采集树网络中可靠数据采集与配置研究
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摘要
电子器件制造工艺和无线通信技术的发展,使大量具有微处理能力的微型传感器节点组成的无线传感器网络逐渐成为工业界和学术界研究的热点问题。无线传感器网络集信息获取、处理和传输为一体,在工业、农业、军事、环境监控、生物医疗、城市管理和抢险救灾等领域有着非常广泛的应用前景。数据传输是无线传感器网络设计和实现中的一个关键问题,它决定了数据包如何经过多跳步路由成功地传输到目的节点,对网络的性能有重要影响。
随着无线传感器网络应用的多样性,复合型的应用越来越普遍。一种应用不是单纯实现一个功能,而是多个功能的集合,许多成熟的协议在融入到此复合型应用中时,达到的结果与研究结果相差很大,有些协议在某些应用中甚至不能用。因此,根据不同应用的特点设计相应的协议是无线传感器网络协议设计的基本问题之一
本文围绕无线传感器网络中周期性数据采集和命令式数据配置这类复合型的应用作了深入研究,在国内外相关研究成果的基础上,围绕可靠性的实现数据传输和数据配置提出了几种有效的解决方案,论文主要作了以下几方面的工作。
1.论文提出了一种完全分布式的多信道传输协议。根据采集树网络的特点,使用多信道传输策略,有效解决了单信道传输时网络中存在的路径干扰问题,同时提高了系统的吞吐量。该协议从链路质量估计、邻居表同步管理、数据管理、发送队列处理、信标发送及路径维护各方面进行设计,充分发挥多信道传输的优势,减少了信道传输间的相互干扰,提高了采集树网络中数据传输的可靠性。
2.在前面研究的基础上,提出了一种分布式的多路径传输协议。该协议根据路径的相关因子,选择与主路径最大不相关的路径作为备用路径；并通过在数据包中添加路径标示的方法,标记数据传输选择的路径。
3.针对拓扑动荡对采集树网络数据传输可靠性的影响,提出了一种拓扑动荡控制策略。本策略首先根据节点的邻居个数,建立节点的可用容量估计模型；另外,提出了一种利用三次握手协议选择父节点的方法,利用该方法,可以将每个节点的流量负载控制在一个合理的范围内,使其不超过节点的可用容量；最后,提出了一种根据网络状况自适应地调整节点可用容量估计的维护方法,利用该方法,每个节点随着网络环境的变化,持续地调整自己的可用容量估计。
4.针对无线传感器网络应用中的周期性数据采集和命令式数据配置这种复合型应用,在前而研究的基础上，提出了一种在数据采集期间进行数据配置的方案。首先,对采集树协议做了相应的修改,利用捎带技术,将节点的父节点信息附加在数据包头,传送到基站,在每个节点发送数据到基站后,基站掌握了全网的拓扑信息；另外,在基站收集的全局拓扑信息的基础上,提出了三种不同的适用于采集树下的数据配置方法；最后,利用基站采集的全局拓扑信息及提出的三种数据配置方法,提出了一种低消耗、高可靠的数据配置方案。
综上所述,本文根据采集树刚络的特点,针对周期性数据采集和命令式数据配置这种复合型应用,提出了三种提高数据传输可靠性的方法和一种数据配置方案。利用多信道技术、多路径传播技术、拓扑动荡控制策略提高了数据传输的可靠性,在此基础上提出了一种数据配置方案,本文提出的方法和方案对于推动无线传感器网络数据可靠传输、可靠配置的研究和实用化具有一定的理论研究意义和实用价值。
Recent advances in micro-electro-meehanical systems (MEMS) technology, wireless communication and digital electronics have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and com-municate untethered in short distances. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are integrated networks which can perform information gathering, processing and de-livering. There are wide application for WSNs in industry, agriculture, military affairs, environment monitoring, biomedicine, city managing and disaster succor-ing. Reliable transmission is always a hot point of research and it determines how data packets can be delivered to sink successfully through multi-hop routing.
With the development of research, the application that needs multiple func-tions is becoming more popular. Existing protocols can't achieve their theoretical results of experiments, and even can't be used in some scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate protocols for specific scenarios with special requirements.
This paper focuses on the concurrent application including data collection and data configuration, and does some works. This paper propose three schemes on how to improve the reliability of collection tree protocol and one reconfiguration scheme. This paper does the following works:
1. This paper proposes a distributed multi-channel protocol. With the pro-posed multi-channel protocol, the problem of channel interference is miti-gated, and the network throughput is improved. The protocol is designed detailed in the following aspects:link quality estimation, the synchroniza-tion of neighborhood between MAC and route layer, data management, send queue management, adaptive beaconing and route maintenance. The multi-channel protocol decreases the channel interference and improve reliability of the network.
2. This paper proposes a multi-path routing protocol on the basis of the pro-posed multi-channel collection tree protocol. Depending on the path corre-lation factor and link quality, the protocol selects the alternative path that is node-disjoint with the primary path. The primary path is selected from the neighbors of a node, and is the best path to the base station. Using the piggy-back technique, the flag of path is piggy-backed on data packet, and is to indicate that, the packet is transmitted through the primary path or the alternative path. With t.he proposed multi-path rouging protocol, the reliability of the network is improved.
3. For the inefficient because of topology fluctuation, this paper proposes a distributed and adaptive fluct nation control scheme for niany-to-one routing. More specifically, an estimation model of a sensor available capacity based on the number of its neighbors is proposed for controlling the load of a sensor within its available capacity. In addition, a parent selection mechanism by three-way handshake is proposed. With such mechanism, the children number of a sensor is limited within a reasonable range, and the load of a sensor is ensured to be within its available capacity. Finally, this paper proposes an adaptive maintenance mechanism that is adaptive to the change of available capacity of a, sensor due to the network environment changes. Because the channel quality of a sensor varies with time and the traffic being sent of other parts of the network, each sensor needs to continuously estimate its available capacity and adjusts its load with the change of the network environment.
4. For the concurrent, application included data collection and reconfiguration, this paper proposes a novel reconfiguration scheme during data collecting for many-to-one routing. More specifically, a table-driven data collection tree that follows Collection Tree Protocol is constructed, in which each node's topology information is piggy-backed on the data packet, and is transmit-ted to the base station. Thus, the base station has the full information about the whole graph of the network. In addition, three reconfiguration methods with suppression mechanism are proposed, two of them utilizing the base station's full information of the network as a guide for discovering the reconfiguration route and one simple Hooding reconfiguration method. Finally, efficiently combing the table-driven data collection tree and three reconfiguration methods, we propose a low cost and reliable reconfiguration scheme during data collection.
In summary, for the concurrent application included data collection and re-configuration, this paper proposes three methods to improve reliability of collec-tion tree protocol and one reconfiguration method. Using multi-channel technique, multi-path technique, and topology control strategy, network reliability is great-ly improved. Based on the works that improve the reliability, a reconfiguration scheme is proposed. The proposed schemes have academic and practical value for advancing the theory and practically of high efficient data delivery in WSNs.
随着无线传感器网络应用的多样性,复合型的应用越来越普遍。一种应用不是单纯实现一个功能,而是多个功能的集合,许多成熟的协议在融入到此复合型应用中时,达到的结果与研究结果相差很大,有些协议在某些应用中甚至不能用。因此,根据不同应用的特点设计相应的协议是无线传感器网络协议设计的基本问题之一
本文围绕无线传感器网络中周期性数据采集和命令式数据配置这类复合型的应用作了深入研究,在国内外相关研究成果的基础上,围绕可靠性的实现数据传输和数据配置提出了几种有效的解决方案,论文主要作了以下几方面的工作。
1.论文提出了一种完全分布式的多信道传输协议。根据采集树网络的特点,使用多信道传输策略,有效解决了单信道传输时网络中存在的路径干扰问题,同时提高了系统的吞吐量。该协议从链路质量估计、邻居表同步管理、数据管理、发送队列处理、信标发送及路径维护各方面进行设计,充分发挥多信道传输的优势,减少了信道传输间的相互干扰,提高了采集树网络中数据传输的可靠性。
2.在前面研究的基础上,提出了一种分布式的多路径传输协议。该协议根据路径的相关因子,选择与主路径最大不相关的路径作为备用路径；并通过在数据包中添加路径标示的方法,标记数据传输选择的路径。
3.针对拓扑动荡对采集树网络数据传输可靠性的影响,提出了一种拓扑动荡控制策略。本策略首先根据节点的邻居个数,建立节点的可用容量估计模型；另外,提出了一种利用三次握手协议选择父节点的方法,利用该方法,可以将每个节点的流量负载控制在一个合理的范围内,使其不超过节点的可用容量；最后,提出了一种根据网络状况自适应地调整节点可用容量估计的维护方法,利用该方法,每个节点随着网络环境的变化,持续地调整自己的可用容量估计。
4.针对无线传感器网络应用中的周期性数据采集和命令式数据配置这种复合型应用,在前而研究的基础上，提出了一种在数据采集期间进行数据配置的方案。首先,对采集树协议做了相应的修改,利用捎带技术,将节点的父节点信息附加在数据包头,传送到基站,在每个节点发送数据到基站后,基站掌握了全网的拓扑信息；另外,在基站收集的全局拓扑信息的基础上,提出了三种不同的适用于采集树下的数据配置方法；最后,利用基站采集的全局拓扑信息及提出的三种数据配置方法,提出了一种低消耗、高可靠的数据配置方案。
综上所述,本文根据采集树刚络的特点,针对周期性数据采集和命令式数据配置这种复合型应用,提出了三种提高数据传输可靠性的方法和一种数据配置方案。利用多信道技术、多路径传播技术、拓扑动荡控制策略提高了数据传输的可靠性,在此基础上提出了一种数据配置方案,本文提出的方法和方案对于推动无线传感器网络数据可靠传输、可靠配置的研究和实用化具有一定的理论研究意义和实用价值。
Recent advances in micro-electro-meehanical systems (MEMS) technology, wireless communication and digital electronics have enabled the development of low-cost, low-power, multifunctional sensor nodes that are small in size and com-municate untethered in short distances. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are integrated networks which can perform information gathering, processing and de-livering. There are wide application for WSNs in industry, agriculture, military affairs, environment monitoring, biomedicine, city managing and disaster succor-ing. Reliable transmission is always a hot point of research and it determines how data packets can be delivered to sink successfully through multi-hop routing.
With the development of research, the application that needs multiple func-tions is becoming more popular. Existing protocols can't achieve their theoretical results of experiments, and even can't be used in some scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to design an appropriate protocols for specific scenarios with special requirements.
This paper focuses on the concurrent application including data collection and data configuration, and does some works. This paper propose three schemes on how to improve the reliability of collection tree protocol and one reconfiguration scheme. This paper does the following works:
1. This paper proposes a distributed multi-channel protocol. With the pro-posed multi-channel protocol, the problem of channel interference is miti-gated, and the network throughput is improved. The protocol is designed detailed in the following aspects:link quality estimation, the synchroniza-tion of neighborhood between MAC and route layer, data management, send queue management, adaptive beaconing and route maintenance. The multi-channel protocol decreases the channel interference and improve reliability of the network.
2. This paper proposes a multi-path routing protocol on the basis of the pro-posed multi-channel collection tree protocol. Depending on the path corre-lation factor and link quality, the protocol selects the alternative path that is node-disjoint with the primary path. The primary path is selected from the neighbors of a node, and is the best path to the base station. Using the piggy-back technique, the flag of path is piggy-backed on data packet, and is to indicate that, the packet is transmitted through the primary path or the alternative path. With t.he proposed multi-path rouging protocol, the reliability of the network is improved.
3. For the inefficient because of topology fluctuation, this paper proposes a distributed and adaptive fluct nation control scheme for niany-to-one routing. More specifically, an estimation model of a sensor available capacity based on the number of its neighbors is proposed for controlling the load of a sensor within its available capacity. In addition, a parent selection mechanism by three-way handshake is proposed. With such mechanism, the children number of a sensor is limited within a reasonable range, and the load of a sensor is ensured to be within its available capacity. Finally, this paper proposes an adaptive maintenance mechanism that is adaptive to the change of available capacity of a, sensor due to the network environment changes. Because the channel quality of a sensor varies with time and the traffic being sent of other parts of the network, each sensor needs to continuously estimate its available capacity and adjusts its load with the change of the network environment.
4. For the concurrent, application included data collection and reconfiguration, this paper proposes a novel reconfiguration scheme during data collecting for many-to-one routing. More specifically, a table-driven data collection tree that follows Collection Tree Protocol is constructed, in which each node's topology information is piggy-backed on the data packet, and is transmit-ted to the base station. Thus, the base station has the full information about the whole graph of the network. In addition, three reconfiguration methods with suppression mechanism are proposed, two of them utilizing the base station's full information of the network as a guide for discovering the reconfiguration route and one simple Hooding reconfiguration method. Finally, efficiently combing the table-driven data collection tree and three reconfiguration methods, we propose a low cost and reliable reconfiguration scheme during data collection.
In summary, for the concurrent application included data collection and re-configuration, this paper proposes three methods to improve reliability of collec-tion tree protocol and one reconfiguration method. Using multi-channel technique, multi-path technique, and topology control strategy, network reliability is great-ly improved. Based on the works that improve the reliability, a reconfiguration scheme is proposed. The proposed schemes have academic and practical value for advancing the theory and practically of high efficient data delivery in WSNs.
引文
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