水域垃圾污染治理研究
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摘要
进入21世纪以来,我国水域垃圾污染问题日益严重。水域垃圾已经成了水体污染的重要来源,不仅影响了海洋江河湖泊生态系统,危害到居民健康,还对景观造成了严重的损害。甚至是对航道、大坝造成巨大的威胁,造成严重的经济损失。但由于水域垃圾的污染形式较直观,往往使人忽略了它的危害性。虽然某些地区已经开始意识到问题的严重性,但普遍来说,社会对水域垃圾的重视还不够,各项法律法规还不够完善。所以对我国的水域垃圾进行系统性的研究具有重要意义。
本文从水域垃圾的来源、类别、范围、危害、处理方式等方面进行了系统的介绍,在此项基础上,提出了构建我国水域污染防治体系框架。并对目前水域垃圾治理状况构建了进化博弈模型。最后,对三峡大坝宜昌段的污染状况进行了详细的调查,提出和设计了针对性的防治建议。
在水域垃圾的现状论述中,本文分别介绍了我国海洋水域垃圾和内陆湖泊水域垃圾的共性和区别,参考其它国家的立法以及管理方面的经验,归纳了水域垃圾的各种危害性,分析了目前我们在水域垃圾治理中存在的问题,并简单介绍了水域垃圾的处理流程。
对目前存在的管理部门和污染者的关系,进行了博弈分析。通过进化博弈模型,利用动态分析方法把影响参与者行为的各种因素纳入其模型之中,分别分析了高成本治理与低成本治理时的政府及管理部门与污染排放者的博弈动态过程。
针对目前的水域垃圾治理现状,本文初步构建了包括水域垃圾污染治理政策、治理组织支撑体系和治理技术支撑体系等三个方面的水域垃圾污染治理体系框架。通过立法、市场、公众意识等手段来达到治理的目的。
在对三峡库区(重点是坝前)的漂浮垃圾污染的现状进行调查、分析的基础上,运用进化博弈理论进行了水域垃圾污染治理的实证研究,提出了有针对性的综合整治防范与专项措施。
Since entering the 21st century, the problem of water surface garbage pollution became more serious. Water surface garbage pollution has become an important source of water pollution. Not only the impact of the marine and lake ecosystems, but also endanger the health of residents, the landscape has also resulted in serious damage. Even more important, it is an enormous threat to the dam and fairway, which causing serious economic losses. However, due to the form of the waters surface garbage looks intuitively, people always ignores the harm of it. Although some regions have begun to realize the seriousness of the problem, but generally speaking, the community has not take enough emphasis on the various laws and regulations of water surface garbage. Therefore, the systematic study on water surface garbage is great significance.
In this paper, I take a system introduction on the sources, types, scope, hazards, handling and other aspects of water surface garbage. In this based I construct the China's water pollution control system framework. To the current status and treatment of the water surface garbage, I build a model of evolutionary game. Finally, I made a detailed study on the section of the Three Gorges Dam in Yichang, proposed and designed a targeted prevention and treatment recommendations.
On the discourse of water surface garbage status, this paper introduced the similarities and differences of marine waters surface garbage and inland waters surface garbage. Reference to other countries in the legislative and management experience, I summed up all kinds of harms of water surface garbage, and analysis the current problems in governance of water surface garbage. Finally, make a brief introduction of the waste water processing.
To the current status of the waters surface garbage treatment, this paper initial construction the view of water pollution control spam policy, governance organization and governance support system, technical support system, such as the three aspects of pollution control system framework of water surface garbage. Through legislative, markets, public and other means to achieve the purpose of governance.
To carry out analysis of the existing relationship between departments and polluters, I choose the game theory. Through the evolutionary game model, I consider the impact of the participants to conduct a variety of factors into the model by the use of dynamic analysis. I were analysis the situations of high cost of treatment and low cost of treatment, take the Government departments and the polluters dynamic process into the game theory.
On the investigation of Three Gorges reservoir area (focus on front), I use the evolutionary game theory to analysis the water surface garbage pollution empirical research, put forward a comprehensive improvement of targeted and special precautions measures.
本文从水域垃圾的来源、类别、范围、危害、处理方式等方面进行了系统的介绍,在此项基础上,提出了构建我国水域污染防治体系框架。并对目前水域垃圾治理状况构建了进化博弈模型。最后,对三峡大坝宜昌段的污染状况进行了详细的调查,提出和设计了针对性的防治建议。
在水域垃圾的现状论述中,本文分别介绍了我国海洋水域垃圾和内陆湖泊水域垃圾的共性和区别,参考其它国家的立法以及管理方面的经验,归纳了水域垃圾的各种危害性,分析了目前我们在水域垃圾治理中存在的问题,并简单介绍了水域垃圾的处理流程。
对目前存在的管理部门和污染者的关系,进行了博弈分析。通过进化博弈模型,利用动态分析方法把影响参与者行为的各种因素纳入其模型之中,分别分析了高成本治理与低成本治理时的政府及管理部门与污染排放者的博弈动态过程。
针对目前的水域垃圾治理现状,本文初步构建了包括水域垃圾污染治理政策、治理组织支撑体系和治理技术支撑体系等三个方面的水域垃圾污染治理体系框架。通过立法、市场、公众意识等手段来达到治理的目的。
在对三峡库区(重点是坝前)的漂浮垃圾污染的现状进行调查、分析的基础上,运用进化博弈理论进行了水域垃圾污染治理的实证研究,提出了有针对性的综合整治防范与专项措施。
Since entering the 21st century, the problem of water surface garbage pollution became more serious. Water surface garbage pollution has become an important source of water pollution. Not only the impact of the marine and lake ecosystems, but also endanger the health of residents, the landscape has also resulted in serious damage. Even more important, it is an enormous threat to the dam and fairway, which causing serious economic losses. However, due to the form of the waters surface garbage looks intuitively, people always ignores the harm of it. Although some regions have begun to realize the seriousness of the problem, but generally speaking, the community has not take enough emphasis on the various laws and regulations of water surface garbage. Therefore, the systematic study on water surface garbage is great significance.
In this paper, I take a system introduction on the sources, types, scope, hazards, handling and other aspects of water surface garbage. In this based I construct the China's water pollution control system framework. To the current status and treatment of the water surface garbage, I build a model of evolutionary game. Finally, I made a detailed study on the section of the Three Gorges Dam in Yichang, proposed and designed a targeted prevention and treatment recommendations.
On the discourse of water surface garbage status, this paper introduced the similarities and differences of marine waters surface garbage and inland waters surface garbage. Reference to other countries in the legislative and management experience, I summed up all kinds of harms of water surface garbage, and analysis the current problems in governance of water surface garbage. Finally, make a brief introduction of the waste water processing.
To the current status of the waters surface garbage treatment, this paper initial construction the view of water pollution control spam policy, governance organization and governance support system, technical support system, such as the three aspects of pollution control system framework of water surface garbage. Through legislative, markets, public and other means to achieve the purpose of governance.
To carry out analysis of the existing relationship between departments and polluters, I choose the game theory. Through the evolutionary game model, I consider the impact of the participants to conduct a variety of factors into the model by the use of dynamic analysis. I were analysis the situations of high cost of treatment and low cost of treatment, take the Government departments and the polluters dynamic process into the game theory.
On the investigation of Three Gorges reservoir area (focus on front), I use the evolutionary game theory to analysis the water surface garbage pollution empirical research, put forward a comprehensive improvement of targeted and special precautions measures.
引文
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[8] Pruter,Derraik, J. G. B. The pollution of the marine environment by plastic debris: a review[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2002, 44(9): 842~852
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[10]雷泽辉,肖文.珠江广州河段漂浮物垃圾分布特点及治理策略[J],环境卫生工程, 1999,7(1): 78-80
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[12] Vlietstra, L.S., Parga, J.A., 2002. Long-term changes in the type, but not amount, of ingested plastic particles in short-tailed shearwaters in the southeastern Bering Sea[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin 44, 945~955
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[14] Tomas, J., Guitart, R., Mateo, R., & Raga, J. A. Marine debris ingestion in loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, from the Western Mediterranean[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin,2002,44(3): 211~216.
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[16]孟遂民,高广德,胡兴娥等.三峡工程漂浮物综合治理研究[J], 2002, 12: 8~14
[17] Pruter, A.T. Sources, quantities and distribution of persistent plastics in the marine environment[J]. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 1987, 18: 305~310.
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[19] Moore, CJ. Synthetic polymers in the marine environment: A rapidly increasing, long-term threat[C], Workshop on Plastic World, 2006, 2(108): 131~139
[20] House,M.A,Sangster,E.K.Publicper caption of river corridor management[J]. Journal of the Institute of Water and Environmental Management, 1991, 5(3): 312~317
[21] Dr. Robert Morgan,Hong Bin Liu,coastal aesthetic pollution: a comparison of the UK and China[J],海岸工程, 1999,12: 35
[22] Gordon, M., Eliminating Land-based Discharges of Marine Debris inCalifornia: A Plan of Action from The Plastic Debris Project[C]. California State Water Resources Control Board, Sacramento,2006. CA
[23] Seok-Pyo Yoon,Hak-Sang Lim. Management of dam surface waste generated during heavy rainy season-a case study of Chung-Ju dam in Korea[C],The fourth Asian-pacific landfill symposium, Tongji university press, 2007: 509~515
[24]雷泽辉,肖文.珠江广州河段漂浮物垃圾分布特点及治理策略[J],环境卫生工程,1999, 3(1): 89-91
[25] Hinojosa.IA, Thiel.M. Floating marine debris in fjords, gulfs and channels of southern Chile [J], Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2009, 58(3): 341~350
[26] Santos, IR; Friedrich, A; do Sul, JAI. Marine debris contamination along undeveloped tropical beaches from northeast Brazil[J], Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 148,1-4: 455~462
[27]范志杰,李忠品,张永福.渤海漂浮废物的含量和分布[J],海洋通报, 1990,2,9(1): 68~69
[28] XIANG Shengbin. Analysis of market reform on water area cleaning in shanghai[C]. The fourth Asian-pacific landfill symposium, Tongji university press, 2007: 854~859
[29]陆春晖.水库用清漂机系统设计[J],水利电力机械,2006,11:80
[30]陈燕,赵新泽,邓晓龙.三峡库区漂浮物综合治理方案探讨[J],电力环境保护, 2002.12: 30
[31]童中山,须清华,姜树海等.库区漂浮物运动过程矢量化及运动规律研究[J],水利水电技术
[32]郑雯,韩志梅,赵藏闪.天津市区海河漂浮物现状调查与治理对策研究[J],环境卫生工程, 2001, 9: 123
[33]中华人民共和国交通部,中华人民共和国防治船舶污染内河水域环境管理规定[Z], 2005, 8
[34]重庆市人民政府,重庆市城市水域垃圾管理规定, 2003, 8
[35]范志杰,宋春印.略论国际海洋公约对海洋中塑料垃圾的法律规定[J],海洋与海岸开发, 1990, 10,7(4): 52~55
[36] Brandrup, J., Polymers, polymer recycling, and sustainability[M]. In: Andrady,A.L. (Ed.), Plastics and the Environment. Wiley, New Jersey, USA, 2003: 523~562
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