005年8月,前沿
[41]Foam-Zone Hsiao,Chung Chue-Fan,Optimum Magnetic Bearing design considering performance limitations,JSME International Journal,1996,39(3):586-596
[42]J Imlach,MS,PE Allaire,Magnetic Bearing Design Optimization,Imech,1998,C277/88,53-60
[43]唐钟麟,冯志华,吴德龄,电磁轴承优化设计,北京工业大学学报,1993,19(4):95-101
[44]袁崇军,曹洁等,电磁轴承的结构优化设计,机械科学与技术,1995(6):29-36
[45]杨静,林治强,何钦象,径向电磁轴承优化设计,机械设计与研究,2001,17(2):49-50
[46]江大川等,电磁推力支承系统结构参数设计的研究,西安交通大学学报,1997(12):28-31
[47]刘淑琴等,电磁径向轴承结构参数设计研究,机械设计与研究,1998(1):25-28
[48]孙首群,虞烈.径向磁轴承柱槽比优化分析,机床与液压,2002(1):53-55
[49]文湘隆,胡业发,陈龙.径向磁力轴承定子结构参数的确定[J].机械制造,2006(3):25-27
[50]赵宇、柴建云等,高转矩密度横向磁场开关磁阻电机的设计[J].电机与控制应用,2007(5):5-8
[51]胡业发、江征风,径向磁力轴承磁极数的证明,武汉工学院学报,1995(增刊)
[52]Shyh-Leh Chen and Chan-Tang Hsu.Optimal design of a three-pole active magnetic bearing.IEEE Trans.,Magn.2002,38(5):3458-3466
[53]Shyh-Leh Chen,Sung-Hua Chen,and Shi-Teng Yah.Experimental Validation of a urrent-Controlled Three-Pole Magnetic Rotor-Bearing System. IEEE Trans, Magn,2005,41(1):99～112
[54] David C. Meeker, Eric H. Maslen. Analysis and Control of a Three Pole Radial Magnetic Bearing. Proceedings of the Tenth Internationa] Sympositum on Magnetic Bearings,Martigny,Switzerland.2008,8
[55] R. Schob. Magnetic bearing apparatus and a method for operating the same. U.S. Patent 6,130,494.2000.10
[56] R. Schob. Radial active magnetic bearing apparatus and a method for operating the same. U.S.Patent 6,365,996. 2002,4
[2]刘淑琴.转动惯量测试平台磁悬浮系统的研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1999.
[3]Earnshow S.One the nature of the molecular forces which regulate the constitution of the lumiferous ether.Trans.Camb.Phil.Soc,1842(7):97-112.
[4]Kemper H.Overhead suspensior milway with wheelless vehicles employing magnetic suspension from iron rails.Germ,Pat.Nos.1937(643316)and 1937(644302)
[5]Kemper H.Schwebende Aufhangung durch elektromagnetische Kraft;eine Moglich-keit fur eine grundsatzlich neue Forbewegungsart.Elektrotechn.Z.,1938(59):391-395
[6]Beams JW.High rotation speeds.J.Appl.Phys.,1937(8):795-806
[7]Holmes F T.Axial magnetic suspension.Rev.Sci.Inst.1937(8):444-447
[8]Beams J W,Young J L,and Moore J W.The production of high centrifugal fields,J.Appl.Phys,1946,886-890
[9]Gerhards S,Hannes B Alfons T,Active Magnetic Bearing,Hochschulverlag Agander ETH Zurich
[10]Schweitzer G.Eine active magnetisches Rotorlager Auslegung und Anwendung.Mu—nden:Regelungsteclinik,1978(26)
[11]汪希平.电磁轴承系统的参数设计与应用研究.西安交通大学博士学位论文,1994.
[12]白城均,宋方臻,邵海燕.磁力轴承的发展及应用.济南大学学报,2007(4):38-42
[13]蒋启龙,连级三.电磁轴承及其应用研究综述.重庆大学学报,2004(7):35-40
[14]张钢.磁悬浮支撑技术在机床中的应用.机械工程师,2005,(8):15-20
[15]虞烈.可控磁悬浮转子系统[M].科学出版社,2003.
[16]吴校生.磁悬浮转子微陀螺的设计制造及其特性研究[D].上海交通大学博士论文,2004,10
[17]张庆春,郭树波.基于DSP的有源磁悬浮轴承数字控制系统研究.江苏机械制造与自动化,2001,4:172-176
[18]刘淑琴.磁悬浮轴承技术在电主轴中的应用.机械工人.2005,8:21-23
[19]朱润生,杨作兴等.主动磁轴承电主轴的磨削试验.机械工程学报,2006,(06):33-35
[20]李慧敏,汪希萱.磁悬浮轴承的研究现状和发展趋势.轴承,2003,6:50-52
[21]吴刚,刘昆等.磁悬浮飞轮技术及其应用研究.宇航学报,2005,26(3):385-390
[22]刘迎澍.高速磁悬浮机床主轴的离散变结构控制.控制理论与应用,2002,19(2):304-310
[23]徐龙祥等.H∞控制理论在磁悬浮轴承系统中的应用研究,中国机械工程,2006,17(10):1060-1064
[24]汪希平等.电磁轴承及其系统设计方法,机械工程学报,2002,38(5):1-5
[25]杨静等.单自由度主控式磁悬浮系统分析.西安理工大学学报,1999,15(3):82-85
[26]Chang-Chou Hwang.Analysis of electromagnetic and thermal field for a bus ductSystem.Electric Power Systems Research..1998
[27]K.Masaki.Magnetic field analysis of a resolver with a skewed and eccentric rotor.Sensors and Actuators.2000
[28]Sarma,Mulukutla.Computer-aided analysis of magnetic fields in nonlinear magnetic bearings.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.1978
[29]A.Molenaar,F.Auer,H.F.Beek.Application of Magnetic Bearing for Contactless Ultra High Precision Positioning.Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,Kanazawa,Japan.August28-30,1996
[30]R.Vuillemin,B.Aeschlimann,etc.Low Cost Active Magnetic Bearing for Hard Disk Drive Spindle Motors.Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,MIT,USA.August5-7,1998
[31]Norbert Skricka,,Richard Marchard.Comppensation of Disturbances on Selfsensing Magnetic Bearings Caused by Saturation and coordinate Coupling.Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,ETH Zurich,Switzerland.August23-25,2000
[32]Akira Chiba,Tadashi Fukao.The Maximum Radial Force of Induction Machine Type Bearingless Motor Using Finite Elemennt Analysis.Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings,ETH Zurich,Switzerland.August23-26,1994
[33]金建铭.电磁场有限元方法.西安电子科技大学出版社.1998
[34]caxue Xuebao.Analysis of electromagnetic field for thrust electromagnetic bearings.Tribology.2000
[35]Chang-Chou Hwang.Analysis of electromagnetic and thermal field for a bus ductSystem.Electric Power Systems Research..1998
[36]K.Masaki.Magnetic field analysis of a resolver with a skewed and eccentric rotor.Sensors and Actuators.2000
[37]李开泰等,有限元方法及其应用,西安交通大学出版社,1992,
[38]倪光正,钱秀英,电磁场数值计算,高等教育出版社,1996,12
[39]倪光正,钱秀英,电磁场数值计算,高等教育出版社,1996,15
[40]刘国强,赵凌志等,ANSOFT工程电磁场有限元分析,电子工业出版社,2005年8月,前沿
[41]Foam-Zone Hsiao,Chung Chue-Fan,Optimum Magnetic Bearing design considering performance limitations,JSME International Journal,1996,39(3):586-596
[42]J Imlach,MS,PE Allaire,Magnetic Bearing Design Optimization,Imech,1998,C277/88,53-60
[43]唐钟麟,冯志华,吴德龄,电磁轴承优化设计,北京工业大学学报,1993,19(4):95-101
[44]袁崇军,曹洁等,电磁轴承的结构优化设计,机械科学与技术,1995(6):29-36
[45]杨静,林治强,何钦象,径向电磁轴承优化设计,机械设计与研究,2001,17(2):49-50
[46]江大川等,电磁推力支承系统结构参数设计的研究,西安交通大学学报,1997(12):28-31
[47]刘淑琴等,电磁径向轴承结构参数设计研究,机械设计与研究,1998(1):25-28
[48]孙首群,虞烈.径向磁轴承柱槽比优化分析,机床与液压,2002(1):53-55
[49]文湘隆,胡业发,陈龙.径向磁力轴承定子结构参数的确定[J].机械制造,2006(3):25-27
[50]赵宇、柴建云等,高转矩密度横向磁场开关磁阻电机的设计[J].电机与控制应用,2007(5):5-8
[51]胡业发、江征风,径向磁力轴承磁极数的证明,武汉工学院学报,1995(增刊)
[52]Shyh-Leh Chen and Chan-Tang Hsu.Optimal design of a three-pole active magnetic bearing.IEEE Trans.,Magn.2002,38(5):3458-3466
[53]Shyh-Leh Chen,Sung-Hua Chen,and Shi-Teng Yah.Experimental Validation of a urrent-Controlled Three-Pole Magnetic Rotor-Bearing System. IEEE Trans, Magn,2005,41(1):99～112
[54] David C. Meeker, Eric H. Maslen. Analysis and Control of a Three Pole Radial Magnetic Bearing. Proceedings of the Tenth Internationa] Sympositum on Magnetic Bearings,Martigny,Switzerland.2008,8
[55] R. Schob. Magnetic bearing apparatus and a method for operating the same. U.S. Patent 6,130,494.2000.10
[56] R. Schob. Radial active magnetic bearing apparatus and a method for operating the same. U.S.Patent 6,365,996. 2002,4