发动机进气消声器研究
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摘要
随着汽车噪声控制技术的发展，进气噪声已成为汽车噪声控制的重点。但是目前国内对进气消声的研究还不系统，因此对进气噪声的产生机理及控制技术的研究已经成为一个亟待解决的问题。
本文介绍了进气消声器研究与应用的现状与发展，阐述了进气噪声产生机理及控制的基本理论，研究了Helmholtz共振型进气消声器的原理，立足于Helmholtz共振型进气消声器的共振频率的准确确定，建立了两类四种共振腔模型，并讨论了它们之间的相互推演关系。同时，利用Matlab软件编程计算了四种模型的理论共振频率，从理论上分析了共振腔腔体的尺寸、形状对共振频率的影响及其趋势。在此基础上设计并加工了两类七个共振型进气消声器，研制了发动机进排气消声器性能测试实验台，开发了发动机进排气消声器声学性能测试软件，并在该实验台上测试了所设计的进气消声器静态工况下的传声损失，从实验的角度研究了共振腔的尺寸、形状对其共振频率的影响及其趋势。并针对SC7080A进气噪声的频率特性，设计了三腔并联旁支型进气消声器，使SC7080A车外加速噪声得到有效控制。
研究及应用结果表明，共振腔的结构参数对其共振频率有影响，不同尺寸的腔体要用不同的模型来计算。一维轴向传播理论能够准确预测共振腔的共振频率，从而为正确设计出针对发动机进气噪声频率特性的Helmholtz共振型进气消声器提供依据，达到有效控制发动机进气噪声的目的。
With the development of vehicle noise control technology, engine intake noise con-
trol has become the emphasis. As the research on the subject at home is not clear and systemic, it is important to solve the problem.
This paper has presented the situation of intake silencer research and application and expounded the intake noise engendering cause and the basic theory on controlling the intake noise. Then a research established in the accurate determination of resonance frequencies of different kind of Helmholtz resonators is done. According to different assumptions, four kind of mathematical models are established, and the relations between them are discussed. At the same time, the resonant frequencies of four kinds of resonator are calculated by the programs which are made with Matlab software. The effect of resonator geometrical parameters on resonant frequency is theoretically analyzed. In order to carry out the acoustic and aerodynamics performances tests, seven resonators are designed and made, and a specialized engine intake silencer and exhaust silencers test bench was designed. The tests and analysis are performed as well. On the basis of the intake noise spectrum of SC7080A, a three-parallel-connected resonant silencer is designed, and that has efficiently controlled the acceleration noise of SC7080A.
The research and the application shows that the resonator geometrical parameter has effect on its resonant frequency, and the One dimension(1-D) model can predict the frequency accurately. Therefore, if an engine intake noise spectrum is known, one can design a Helmholtz resonant silencer to control the intake noise.
本文介绍了进气消声器研究与应用的现状与发展，阐述了进气噪声产生机理及控制的基本理论，研究了Helmholtz共振型进气消声器的原理，立足于Helmholtz共振型进气消声器的共振频率的准确确定，建立了两类四种共振腔模型，并讨论了它们之间的相互推演关系。同时，利用Matlab软件编程计算了四种模型的理论共振频率，从理论上分析了共振腔腔体的尺寸、形状对共振频率的影响及其趋势。在此基础上设计并加工了两类七个共振型进气消声器，研制了发动机进排气消声器性能测试实验台，开发了发动机进排气消声器声学性能测试软件，并在该实验台上测试了所设计的进气消声器静态工况下的传声损失，从实验的角度研究了共振腔的尺寸、形状对其共振频率的影响及其趋势。并针对SC7080A进气噪声的频率特性，设计了三腔并联旁支型进气消声器，使SC7080A车外加速噪声得到有效控制。
研究及应用结果表明，共振腔的结构参数对其共振频率有影响，不同尺寸的腔体要用不同的模型来计算。一维轴向传播理论能够准确预测共振腔的共振频率，从而为正确设计出针对发动机进气噪声频率特性的Helmholtz共振型进气消声器提供依据，达到有效控制发动机进气噪声的目的。
With the development of vehicle noise control technology, engine intake noise con-
trol has become the emphasis. As the research on the subject at home is not clear and systemic, it is important to solve the problem.
This paper has presented the situation of intake silencer research and application and expounded the intake noise engendering cause and the basic theory on controlling the intake noise. Then a research established in the accurate determination of resonance frequencies of different kind of Helmholtz resonators is done. According to different assumptions, four kind of mathematical models are established, and the relations between them are discussed. At the same time, the resonant frequencies of four kinds of resonator are calculated by the programs which are made with Matlab software. The effect of resonator geometrical parameters on resonant frequency is theoretically analyzed. In order to carry out the acoustic and aerodynamics performances tests, seven resonators are designed and made, and a specialized engine intake silencer and exhaust silencers test bench was designed. The tests and analysis are performed as well. On the basis of the intake noise spectrum of SC7080A, a three-parallel-connected resonant silencer is designed, and that has efficiently controlled the acceleration noise of SC7080A.
The research and the application shows that the resonator geometrical parameter has effect on its resonant frequency, and the One dimension(1-D) model can predict the frequency accurately. Therefore, if an engine intake noise spectrum is known, one can design a Helmholtz resonant silencer to control the intake noise.
引文
[1]张宇，苏清祖，汪文国．车辆噪声与控制．机械设计与制造工程．1999(2)．V0128：44—46
[2]ECE R No．51 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Motor Vehicles Having
at Least Four Wheels With Regard to Their Noise Emisson．Geneva：United
Nat ion，1982，1988，1995
[3]Jost Kevin．Measuring Vehicle Pass—by Noise．Automotive Engineering，1995(3)
[4]孙林．国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展．汽车j J：程，2000(Vol 22)No．3．PP．154—158
[5]朱益比，郑启福．内燃机噪声控制技术及进展．小型内燃机，1994(Vol 23)No．6．pp．32—37
[6]邵恩坡，科汉华．发动机进气噪卢的产生的机理及其控制．小型内燃机，1994(Vol 23)
NO．4．pp．44—47
[7]林进修，林晓．空气滤清器与进气消卢．汽车研究与开发．汽车研究与开
发，1996(6)。PP．32—37
【8】乔林．柴油发电机组噪声控制．电信建设．2001．6
[9】 Nishio，Yoshitaka．New approach to low-noise air intake system development．SAE
Transactions V i00 n Sect 6 1991 P1388‘。1400 0096——736X
[10】施展．车用空气滤清器．小型内燃机，1994，No．6(V01．23)
[11]马人猷主编．噪声控制学．北京：科学出版社，1987
『121 Siemens For Immediate Release．"州．siemensauto．com．09—12—2001
[13】黄其柏．汽车排气消声器优化设计．武汉工学院学报，1989(4)
[14】马人猷．噪卢控制新进展．噪声与振动控制，1994，No．1
【15]方丹样．空气动力性噪声与消声器．北京：科学出版社，1978
[161[苏]B．H．鲁}宁，B．H．占道车夫等．汽车噪声控制．北京：机械卜业出版社，1991
『171施引，朱，fi坚，何琳．船舶动力机械噪声及其控制．北京：国防一业出出版社，1990．
PP．153—154．
[18]赵松龄．噪卢的降低与隔离(下)．上海：同济人学出版社，1989．PP．60，64—70
[19]戴要华，田瑞，李鹭，王清理，朱之墀．带旁通的管道中的卢能流及传声损失I：理论分析．
声学学报，1995(V01．20)NO．4．PP．244—249
[20]田瑞，戴要华，千清理，朱之墀．带旁通的管道中的声能流及传声损失II：实验研究．声
学学报，1995(V01．20)NO．5．PP．385—392
[21】Lori A．Brady．Application of the Herschel—Quincke Tube Concept to Higher—Order
Acoustic Modes in Two—Dimensional Ducts．Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University，l March 2002
[22]Inguard．U．，1953．On the theory and design of acoustic resonators．Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America，25(6)，PP．1037—1061．
[23]Alster．M．，1972．Improved calculation of resonant frequencies of Helmholtz
resonators．Journal of Sound and Vibration，24(1)，pp．63—68．
[24]Monkewitz．P．A．andNguyen-Vo．N．M．．1985．The response of Helmholtz resonators to
external excitation．Part l，Single resonators．
[25]李伟，邓兆祥，杨诚等．专利号：ZL00264613．7．国家专利局，2001．儿
[26]陈海娥，刘金玉．空气滤清器对发动机性能的影响及亥姆赫兹谐振器的使用．汽车技术，
2001(5)．
[27]刘恩泽，严济宽， 陈端石．噪声主动控制系统研究概况及发展趋势．噪声与振动控制，
1 996(3)．PP．2-6
[28】钱人一．汽车发动机噪声控制．上海：同济大学出版社，1997．7
[29]何渝生，邓兆祥等．汽车噪声控制．北京：机械工业出版社，1995．pp．74-75，18—19
[30]徐兀．汽车振动和噪声控制．北京：人民交通出版社，1987．PP．163—164
[31】Daniele Bortohzzi，Vittore Cossalter and Alberto Doria．The effect of Tunable
Resonators on the Volumetric Efficiency of and Engine．SAE983045，1998．
[32]何祚镛，赵玉芳．声学理论基础．北京：国防jr业出版社，1981．PP．51—58，122-130，96一i00
[33]杜功焕，朱哲氏，龚秀芬．声学基础(下)．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1981．PP．44-62
[34][美]P．M．莫尔斯，K．U．英格特．杨训仁，吕如榆，戴根华译．理论声学(下)．科学出版
社，1986．9．PP．580—607，656，677—679，577
[35]Chen，K．，Chen，Y．，L in，K．，and Weng，C．．The Improvement on the Transmi ss ion Loss of
a Duct by Adding Helmholtz Resonators．J．Acoust．Soc．Am．，i01(1)，1998，PP。71—82
[36]A．Selamet，N．S．Dickey，and P．M．Radavich．Theoretical， Computational and
￡xperimental InvestigatiOn of Helmholtz Resonators： One—Dimensional versus
Mult卜Dimensional Approach．SAE940612，1994．
[37]A．Selamet and P．M．Radavich．Helmholtz Resonator： A Computat ional， and
Experimental Study．SAE951263，1995．
[38]L．Kinsler，A．Frey，A．Coppens and J．Sanders Fundamental of Acoustics．New York：
John Wiley，third edition．1982
[39]Panton，R．L．，and Miller，J．i．．Resonant frequencies of cylindrical Helmholtz
resonators．J．Acoust．Soc．Am．，57(6)，1972，PP．1533—1535
[40]A．Selamet，P．M．Radavich，N．S．Dickey and J．M．Novak．Circular concentric Helmholtz
resonators．J．Acoust．Soc．Am．，i01(1)，1997，PP．41—51
[41]A．Selamet，N．S．Dickey，and J．M．Novak． Computational simulation of Helmholtz
resonators: lumped versus distributed volume. In Proceedings of NOISE-CON 93,
H.H. Hubbard, editor, 1993, pp. 247-252.
[42] A. Selamet, N.S. Dickey, and J. M. Novak. Theoretical, Computational and Experimental
Investigation of Helmholtz Resonators with fixed volume:lumped versus distributed
analysis. J. Sound Vib. 187(2),1995, pp. 358-367.
[43] Steve Griffin, Steven A. Lane and Steve Huybrechts. Coupled Helmholtz Resonators
for Acoustic Attenuation. J. Vib. and Acout., Voi. 123, 2001, pp. ll-17.
[44] ~21~. ~-)~~[~{~5JI~ (JK). _h~: ~J [45] P.M. Morse. Vibration and Sound. Acoustical Society of America, 1981.
[46] R.C. Chanaud. Effects of Geometry on The Resonance Frequency of Helmholtz
Resonators. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 178(3),1994, pp. 337-348.
[47J R.C. Chanaud. Effects of Geometry on The Resonance Frequency of Helmholtz
Resonators, Part If. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 204(5),1997, pp. 829-834.
[48] [~-] P.M. ~<~, K.U. ~:. ~I[~., ~U~, ~~. ~%~: (-~) ~ ~4~
}~, 1986.9. p. 452
[49] Davide Rocchesso. Simple resonators with shape control. 2002.
[50] P.A. Rusch and A.K. Dhingra. Numerical and Experimental and Flow Performance of
Intake Systmes. Journal of Vibration and Acoustics. Vol. 124,2002, pp. 334-339.
[51] Chung, J.Y. and Blaser, D.A..Transfer function method of measuring in-duct
acoustic properties: I Theory. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America.
68(3),1980, pp. 907-913.
[52] ASTM-lO50-90,1990, Standard Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of
Acoustical Materials Using a Tube, Two Microphones, and a Digital Frequency
Analysis System, ASTM Committee on Standards, West Conshohocken, PA.
[53] ~;~N~. SC7080A ~9~,1~,~-~~. ~F~:,L'~:~:Ii~'~eI~. 2000. tO.
pp. 22-30
[54] R~E}$, ~K~, ,~-. ~-~~,7~E~6~'~,,,}~,~$~_,~.~. ~'~,,}~, 1994.2
[55] Xg~$, ~~.~-n~N~N#~N~~K~.'~-:II~., 1994, 16(5).
pp. 283-288
[2]ECE R No．51 Uniform Provisions Concerning the Approval of Motor Vehicles Having
at Least Four Wheels With Regard to Their Noise Emisson．Geneva：United
Nat ion，1982，1988，1995
[3]Jost Kevin．Measuring Vehicle Pass—by Noise．Automotive Engineering，1995(3)
[4]孙林．国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展．汽车j J：程，2000(Vol 22)No．3．PP．154—158
[5]朱益比，郑启福．内燃机噪声控制技术及进展．小型内燃机，1994(Vol 23)No．6．pp．32—37
[6]邵恩坡，科汉华．发动机进气噪卢的产生的机理及其控制．小型内燃机，1994(Vol 23)
NO．4．pp．44—47
[7]林进修，林晓．空气滤清器与进气消卢．汽车研究与开发．汽车研究与开
发，1996(6)。PP．32—37
【8】乔林．柴油发电机组噪声控制．电信建设．2001．6
[9】 Nishio，Yoshitaka．New approach to low-noise air intake system development．SAE
Transactions V i00 n Sect 6 1991 P1388‘。1400 0096——736X
[10】施展．车用空气滤清器．小型内燃机，1994，No．6(V01．23)
[11]马人猷主编．噪声控制学．北京：科学出版社，1987
『121 Siemens For Immediate Release．"州．siemensauto．com．09—12—2001
[13】黄其柏．汽车排气消声器优化设计．武汉工学院学报，1989(4)
[14】马人猷．噪卢控制新进展．噪声与振动控制，1994，No．1
【15]方丹样．空气动力性噪声与消声器．北京：科学出版社，1978
[161[苏]B．H．鲁}宁，B．H．占道车夫等．汽车噪声控制．北京：机械卜业出版社，1991
『171施引，朱，fi坚，何琳．船舶动力机械噪声及其控制．北京：国防一业出出版社，1990．
PP．153—154．
[18]赵松龄．噪卢的降低与隔离(下)．上海：同济人学出版社，1989．PP．60，64—70
[19]戴要华，田瑞，李鹭，王清理，朱之墀．带旁通的管道中的卢能流及传声损失I：理论分析．
声学学报，1995(V01．20)NO．4．PP．244—249
[20]田瑞，戴要华，千清理，朱之墀．带旁通的管道中的声能流及传声损失II：实验研究．声
学学报，1995(V01．20)NO．5．PP．385—392
[21】Lori A．Brady．Application of the Herschel—Quincke Tube Concept to Higher—Order
Acoustic Modes in Two—Dimensional Ducts．Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the
Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University，l March 2002
[22]Inguard．U．，1953．On the theory and design of acoustic resonators．Journal of the
Acoustical Society of America，25(6)，PP．1037—1061．
[23]Alster．M．，1972．Improved calculation of resonant frequencies of Helmholtz
resonators．Journal of Sound and Vibration，24(1)，pp．63—68．
[24]Monkewitz．P．A．andNguyen-Vo．N．M．．1985．The response of Helmholtz resonators to
external excitation．Part l，Single resonators．
[25]李伟，邓兆祥，杨诚等．专利号：ZL00264613．7．国家专利局，2001．儿
[26]陈海娥，刘金玉．空气滤清器对发动机性能的影响及亥姆赫兹谐振器的使用．汽车技术，
2001(5)．
[27]刘恩泽，严济宽， 陈端石．噪声主动控制系统研究概况及发展趋势．噪声与振动控制，
1 996(3)．PP．2-6
[28】钱人一．汽车发动机噪声控制．上海：同济大学出版社，1997．7
[29]何渝生，邓兆祥等．汽车噪声控制．北京：机械工业出版社，1995．pp．74-75，18—19
[30]徐兀．汽车振动和噪声控制．北京：人民交通出版社，1987．PP．163—164
[31】Daniele Bortohzzi，Vittore Cossalter and Alberto Doria．The effect of Tunable
Resonators on the Volumetric Efficiency of and Engine．SAE983045，1998．
[32]何祚镛，赵玉芳．声学理论基础．北京：国防jr业出版社，1981．PP．51—58，122-130，96一i00
[33]杜功焕，朱哲氏，龚秀芬．声学基础(下)．上海：上海科学技术出版社，1981．PP．44-62
[34][美]P．M．莫尔斯，K．U．英格特．杨训仁，吕如榆，戴根华译．理论声学(下)．科学出版
社，1986．9．PP．580—607，656，677—679，577
[35]Chen，K．，Chen，Y．，L in，K．，and Weng，C．．The Improvement on the Transmi ss ion Loss of
a Duct by Adding Helmholtz Resonators．J．Acoust．Soc．Am．，i01(1)，1998，PP。71—82
[36]A．Selamet，N．S．Dickey，and P．M．Radavich．Theoretical， Computational and
￡xperimental InvestigatiOn of Helmholtz Resonators： One—Dimensional versus
Mult卜Dimensional Approach．SAE940612，1994．
[37]A．Selamet and P．M．Radavich．Helmholtz Resonator： A Computat ional， and
Experimental Study．SAE951263，1995．
[38]L．Kinsler，A．Frey，A．Coppens and J．Sanders Fundamental of Acoustics．New York：
John Wiley，third edition．1982
[39]Panton，R．L．，and Miller，J．i．．Resonant frequencies of cylindrical Helmholtz
resonators．J．Acoust．Soc．Am．，57(6)，1972，PP．1533—1535
[40]A．Selamet，P．M．Radavich，N．S．Dickey and J．M．Novak．Circular concentric Helmholtz
resonators．J．Acoust．Soc．Am．，i01(1)，1997，PP．41—51
[41]A．Selamet，N．S．Dickey，and J．M．Novak． Computational simulation of Helmholtz
resonators: lumped versus distributed volume. In Proceedings of NOISE-CON 93,
H.H. Hubbard, editor, 1993, pp. 247-252.
[42] A. Selamet, N.S. Dickey, and J. M. Novak. Theoretical, Computational and Experimental
Investigation of Helmholtz Resonators with fixed volume:lumped versus distributed
analysis. J. Sound Vib. 187(2),1995, pp. 358-367.
[43] Steve Griffin, Steven A. Lane and Steve Huybrechts. Coupled Helmholtz Resonators
for Acoustic Attenuation. J. Vib. and Acout., Voi. 123, 2001, pp. ll-17.
[44] ~21~. ~-)~~[~{~5JI~ (JK). _h~: ~J
[46] R.C. Chanaud. Effects of Geometry on The Resonance Frequency of Helmholtz
Resonators. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 178(3),1994, pp. 337-348.
[47J R.C. Chanaud. Effects of Geometry on The Resonance Frequency of Helmholtz
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