自组织网络环境下TCP协议的研究与改进
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摘要
随着网络技术的发展,移动自组织网络逐渐从军事领域扩展到了商用、民用等领域,特别是在移动设备的处理能力快速增长和价格急剧下降的情况下,人们逐渐开始认识到了使用移动自组网的便捷与高效,因此,对移动网络特别是自组织网络组件的开发成为当前网络研究的热点。
移动自组织网络具有无需固定基础设施、无需注册随时随地自由组网、网络成员间具有平等的地位等其它网络结构不可比拟的优势,但是同时也在分布式动态管理、节能、有限带宽的利用、安全性等几个方面提出了更高的要求,本文就是对其中TCP协议的拥塞控制算法进行研究,针对算法中不适应移动自组织网络的地方进行研究和改进,进而提高移动自组织网络成员间数据传送速率。
本文从介绍移动自组织网络、TCP协议以及网络仿真平台Network Simulator2等关键技术开始,详尽的分析了他们的特点,总结了TCP协议在移动自组织网络中存在问题的原因,并且介绍了近年来在移动自组织网络中对TCP协议的一些改进思路。
文章在分析了传统TCP和改进TCP拥塞控制算法的基础上,分析总结了各种拥塞算法的优点缺点,并形成了本文对算法的改进思路。本文在算法的改进方面有3个特点:减少了ACK个数、减少乱序中已经正确处理的报文的重发次数以及报文段中增加了控制/状态位以供通讯双方判断当前网络状态。最后文中对几个TCP版本以及本文改进在Network Simulator 2平台上进行了模拟仿真,并且从得到实验数据上看,改进版本在多跳实验环境下取得了良好的效果,提高了数据传送速率,在8跳实验中比vegas版本提高了将近10%的吞吐率。
The mobile self-organization network(MSON for short) doesn't used only in military but become common in commercial and civil because of the development of network technology. Profit from the higher processing speed and lower price, more and more people become understand the efficiency and comfortable of MSON. For this reason, many researchers are interested in the components developing of MSON.
MSON dosen't need static equipment, users don't have to regist, there always be on an equality between nodes. In the same time, it needs higher focused on distribute and dynamic management, energy, bandwidth and security. For this reason, the thesis will discuss and modify congestion arithmetic until it can improve the throughput.
The thesis begins with the key technology: MSON, TCP protocol and Network Simulator. It introduces particular how they work and what's their characteristic. It summarizes the reason why TCP can't work well on MSON, and then lists some modifications appeared these years.
The thesis analyses traditional TCPs and some modifications and then compares all TCPs their advantages and disadvantages. Finally we finish the idea on betterment of congestion arithmetic. It decreases ACKs, decreases resending packages which have been handled correctly, and adds control/status bits to package header for the use of helping estimating the network status. In the end we test some TCPs and our modification on NS2. We can analyse from the experiments' data that our modification can do better in multi-steps experiment. It can incease 10% of throughput in 8-steps experiment compare with Vegas.
移动自组织网络具有无需固定基础设施、无需注册随时随地自由组网、网络成员间具有平等的地位等其它网络结构不可比拟的优势,但是同时也在分布式动态管理、节能、有限带宽的利用、安全性等几个方面提出了更高的要求,本文就是对其中TCP协议的拥塞控制算法进行研究,针对算法中不适应移动自组织网络的地方进行研究和改进,进而提高移动自组织网络成员间数据传送速率。
本文从介绍移动自组织网络、TCP协议以及网络仿真平台Network Simulator2等关键技术开始,详尽的分析了他们的特点,总结了TCP协议在移动自组织网络中存在问题的原因,并且介绍了近年来在移动自组织网络中对TCP协议的一些改进思路。
文章在分析了传统TCP和改进TCP拥塞控制算法的基础上,分析总结了各种拥塞算法的优点缺点,并形成了本文对算法的改进思路。本文在算法的改进方面有3个特点:减少了ACK个数、减少乱序中已经正确处理的报文的重发次数以及报文段中增加了控制/状态位以供通讯双方判断当前网络状态。最后文中对几个TCP版本以及本文改进在Network Simulator 2平台上进行了模拟仿真,并且从得到实验数据上看,改进版本在多跳实验环境下取得了良好的效果,提高了数据传送速率,在8跳实验中比vegas版本提高了将近10%的吞吐率。
The mobile self-organization network(MSON for short) doesn't used only in military but become common in commercial and civil because of the development of network technology. Profit from the higher processing speed and lower price, more and more people become understand the efficiency and comfortable of MSON. For this reason, many researchers are interested in the components developing of MSON.
MSON dosen't need static equipment, users don't have to regist, there always be on an equality between nodes. In the same time, it needs higher focused on distribute and dynamic management, energy, bandwidth and security. For this reason, the thesis will discuss and modify congestion arithmetic until it can improve the throughput.
The thesis begins with the key technology: MSON, TCP protocol and Network Simulator. It introduces particular how they work and what's their characteristic. It summarizes the reason why TCP can't work well on MSON, and then lists some modifications appeared these years.
The thesis analyses traditional TCPs and some modifications and then compares all TCPs their advantages and disadvantages. Finally we finish the idea on betterment of congestion arithmetic. It decreases ACKs, decreases resending packages which have been handled correctly, and adds control/status bits to package header for the use of helping estimating the network status. In the end we test some TCPs and our modification on NS2. We can analyse from the experiments' data that our modification can do better in multi-steps experiment. It can incease 10% of throughput in 8-steps experiment compare with Vegas.
引文
[1]第19次中国互联网络发展统计报告.http://www.cnnic.cn/html/Dir/2007/01/22/4395.htm
[2]郑少仁著.Ad Hoc网络技术.人民邮电出版社.2005年1月.
[3]于宏毅著.无线自组织网.人民邮电出版社.2005年4月.
[4]兰少华著.TCP/IP网络与协议.清华大学出版社.2006年1月.
[5](美)莱特,(美)史蒂文斯著.陆雪莹等译.TCP/IP详解第一卷.机械工业出版社.2002年6月.
[6]RFC2001.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2001.txt
[7]RFC2581.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2581.txt
[8]RFC2582.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2582.txt
[9]RFC2018.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2018.txt
[10]Lawrence S.Brakmo,Sean W.O'Mally,Larry Peterson.TCP Vegas:New Techniques for Congestion Detection and Aviodance.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.1994.
[11]孟川杰著.TCP Vegas的拥塞控制算法研究.硕士学位论文.2006年5月.
[12]N K G Samaraweera.Non-congestion packet loss detection for TCP error recovery using wireless links.IEEE Proceedings-Communication.1999.
[13]Chrungoo A.TCP k-SACK:a simple protocol to improve performance over lossy links.GLOBECOM.2001.
[14]Gerla M.TCP Westwood:congestion window control using bandwidth estimation.GLOBECOM.2001.
[15]屠昊著.无线网络中TCP拥塞控制机制的研究与实现.硕士学位论文.2006年3月.
[16]徐昌彪著.无线网络下TCP核心技术的研究.博士学位论文.2002年10月.
[17]WANG F,ZHANG YG.Improving TCP Perfomance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Out-of-Order Detection and Response.Mobihoc.2002.
[18]S.Floyd.A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification(ECN)to IP.RFC2481.1999,
[19]K.Chandran,S.Raghunathan,S.Venkatesan,R.Prakash.A feedback based scheme for improving TCP performance in Ad-Hoc wireless networks.ICDCS.1998.
[20]HOLLAND G,VAIDYA N.Analysis of TCP Performance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.MOBICOM.1999.
[21]Jian Liu,Suresh Singh.ATCP:TCP for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.IEEE.2001.
[22]Chengzhou Li,Symeon Papavassiliou.The Link Signal Strength Agent(LSSA)Protocol for TCP implementation in wireless mobile ad hoc networks.IEEE.2001.
[23]The cmu monarch project.http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu
[24]K.Fall,K.Varadhan.NS Notes and Documentation.LBNL.1998.http://www-mash.cs.berkeley.edu/ns
[25]王伟伟著.Ad hoc网络环境下的TCP性能分析及改进.硕士毕业论文.2005年4月.
[26]黄琼等著.NS不同版本对TCP仿真性能的影响.重庆邮电学院学报.2005年6月.
[27]http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2007-August.txt
[28]Gavriel Salvendy.Human-Computer Interaction:User Centered Design and Evaluation.2003.
[29]徐雷鸣等著.NS与网络模拟.人民邮电出版社.2003年11月.
[30]NS examples.http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/
[31]Tutorial for the NS.http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/index.html
[32]秦冀,姜雪松著.移动IP技术与NS-2模拟.机械工业出版社.2006年9月.
[2]郑少仁著.Ad Hoc网络技术.人民邮电出版社.2005年1月.
[3]于宏毅著.无线自组织网.人民邮电出版社.2005年4月.
[4]兰少华著.TCP/IP网络与协议.清华大学出版社.2006年1月.
[5](美)莱特,(美)史蒂文斯著.陆雪莹等译.TCP/IP详解第一卷.机械工业出版社.2002年6月.
[6]RFC2001.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2001.txt
[7]RFC2581.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2581.txt
[8]RFC2582.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2582.txt
[9]RFC2018.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2018.txt
[10]Lawrence S.Brakmo,Sean W.O'Mally,Larry Peterson.TCP Vegas:New Techniques for Congestion Detection and Aviodance.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking.1994.
[11]孟川杰著.TCP Vegas的拥塞控制算法研究.硕士学位论文.2006年5月.
[12]N K G Samaraweera.Non-congestion packet loss detection for TCP error recovery using wireless links.IEEE Proceedings-Communication.1999.
[13]Chrungoo A.TCP k-SACK:a simple protocol to improve performance over lossy links.GLOBECOM.2001.
[14]Gerla M.TCP Westwood:congestion window control using bandwidth estimation.GLOBECOM.2001.
[15]屠昊著.无线网络中TCP拥塞控制机制的研究与实现.硕士学位论文.2006年3月.
[16]徐昌彪著.无线网络下TCP核心技术的研究.博士学位论文.2002年10月.
[17]WANG F,ZHANG YG.Improving TCP Perfomance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Out-of-Order Detection and Response.Mobihoc.2002.
[18]S.Floyd.A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification(ECN)to IP.RFC2481.1999,
[19]K.Chandran,S.Raghunathan,S.Venkatesan,R.Prakash.A feedback based scheme for improving TCP performance in Ad-Hoc wireless networks.ICDCS.1998.
[20]HOLLAND G,VAIDYA N.Analysis of TCP Performance over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.MOBICOM.1999.
[21]Jian Liu,Suresh Singh.ATCP:TCP for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks.IEEE.2001.
[22]Chengzhou Li,Symeon Papavassiliou.The Link Signal Strength Agent(LSSA)Protocol for TCP implementation in wireless mobile ad hoc networks.IEEE.2001.
[23]The cmu monarch project.http://www.monarch.cs.cmu.edu
[24]K.Fall,K.Varadhan.NS Notes and Documentation.LBNL.1998.http://www-mash.cs.berkeley.edu/ns
[25]王伟伟著.Ad hoc网络环境下的TCP性能分析及改进.硕士毕业论文.2005年4月.
[26]黄琼等著.NS不同版本对TCP仿真性能的影响.重庆邮电学院学报.2005年6月.
[27]http://mailman.isi.edu/pipermail/ns-users/2007-August.txt
[28]Gavriel Salvendy.Human-Computer Interaction:User Centered Design and Evaluation.2003.
[29]徐雷鸣等著.NS与网络模拟.人民邮电出版社.2003年11月.
[30]NS examples.http://nile.wpi.edu/NS/
[31]Tutorial for the NS.http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/tutorial/index.html
[32]秦冀,姜雪松著.移动IP技术与NS-2模拟.机械工业出版社.2006年9月.