粗粒土与结构接触面三维本构规律、机理与模型研究
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摘要
粗粒土与结构接触面的三维静动力本构规律、机理和模型研究，是解决复杂加载条件下土体与结构系统静动力相互作用问题的热点和难点课题之一。本文基于较为系统和精细的接触面试验成果，着重对粗粒土与结构接触面的三维静动力学响应的特性规律、影响因素、物理机制和数学描述诸方面进行系统的研究，主要取得了以下新成果：
（1）开发了单剪型接触面试验容器及两个切向同时摄像分析技术，将非接触图像测量技术用于测量叠环间变位，系统进行了粗粒土与结构接触面三维静动力单剪型试验，证实了切向位移可分解为土体剪切变形引起的切向位移和接触界面处的滑动位移，测定了单剪试验条件下粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为6~7D50。
（2）完成了系列化的三维复杂加载条件下粗粒土与结构接触面直剪型试验，系统揭示了土体性质（颗粒形状）、结构面板特性（材料类型、粗糙度与异向性）、加载条件（试验类型、法向边界条件、法向刚度、法向应力、剪切路径、位移幅值比、应力幅值比、初始静剪应力与剪切方向角）等3种类型17个主要因素对粗粒土与结构接触面三维静动力学特性的影响规律。
（3）发现了不同三维加载条件下粗粒土与结构接触面的主应力比与主切向位移关系曲线的形态、可逆性剪切体变与切向主参量关系曲线的形态以及不可逆性剪切体变与剪切功关系曲线均具有一致性，揭示了考虑三维效应的接触面强度规律、剪切规律、剪胀规律、压缩规律与物态演化规律等5个基本的三维接触面本构规律。
（4）基于5个基本的三维接触面本构规律并借鉴现有土的本构理论模型的合理要素，建立了一个三维弹塑性接触面本构模型。该模型可统一描述单调和循环加载、二维和三维响应、共轴和非共轴变形、切向与法向耦合效应等接触面静动力学行为及本构关系。该模型基于试验规律，基本假定少、模型参数较少且易于确定，并可根据实际工程应用的精度要求，给出不同精度等级下的简化模式。初步的对比分析与试验验证表明了该模型的有效性和实用性。
An experimental and theoretical study on the3-D cyclic behaviors of gravel-structure interfaces is one of the most difficult and hot issues in dynamic soil-structureinteraction analysis. This dissertation is to present a cohesive theoretical framework ofdescribing the3D soil-structure interfaces with emphasis on the mechanical laws,physical mechanism and constitutive model. The main achievements can be drawn asfollows.
1. A new large scale3-D simple-shear test system has been developed throughadding a simple-shear container and a synchronous photograph technique to the80-ton3-D multifunctional apparatus for soil-structure interface. A systematical and refinedseries of3-D simple-shear interface tests has been made by using this test system. Thethickness of the3-D interfaces was experimentally identified, which is approximately6~7D50. The total tangential displacement of the3-D interfaces is confirmed to becomposed of the deforming and sliding displacements that are easy to be separated fromthe test data.
2. A more systematical and refined series of3-D direct-shear interface tests hasalso been conducted under conditions considering three types of main influencingfactors, including1) soil property (e.g. particle shape etc),2) features of structural plate(i.e., material type, roughness and anisotropy), and3) loading patterns (i.e., test type;normal boundary condition, normal stiffness, normal stress; shear path, tangentialdisplacement amplitude, shear stress amplitude, tangential displacement amplitude ratio,shear stress amplitude ratio, initial shear stress and orientation shear angle). Theinterplay among these facors is found to govern the3-D tangential and nornaldeformation of the interfaces.
3. The revealing mechanism behind the above complex3-D interface behavior canbe summarized by five basic constitutive laws with distinctive physical background,including strength law, shearing law, dilatancy law, compression law and evolution law.Several unique relationships are also found to exist between the resultant shear stressand the resultant tangential displacement, between the revesible volumetric change andthe resultant shear stress, as well as between the irreversible volumetric change and the shear work, which are irrespective of various3-D loading conditions.
4. A generalized3-D constitutive model for soil-structure interfaces has beendeveloped based mainly on the above five constitutive laws. The model is capable ofcapturing the monotonic and cyclic3-D constitutive responses with non-coaxial andnormal to tangential coupling effects for soil-structure interfaces. It can also be reducedto several simplified versions with fewer model parameters. Excellent capacibility of thenew constitutive model in the description of various experimental stress-strainrelationships of soil-structure interfaces has preliminarily shown its essentialeffectiveness, robustness and accessibility.
（1）开发了单剪型接触面试验容器及两个切向同时摄像分析技术，将非接触图像测量技术用于测量叠环间变位，系统进行了粗粒土与结构接触面三维静动力单剪型试验，证实了切向位移可分解为土体剪切变形引起的切向位移和接触界面处的滑动位移，测定了单剪试验条件下粗粒土与结构接触面厚度约为6~7D50。
（2）完成了系列化的三维复杂加载条件下粗粒土与结构接触面直剪型试验，系统揭示了土体性质（颗粒形状）、结构面板特性（材料类型、粗糙度与异向性）、加载条件（试验类型、法向边界条件、法向刚度、法向应力、剪切路径、位移幅值比、应力幅值比、初始静剪应力与剪切方向角）等3种类型17个主要因素对粗粒土与结构接触面三维静动力学特性的影响规律。
（3）发现了不同三维加载条件下粗粒土与结构接触面的主应力比与主切向位移关系曲线的形态、可逆性剪切体变与切向主参量关系曲线的形态以及不可逆性剪切体变与剪切功关系曲线均具有一致性，揭示了考虑三维效应的接触面强度规律、剪切规律、剪胀规律、压缩规律与物态演化规律等5个基本的三维接触面本构规律。
（4）基于5个基本的三维接触面本构规律并借鉴现有土的本构理论模型的合理要素，建立了一个三维弹塑性接触面本构模型。该模型可统一描述单调和循环加载、二维和三维响应、共轴和非共轴变形、切向与法向耦合效应等接触面静动力学行为及本构关系。该模型基于试验规律，基本假定少、模型参数较少且易于确定，并可根据实际工程应用的精度要求，给出不同精度等级下的简化模式。初步的对比分析与试验验证表明了该模型的有效性和实用性。
An experimental and theoretical study on the3-D cyclic behaviors of gravel-structure interfaces is one of the most difficult and hot issues in dynamic soil-structureinteraction analysis. This dissertation is to present a cohesive theoretical framework ofdescribing the3D soil-structure interfaces with emphasis on the mechanical laws,physical mechanism and constitutive model. The main achievements can be drawn asfollows.
1. A new large scale3-D simple-shear test system has been developed throughadding a simple-shear container and a synchronous photograph technique to the80-ton3-D multifunctional apparatus for soil-structure interface. A systematical and refinedseries of3-D simple-shear interface tests has been made by using this test system. Thethickness of the3-D interfaces was experimentally identified, which is approximately6~7D50. The total tangential displacement of the3-D interfaces is confirmed to becomposed of the deforming and sliding displacements that are easy to be separated fromthe test data.
2. A more systematical and refined series of3-D direct-shear interface tests hasalso been conducted under conditions considering three types of main influencingfactors, including1) soil property (e.g. particle shape etc),2) features of structural plate(i.e., material type, roughness and anisotropy), and3) loading patterns (i.e., test type;normal boundary condition, normal stiffness, normal stress; shear path, tangentialdisplacement amplitude, shear stress amplitude, tangential displacement amplitude ratio,shear stress amplitude ratio, initial shear stress and orientation shear angle). Theinterplay among these facors is found to govern the3-D tangential and nornaldeformation of the interfaces.
3. The revealing mechanism behind the above complex3-D interface behavior canbe summarized by five basic constitutive laws with distinctive physical background,including strength law, shearing law, dilatancy law, compression law and evolution law.Several unique relationships are also found to exist between the resultant shear stressand the resultant tangential displacement, between the revesible volumetric change andthe resultant shear stress, as well as between the irreversible volumetric change and the shear work, which are irrespective of various3-D loading conditions.
4. A generalized3-D constitutive model for soil-structure interfaces has beendeveloped based mainly on the above five constitutive laws. The model is capable ofcapturing the monotonic and cyclic3-D constitutive responses with non-coaxial andnormal to tangential coupling effects for soil-structure interfaces. It can also be reducedto several simplified versions with fewer model parameters. Excellent capacibility of thenew constitutive model in the description of various experimental stress-strainrelationships of soil-structure interfaces has preliminarily shown its essentialeffectiveness, robustness and accessibility.
引文
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