基于UG的网络数控加工技术
摘要
根据现在网络技术的发展,将数控技术连入网络,实现网络化数控已经势在必行。以往数控系统与设计系统的接口信息采用的是ISO6983标准,即采用G、M代码的数控程序。该标准不包括零件几何形状、刀具路径生成、刀具选择等信息,使CNC与CAD/CAM之间形成瓶颈。而且由于ISO6983标准编程语言集中于刀具中心轨迹的描述所能描述的信息量少,所以这种编程系统不能为零件加工提供更为详细的描述。另外,由于CAD/CAM系统、数控系统及其他的扩展部分之间的数据不能进行双向交换,造成了加工过程中大量信息转换工作重复进行的现象。1997年欧共体通过OPTIMAL计划开发了一种遵从STEP标准、面向对象的数据模型,重新定义了面向对象的数据模型和面向铣削加工的编程界面,提出了S2TEP-NC的概念。STEP-NC将产品数据转换标准STEP扩展至CNC领域,重新定义了CAD/CAM与CNC之间的接口。它要求CNC系统直接使用符合STEP标准(ISO 10303)的CAD三维产品数据模型(包括几何数据、设计和制造特征),加上工艺的信息和刀具信息,直接产生加工程序来控制机床。
本文依据STEP-NC数据标准,主要进行了三个方面的研究,首先是在设计层,根据国际上新的数据标准研究了STEP-NC程序的生成,并利用UG软件进行了零件三维造型参数化设计的二次开发;第二层是通信层,构建了B/S与C/S相结合的网络体系结构,通过以太网实现了开放式数控系统的网络化通信;第三层是车间层,主要研究了基于STEP-NC标准的数控系统的功能设计。文中主要完成了以下工作:
1)根据STEP-NC标准体系及其数据模型、程序文件结构分析了其程序文件的生成,并构建了STEP-NC数控系统结构框架及程序解释器的结构功能与算法分析。
2)本文以南性能通用计算机为远程控制计算机,底层是NC嵌入PC式结构的CNC系统为系统硬件。通过以太网(TCP/IP协议)实现设计层计算机与CNC的通信。
3)以Windows为开发平台,以UGNX为软件平台,VC++为开发工具,结合UG/OPEN API对摆线齿轮进行了参数化建模二次开发,生成基于STEP-NC的加工代码。
4)开发出网络数控服务的平台,并实现数控编程、数据库管理、实时通讯等功能模块。
Under the development of the current network technology, Networked CNC has been imperative. Previous interface information between CNC system and design systems is the ISO6983 standard, that is, using G, M code of the NC program. The standard does not include parts geometry, tool path generation, tool selection, and other information which made a bottleneck between CNC and CAD / CAM.And because ISO6983 standard programming languages concentrated in the descrption of the track of the tool central, which descrips less information. In addition, because the data betweem CAD / CAM system and the NC system or other parts of the expansion can not be carried out in a two-way exchange, resulting in a large amount of information processing in the course of conversion work to repeat In 1997,the EC developed a Compliance with the standards STEP, object-oriented data model, and re-definited the object-oriented data model, and the milling process-oriented programming interface, carried out the concept of STEP-NC. STEP-NC extended the product data transfer standards STEP to the field of CNC, re-definited the interface between the CNC and CAD/CAM.. Which requires CNC system control machine tools with the NC program generated directly from 3D CAD product data model(including the geometric data, design and manufacturing feature) of STEP standard (ISO 10303), information technology and tool information.
Based on STEP-NC data standard,there are mainly three areas of research in this paper. First, in the design layer, the secondary development of cycloidal gear's three-dimensional modeling of the design parameters was carried out. And made research on the generation of STEP-NC program according to the new international data standards; Second, in the communication layer, building a B / S and C / S combination of network architecture, via Ethernet to achieve a system of open CNC network communications;Third, in the workshop layer, made research on the function designing of the CNC system based on the standard STEP-NC. What i finished in this paper was as following:
1) According to STEP-NC standard system、its data models and its program file structure, i analysized generation of the documents,built a STEP-NC NC system architecture framework and analysized the structure and function and algorithm.
2) In this paper, high-performance general computer for remote control computer, in the underlying NC embedded PC-style structure for CNC system hardware. Via Ethernet (TCP / IP protocol) to achieve communication betweem design computer and CNC.
3) With windows for development platform,UGNX for software platform, VC + + for development tools, combining UG / OPEN API, a parametric modeling secondary development of cycloidal gear was carried out. And processing code based on the STEP-NC was generated
4) Developed a network services platform NC, and achieved NC programming, database management, real-time communications, and other functional modules.
本文依据STEP-NC数据标准,主要进行了三个方面的研究,首先是在设计层,根据国际上新的数据标准研究了STEP-NC程序的生成,并利用UG软件进行了零件三维造型参数化设计的二次开发;第二层是通信层,构建了B/S与C/S相结合的网络体系结构,通过以太网实现了开放式数控系统的网络化通信;第三层是车间层,主要研究了基于STEP-NC标准的数控系统的功能设计。文中主要完成了以下工作:
1)根据STEP-NC标准体系及其数据模型、程序文件结构分析了其程序文件的生成,并构建了STEP-NC数控系统结构框架及程序解释器的结构功能与算法分析。
2)本文以南性能通用计算机为远程控制计算机,底层是NC嵌入PC式结构的CNC系统为系统硬件。通过以太网(TCP/IP协议)实现设计层计算机与CNC的通信。
3)以Windows为开发平台,以UGNX为软件平台,VC++为开发工具,结合UG/OPEN API对摆线齿轮进行了参数化建模二次开发,生成基于STEP-NC的加工代码。
4)开发出网络数控服务的平台,并实现数控编程、数据库管理、实时通讯等功能模块。
Under the development of the current network technology, Networked CNC has been imperative. Previous interface information between CNC system and design systems is the ISO6983 standard, that is, using G, M code of the NC program. The standard does not include parts geometry, tool path generation, tool selection, and other information which made a bottleneck between CNC and CAD / CAM.And because ISO6983 standard programming languages concentrated in the descrption of the track of the tool central, which descrips less information. In addition, because the data betweem CAD / CAM system and the NC system or other parts of the expansion can not be carried out in a two-way exchange, resulting in a large amount of information processing in the course of conversion work to repeat In 1997,the EC developed a Compliance with the standards STEP, object-oriented data model, and re-definited the object-oriented data model, and the milling process-oriented programming interface, carried out the concept of STEP-NC. STEP-NC extended the product data transfer standards STEP to the field of CNC, re-definited the interface between the CNC and CAD/CAM.. Which requires CNC system control machine tools with the NC program generated directly from 3D CAD product data model(including the geometric data, design and manufacturing feature) of STEP standard (ISO 10303), information technology and tool information.
Based on STEP-NC data standard,there are mainly three areas of research in this paper. First, in the design layer, the secondary development of cycloidal gear's three-dimensional modeling of the design parameters was carried out. And made research on the generation of STEP-NC program according to the new international data standards; Second, in the communication layer, building a B / S and C / S combination of network architecture, via Ethernet to achieve a system of open CNC network communications;Third, in the workshop layer, made research on the function designing of the CNC system based on the standard STEP-NC. What i finished in this paper was as following:
1) According to STEP-NC standard system、its data models and its program file structure, i analysized generation of the documents,built a STEP-NC NC system architecture framework and analysized the structure and function and algorithm.
2) In this paper, high-performance general computer for remote control computer, in the underlying NC embedded PC-style structure for CNC system hardware. Via Ethernet (TCP / IP protocol) to achieve communication betweem design computer and CNC.
3) With windows for development platform,UGNX for software platform, VC + + for development tools, combining UG / OPEN API, a parametric modeling secondary development of cycloidal gear was carried out. And processing code based on the STEP-NC was generated
4) Developed a network services platform NC, and achieved NC programming, database management, real-time communications, and other functional modules.
引文
[1]卢胜利,王睿鹏,祝玲 现代数控系统--原理、构成与实例[M]北京 机械工业出版社2006.
[2]王正兵、任德,第一讲 开放式体系结构--数控系统发展的潮流[M],制造技术与机床,2002(1)
[3]杨晓京、张仲彦等,开放式微机数控系统实现技术研究[J],昆明理工大学学报,2002.27(1):50-54.
[4]李佳特,数控技术的发展[J],机械工艺师,2001(3):5-7.
[5]张云生,祝晓红,王静网络控制系统[M],重庆重庆大学出版社,
[6]Albert M.STEP NC - The end of GCodes?http://www.mmsonline.com/articles/070001.html
[7]韩江,赵福民,王治森,吴焱明.网络化数控系统的概念及其技术内容[M].中国机械工程,2001,12(10),1141-1145.
[8]桂贵生,杜世昌,新型数控编程数据接口--STEP-NC[J],组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003(3):26-29.
[9]黄翔等UG应用开发教程与实例精解[M]2005.4 2-3
[10]董正卫,田立中,等.UG/Open API编程基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.8.
[11]李玉胜,孙殿柱.UG软件的二次开发研究与应用[J].淄博学院学报,2002,4(2):64-67.
[12]吴家洲,吴波,杨叔子.UG软件的二次开发[J].精密制造与自动化,2002,149(1):29-31.
[13]张军波,莫蓉,等.利用DLL在UG16.0微机版中构造用户函数[J].计算机工程,2001,27(12):46
[14]董学朱 摆线齿轮锥齿轮及准双曲面齿轮设计与制造[M]北京:机械工业出版社2003
[15]李富成 双转子摆线齿廓齿轮式气动马达主要参数设计计算[J]凿岩机械气动工具1999年第3期
[16]宋晓华,周明安 基于UG/OPEN API的齿轮模块开发[J]机械研究与应用 2004年12月
[17]Hardwick M,Loffredo D.STEP into NC[J].Manufac-turing,2001(1):38-50.
[18]Xu X,He q.String for a Tolal Integration of CAD,CAM,CAPP and CNC[J].Robotics and Computer In-terated Manufacturing,2004(20):101-109.
[19]刘日良,张承瑞,王锐.面向STEP-NC的数据处理与仿真平台研发[J].计算机工程,2005,32(21):179-182.
[20]XuX,Mao J.A ST EP-Co mpliantCo ilabo rativeProd-UCt Development System[J].International Conference on Co mputers and Industrial Engineering,2004(2):1-7.
[21]STEP TOOLS Inc.ROSE Library Reference[M].New York:STEP TOOLS Inc.2004.
[22]王军,孙军,聂新刚,等.基于STEP-NC的CNC集成技术研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2005,18(5):591-596.
[23]王军,聂新刚,孙军,等.基于STEP-NC数控编程的实现方法[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2005,21(6):757-761.
[24]Suh S H。Cheon S U.A Framework for An InteLligentCNC and Data Model[J].Adv MantfTechnol,2002(19):727-735.
[25]刘日良,张承瑞,张元才,等.面向STEP-NC控制器的数控加工工艺规划模型[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(4):326-329.
[26]S.H.Suh,B.E.Lee,D.H.Chung,et al.Architectureand implementation of a shop-floor programming system for STEP-compliant CNC[J].Computer-Aided Design,2003,35(12):1069-1083.
[27]S.H.Suh,D.H.Chung,B E Lee,et al.Developing an integrated STEP-compliant CNC prototype[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2002:21(5):350-363.
[28]ISO 14649-10:2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration- Physical Device Control- Data Model for Computerized Numerical Controllers- Part 10:General Process Data 「S].ISOTCI84 / SC1,2003.5.23.
[29]ISO 14649-11:2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration-Physical Device Control- Data Model for Computerized Numerical Controllers- Part 1 1:Process Data for Milling[S].ISO TC184/SC1,2003.5.23.
[30]贾金艳,龙伟,黄劼.一种网络数控系统的研究与软硬件的实现[J].机械,2001,28(3):39-40.
[31]周凯,廖强,陆启建.新一代网络数控系统.机械工艺师[M],2000,6.
[32]黄国庆,蔡英,樊留群,张为民.数控机床的网络化[J].江南大学学报,2002,1(2):150-153.
[33]陈旭,刘加伶.Client/Server与Browser/Server结构的分析与比较[J].重庆工学院学报,2000,14(2):100-103。
[34]吴国普,李志蜀.基于Browser/Server模式的管理信息系统的开发[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1999,36(1):43-48.
[35]杨莹,刘献忠.基于Browser/Server体系结构的XFMIS设计与觌[J].计算机工程,1999,25(7):103-105.
[36]陶桂宝,刘飞,王时龙.基于Internet的网络化制造集成技术[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2001,24(1):12-16
[37]潘越洋.漫谈网络数据库[J].科技情报开发与经济,2003,13(2):87-89.
[38]吕少华.WEB数据库开发与应用[M].第一版.北京:科技出版社,2001.
[39]宋波.Oracle9i JDeveloper Web应用与开发[M].清华大学出版社,2003.1
[40]汪晓平,钟军.ASP网络开发技术[M].人民邮电出版社,2003,10.
[2]王正兵、任德,第一讲 开放式体系结构--数控系统发展的潮流[M],制造技术与机床,2002(1)
[3]杨晓京、张仲彦等,开放式微机数控系统实现技术研究[J],昆明理工大学学报,2002.27(1):50-54.
[4]李佳特,数控技术的发展[J],机械工艺师,2001(3):5-7.
[5]张云生,祝晓红,王静网络控制系统[M],重庆重庆大学出版社,
[6]Albert M.STEP NC - The end of GCodes?http://www.mmsonline.com/articles/070001.html
[7]韩江,赵福民,王治森,吴焱明.网络化数控系统的概念及其技术内容[M].中国机械工程,2001,12(10),1141-1145.
[8]桂贵生,杜世昌,新型数控编程数据接口--STEP-NC[J],组合机床与自动化加工技术,2003(3):26-29.
[9]黄翔等UG应用开发教程与实例精解[M]2005.4 2-3
[10]董正卫,田立中,等.UG/Open API编程基础[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2002.8.
[11]李玉胜,孙殿柱.UG软件的二次开发研究与应用[J].淄博学院学报,2002,4(2):64-67.
[12]吴家洲,吴波,杨叔子.UG软件的二次开发[J].精密制造与自动化,2002,149(1):29-31.
[13]张军波,莫蓉,等.利用DLL在UG16.0微机版中构造用户函数[J].计算机工程,2001,27(12):46
[14]董学朱 摆线齿轮锥齿轮及准双曲面齿轮设计与制造[M]北京:机械工业出版社2003
[15]李富成 双转子摆线齿廓齿轮式气动马达主要参数设计计算[J]凿岩机械气动工具1999年第3期
[16]宋晓华,周明安 基于UG/OPEN API的齿轮模块开发[J]机械研究与应用 2004年12月
[17]Hardwick M,Loffredo D.STEP into NC[J].Manufac-turing,2001(1):38-50.
[18]Xu X,He q.String for a Tolal Integration of CAD,CAM,CAPP and CNC[J].Robotics and Computer In-terated Manufacturing,2004(20):101-109.
[19]刘日良,张承瑞,王锐.面向STEP-NC的数据处理与仿真平台研发[J].计算机工程,2005,32(21):179-182.
[20]XuX,Mao J.A ST EP-Co mpliantCo ilabo rativeProd-UCt Development System[J].International Conference on Co mputers and Industrial Engineering,2004(2):1-7.
[21]STEP TOOLS Inc.ROSE Library Reference[M].New York:STEP TOOLS Inc.2004.
[22]王军,孙军,聂新刚,等.基于STEP-NC的CNC集成技术研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2005,18(5):591-596.
[23]王军,聂新刚,孙军,等.基于STEP-NC数控编程的实现方法[J].沈阳建筑大学学报:自然科学版,2005,21(6):757-761.
[24]Suh S H。Cheon S U.A Framework for An InteLligentCNC and Data Model[J].Adv MantfTechnol,2002(19):727-735.
[25]刘日良,张承瑞,张元才,等.面向STEP-NC控制器的数控加工工艺规划模型[J].中国机械工程,2004,15(4):326-329.
[26]S.H.Suh,B.E.Lee,D.H.Chung,et al.Architectureand implementation of a shop-floor programming system for STEP-compliant CNC[J].Computer-Aided Design,2003,35(12):1069-1083.
[27]S.H.Suh,D.H.Chung,B E Lee,et al.Developing an integrated STEP-compliant CNC prototype[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2002:21(5):350-363.
[28]ISO 14649-10:2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration- Physical Device Control- Data Model for Computerized Numerical Controllers- Part 10:General Process Data 「S].ISOTCI84 / SC1,2003.5.23.
[29]ISO 14649-11:2003 Industrial Automation Systems and Integration-Physical Device Control- Data Model for Computerized Numerical Controllers- Part 1 1:Process Data for Milling[S].ISO TC184/SC1,2003.5.23.
[30]贾金艳,龙伟,黄劼.一种网络数控系统的研究与软硬件的实现[J].机械,2001,28(3):39-40.
[31]周凯,廖强,陆启建.新一代网络数控系统.机械工艺师[M],2000,6.
[32]黄国庆,蔡英,樊留群,张为民.数控机床的网络化[J].江南大学学报,2002,1(2):150-153.
[33]陈旭,刘加伶.Client/Server与Browser/Server结构的分析与比较[J].重庆工学院学报,2000,14(2):100-103。
[34]吴国普,李志蜀.基于Browser/Server模式的管理信息系统的开发[J].四川大学学报(自然科学版),1999,36(1):43-48.
[35]杨莹,刘献忠.基于Browser/Server体系结构的XFMIS设计与觌[J].计算机工程,1999,25(7):103-105.
[36]陶桂宝,刘飞,王时龙.基于Internet的网络化制造集成技术[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2001,24(1):12-16
[37]潘越洋.漫谈网络数据库[J].科技情报开发与经济,2003,13(2):87-89.
[38]吕少华.WEB数据库开发与应用[M].第一版.北京:科技出版社,2001.
[39]宋波.Oracle9i JDeveloper Web应用与开发[M].清华大学出版社,2003.1
[40]汪晓平,钟军.ASP网络开发技术[M].人民邮电出版社,2003,10.