工业园产业生态化评价指标体系及其升级路径研究
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摘要
进入21世纪,全球人口、资源、环境与工业化加快、经济快速增长的矛盾日益突出,低碳、环保和生态成为新的时代主题。当前,中国水资源、空气污染日益严重,单纯依靠能源、资源无节制消耗的粗放式发展已不可持续,生态友好型、资源节约型发展模式将成为必然。工业园在这一转变过程中将直面已经到来的冲击,众多功能工业园的重组和生态化升级已不可避免。镇江作为长三角腹地,在国家发展战略调整、长三角整体性产业升级和自身经济结构重构等多重因素的压力下,对产业进行生态化升级改造将有利于在未来的发展竞争中抢占先机。
本文在介绍了国内外产业生态研究现状和产业生态理论的基础上,按照“生态位-产业关联-生态化”的研究思路对传统工业园的生态化升级进行了探讨。在多方借鉴已有研究成果和国家相关标准的基础上,为了客观、全面、科学地对生态工业系统进行评价,本文在构建评价指标体系时遵循了如下原则：动态性与静态性相统一,全面性与主要性相结合,系统性与层次性相结合,科学性与可比性相结合,引导性与可操作性相结合,定性与定量相结合。评价指标体系基本框架涉及到3个一级指标(园区综合发展水平、园区可持续发展能力、园区协调共生程度)、10个二级指标(经济绩效水平、环境质量水平、社会发展水平、经济可持续发展能力、环境可持续发展能力、社会可持续发展能力、经济与环境协调程度、环境与社会协调程度、社会与经济协调程度、政策与管理水平)和66个三级指标,采用层次分析法(AHP法)来确定权重系数,通过加权求和的方法进行综合评价。
在上述分析的基础上,本文重点实证分析了镇江新区产业生态化升级的内外条件,深入讨论了其产业生态化改造和升级的路径和方式。结合镇江新区产业结构的实际情况,对新区的主导产业结构进行了详细对比和深入剖析,利用优化后的“生产者、消费者和分解者的资源交换模型”,对镇江新区的广义生态结构进行了估算和详细分析,厘清了镇江新区产业结构生态化升级的基础、影响因素和未来的发展方向。
通过具体分析,镇江新区产业生态系统属于二级产业生态系统的初级阶段,同时三级产业生态系统有一些端倪。考虑到镇江新区的“关联共生”特性,镇江新区的产业生态化建设需要在已经形成的二级产业生态基础上升级已有产业结构,并且要适当提前培养和建设代表三级产业生态系统的企业或产业,引导整个二级产业生态系统的适时转型和升级,从而最终形成可持续发展的低碳经济的三级产业生态系统。本文的结尾给出了镇江新区生态化升级的路径和对策建议。镇江新区可以在既有的产业基础、园区建设上结合国内外的发展机遇,加快园区产业的生态化升级或改造,同时加快现代服务业的建设,从而实现镇江新区经济增长模式的转变,实现镇江新区低碳、环保和可持续的协调发展。镇江新区只有依靠内部发展与外部条件的共同有效作用,才能成功地实现产业生态化升级。
Entering the21st Century, low-carbon, environment protection and ecology become new topics of the era, with the prominent contradiction among global population, resources, environment, industrialization acceleration and rapid economy growth. At present, water resource and air pollution become much worse in China. The extensive development with immoderately consumption of energy and resource is unsustainable, which makes the ecological friendly and resource saving development mode a necessary. The industrial parks shall face the impact during this transition process, which makes the functional reorganization and ecological upgrading unavoidable. As the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, Zhenjiang shall plan and act in industry ecological upgrading to grasp opportunities in future competition, under the multiple pressures of national development strategy adjustment, integrated industrial upgrading in the Yangtze River Delta, its own economic structure reorganization and so on.
This dissertation starts with the discussion of ecological upgrading on traditional industrial park through three-dimensional coordinate research structure with ecological niche, industry association and ecologicalization. The discussion is based on current research situation and theory on industrial ecology at home and abroad. In order to objectively, comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the industrial ecosystem, the following principles should be kept in establishment of evaluation index system:dynamic and static unity, completeness and significance combination, system and hierarchy combination, scientificity and comparability combination, guide and maneuverability combination, qualitative and quantitative combination. This dissertation is mainly present an evaluation index system framework from the angle of theoretical analysis, determine index's weight coefficient by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and makes integrated evaluation by further weighted summation. It specifically relates to3class-Ⅰ indexes, as comprehensive park development level, park sustainable development ability, park coordination degree,10class-Ⅱ indexes, as economic performance level, environmental quality level, social development level, economic sustainable development ability, environmental sustainable development ability, social sustainable development ability, economy and environment coordination degree, environment and society coordination degree, society and economy coordination degree, policy and management level, and66class-Ⅲ indexes.
Guided by above-mentioned analysis, this dissertation emphasizes in empirical analysis the internal and external condition for industrial ecological transformation and upgrading of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. Also, this dissertation deeply discusses the path and method for its industrial ecological transformation and upgrading. Based on its current existing industrial structure, this dissertation compares in details and analyze deeply on its pillar industry structure. By using the optimized Resource Exchange Model of Producer, Consumer and Decomposer, it estimates and analyzes in details on the generalized ecological structure of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. All these works explore the foundation, influence factors and future development direction on industrial structure ecological upgrading of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone.
Through the detailed analysis, this dissertation finds out that the industrial ecological system of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone is in the initial stage of Class II industrial ecological system with some sight of Class-Ⅲ. Considering its characteristics of relevance and intergrowth, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone should upgrade its existing industrial structure based on the already-formed Class-Ⅱ industrial ecological system. Of course, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone should cultivate or construct the enterprises or industries reperesenting Class-Ⅲ industrial ecological system in advance at the same time, to guide the timely transformation and upgrading of the whole Class-II industrial ecological system. Then finally establish sustainable, low-carbon, Class-Ⅲ industrial ecological system. At the end of this dissertation, it offers a series of specific suggestions and proposals on upgrading path for Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. Due to the particularity of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone and difficulties to obtain some data, this article abandons some indexes when analyze its industrial ecological development. In the new index system, different index has different weight. Through specific analysis, result shows that the comprehensive park development level, park sustainable development ability, park coordination degree of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone is gradually increasing from2007to2011. And its industrial ecological development index is also gradually increasing year by year according to collective weighted average. Base on exiting industrial base and park construction, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone shall grasp development opportunities at home and abroad, speed up industrial ecological upgrade or transformation and speed up construction of modern service industry to realize the transformation of economic development growth pattern and low-carbon, environment-friendly and sustainable development. Only with the combination of internal development and external condition, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone will successfully achieve industry ecologically upgrade.
本文在介绍了国内外产业生态研究现状和产业生态理论的基础上,按照“生态位-产业关联-生态化”的研究思路对传统工业园的生态化升级进行了探讨。在多方借鉴已有研究成果和国家相关标准的基础上,为了客观、全面、科学地对生态工业系统进行评价,本文在构建评价指标体系时遵循了如下原则：动态性与静态性相统一,全面性与主要性相结合,系统性与层次性相结合,科学性与可比性相结合,引导性与可操作性相结合,定性与定量相结合。评价指标体系基本框架涉及到3个一级指标(园区综合发展水平、园区可持续发展能力、园区协调共生程度)、10个二级指标(经济绩效水平、环境质量水平、社会发展水平、经济可持续发展能力、环境可持续发展能力、社会可持续发展能力、经济与环境协调程度、环境与社会协调程度、社会与经济协调程度、政策与管理水平)和66个三级指标,采用层次分析法(AHP法)来确定权重系数,通过加权求和的方法进行综合评价。
在上述分析的基础上,本文重点实证分析了镇江新区产业生态化升级的内外条件,深入讨论了其产业生态化改造和升级的路径和方式。结合镇江新区产业结构的实际情况,对新区的主导产业结构进行了详细对比和深入剖析,利用优化后的“生产者、消费者和分解者的资源交换模型”,对镇江新区的广义生态结构进行了估算和详细分析,厘清了镇江新区产业结构生态化升级的基础、影响因素和未来的发展方向。
通过具体分析,镇江新区产业生态系统属于二级产业生态系统的初级阶段,同时三级产业生态系统有一些端倪。考虑到镇江新区的“关联共生”特性,镇江新区的产业生态化建设需要在已经形成的二级产业生态基础上升级已有产业结构,并且要适当提前培养和建设代表三级产业生态系统的企业或产业,引导整个二级产业生态系统的适时转型和升级,从而最终形成可持续发展的低碳经济的三级产业生态系统。本文的结尾给出了镇江新区生态化升级的路径和对策建议。镇江新区可以在既有的产业基础、园区建设上结合国内外的发展机遇,加快园区产业的生态化升级或改造,同时加快现代服务业的建设,从而实现镇江新区经济增长模式的转变,实现镇江新区低碳、环保和可持续的协调发展。镇江新区只有依靠内部发展与外部条件的共同有效作用,才能成功地实现产业生态化升级。
Entering the21st Century, low-carbon, environment protection and ecology become new topics of the era, with the prominent contradiction among global population, resources, environment, industrialization acceleration and rapid economy growth. At present, water resource and air pollution become much worse in China. The extensive development with immoderately consumption of energy and resource is unsustainable, which makes the ecological friendly and resource saving development mode a necessary. The industrial parks shall face the impact during this transition process, which makes the functional reorganization and ecological upgrading unavoidable. As the hinterland of the Yangtze River Delta, Zhenjiang shall plan and act in industry ecological upgrading to grasp opportunities in future competition, under the multiple pressures of national development strategy adjustment, integrated industrial upgrading in the Yangtze River Delta, its own economic structure reorganization and so on.
This dissertation starts with the discussion of ecological upgrading on traditional industrial park through three-dimensional coordinate research structure with ecological niche, industry association and ecologicalization. The discussion is based on current research situation and theory on industrial ecology at home and abroad. In order to objectively, comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the industrial ecosystem, the following principles should be kept in establishment of evaluation index system:dynamic and static unity, completeness and significance combination, system and hierarchy combination, scientificity and comparability combination, guide and maneuverability combination, qualitative and quantitative combination. This dissertation is mainly present an evaluation index system framework from the angle of theoretical analysis, determine index's weight coefficient by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and makes integrated evaluation by further weighted summation. It specifically relates to3class-Ⅰ indexes, as comprehensive park development level, park sustainable development ability, park coordination degree,10class-Ⅱ indexes, as economic performance level, environmental quality level, social development level, economic sustainable development ability, environmental sustainable development ability, social sustainable development ability, economy and environment coordination degree, environment and society coordination degree, society and economy coordination degree, policy and management level, and66class-Ⅲ indexes.
Guided by above-mentioned analysis, this dissertation emphasizes in empirical analysis the internal and external condition for industrial ecological transformation and upgrading of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. Also, this dissertation deeply discusses the path and method for its industrial ecological transformation and upgrading. Based on its current existing industrial structure, this dissertation compares in details and analyze deeply on its pillar industry structure. By using the optimized Resource Exchange Model of Producer, Consumer and Decomposer, it estimates and analyzes in details on the generalized ecological structure of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. All these works explore the foundation, influence factors and future development direction on industrial structure ecological upgrading of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone.
Through the detailed analysis, this dissertation finds out that the industrial ecological system of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone is in the initial stage of Class II industrial ecological system with some sight of Class-Ⅲ. Considering its characteristics of relevance and intergrowth, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone should upgrade its existing industrial structure based on the already-formed Class-Ⅱ industrial ecological system. Of course, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone should cultivate or construct the enterprises or industries reperesenting Class-Ⅲ industrial ecological system in advance at the same time, to guide the timely transformation and upgrading of the whole Class-II industrial ecological system. Then finally establish sustainable, low-carbon, Class-Ⅲ industrial ecological system. At the end of this dissertation, it offers a series of specific suggestions and proposals on upgrading path for Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone. Due to the particularity of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone and difficulties to obtain some data, this article abandons some indexes when analyze its industrial ecological development. In the new index system, different index has different weight. Through specific analysis, result shows that the comprehensive park development level, park sustainable development ability, park coordination degree of Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone is gradually increasing from2007to2011. And its industrial ecological development index is also gradually increasing year by year according to collective weighted average. Base on exiting industrial base and park construction, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone shall grasp development opportunities at home and abroad, speed up industrial ecological upgrade or transformation and speed up construction of modern service industry to realize the transformation of economic development growth pattern and low-carbon, environment-friendly and sustainable development. Only with the combination of internal development and external condition, Zhenjiang Economic and Technological Development Zone will successfully achieve industry ecologically upgrade.
引文
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