气动力有理函数识别与颤振稳定性的多因素分析
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摘要
直接识别气动力有理函数可以同时满足时域和频域颤振分析对前期气动力信息的需求,相应的理论体系和试验技术的建立具有重要的工程实用价值。随着桥梁结构向轻柔大跨方向发展,有必要深入研究拉索振动和拉索气动力形成的拉索效应、风的静力附加攻角效应、气动控制措施等因素对颤振稳定性的影响。为此,本文开展了以下几方面的工作：
(1)建立了基于三自由度节段模型自由振动法和强迫振动法气动力有理函数识别的理论体系,编制了强迫振动气动力有理函数的识别程序。强迫振动法试验结果证明适当选择两个试验风速即可有效识别气动力有理函数及与之对应的气动导数,为气动导数识别提供了一条新途径,能显著降低风洞试验工作量,可在工程中推广应用。
(2)提出了快速拟合气动力有理函数系数的粒子群优化算法,算法为全局最优。在有理函数表达的气动力基础上,提出了在ANSYS中实现纯时域颤振分析的新方法,其中气动力中的气动刚度及气动阻尼部分通过MATRIX27单元实现,而递推部分则作为外部荷载处理。
(3)给出了拉索非定常气动力矩阵的显示表达式,编制了相应的程序模块,并嵌入到现有NACS程序中,实现了计入拉索气动力的颤振分析程序开发。建立了一种凝聚拉索质量的斜拉桥有限元新模型,解决了拉索分段之后扭转振型阶次过高的问题。在ANSYS中,通过在新模型的索单元节点处设置MATRIX27(?)单元,考虑了拉索气动力和拉索振动对斜拉桥颤振稳定性的影响,结果表明这两项因素的联合作用使颤振临界风速提高。通过强迫振动法装置识别气动导数有效克服了传统自由振动法中存在的附加攻角问题,并进行了加密攻角变化步长的气动导数识别试验,实现了在ANSYS中自动计入附加攻角效应的颤振计算方法,能有效考虑气动力非线性。
(4)基于有限元三维颤振分析,从能量原理的角度明确了中央稳定板对桁架梁悬索桥颤振的作用机理是增加了竖弯自由度的参与程度,使颤振形态由单自由度扭转振动向弯扭耦合振动转移。将三维桁架结构简化成二维模型,通过CFD数值模拟以及PIV风洞试验从细观的角度探明了中央稳定板对桁架梁悬索桥断面绕流的作用机理。
Direct identification of aerodynamic rational function can meet the preliminary information of aerodynamic force for time domain and frequency domain of flutter analysis. So the establishment of corresponding theory and test technique has important practical engineering value. In order to investigate the influence factors to flutter stability, it is necessary to investigate the effect of cables caused by aerodynamic force and the vibration of cables, and the aerodynamic nonlinear effect induced by aerostatic additional Angle of attack, and the aerodynamic control measures. Therefore, this thesis carried out the following aspects of work:
(1) The aerodynamic rational function identification theory which is based on three degrees of freedom sectional model both for free vibration and forced vibration was established, and aerodynamic rational functions identification program was developed. The analysis results show that proper selection of two test wind speed can identify rational functions and the corresponding aerodynamic derivatives. It is evident that this method reduces drastically wind tunnel experiment work, and can be applied in actual projects
(2) The fast technique for fitting rational function coefficients by particle swarm optimization algorithm for global optimum is presented, and it provides global optimal values. Based on the rational functions-based unsteady forces identified above, a complete time-domain method for analyzing bridge is developed and implemented in ANSYS. The aerodynamic stiffness and damping portions of aerodynamic forces is modeled by Matrix27in ANSYS while the remaining recursive portions are treated as external loadings during time-domain simulation.
(3) The explicit expressions for unsteady aerodynamic forces were derived for stay cables and a FORTRAN program based on this theory was implemented in special flutter analysis program NACS to consider the effect of unsteady aerodynamic forces of cables on flutter. A new finite element model of cable-stayed bridges is developed that condenses the mass of multiple elements of a cable to cable end node to effectively eliminate the local cable modes during modal analysis. By attaching MATRIX27element at cable elements' nodes, the aerodynamic and cable vibration effects on flutter stability of cable-stayed bridge were taken into account. It is shown that the combined effect of these two factors promote flutter critical wind velocity. The forced vibration device for flutter derivatives identification can circumvents the additional attack angles which exists inherently for free vibration device. The flutter analysis accounting for the additional attack angle effect can be realized in ANSYS automatically for considering aerodynamic nonlinearity effectively.
(4) The mechanism of central stabilizer for improving flutter performance is investigated based on modal energy participation in flutter state and3D flutter analysis. It is the increase of the energy participation of vertical bending degrees of freedom that leads to energy transfer of unstable torsion modes to the stable bending modes, and therefore promoting flutter velocity. Through the CFD numerical simulation and PIV wind tunnel test, micro mechanism of aerodynamic mechanism of improvement of flutter stability of long-span truss-girder suspension bridge using central stabilizer was studied.
(1)建立了基于三自由度节段模型自由振动法和强迫振动法气动力有理函数识别的理论体系,编制了强迫振动气动力有理函数的识别程序。强迫振动法试验结果证明适当选择两个试验风速即可有效识别气动力有理函数及与之对应的气动导数,为气动导数识别提供了一条新途径,能显著降低风洞试验工作量,可在工程中推广应用。
(2)提出了快速拟合气动力有理函数系数的粒子群优化算法,算法为全局最优。在有理函数表达的气动力基础上,提出了在ANSYS中实现纯时域颤振分析的新方法,其中气动力中的气动刚度及气动阻尼部分通过MATRIX27单元实现,而递推部分则作为外部荷载处理。
(3)给出了拉索非定常气动力矩阵的显示表达式,编制了相应的程序模块,并嵌入到现有NACS程序中,实现了计入拉索气动力的颤振分析程序开发。建立了一种凝聚拉索质量的斜拉桥有限元新模型,解决了拉索分段之后扭转振型阶次过高的问题。在ANSYS中,通过在新模型的索单元节点处设置MATRIX27(?)单元,考虑了拉索气动力和拉索振动对斜拉桥颤振稳定性的影响,结果表明这两项因素的联合作用使颤振临界风速提高。通过强迫振动法装置识别气动导数有效克服了传统自由振动法中存在的附加攻角问题,并进行了加密攻角变化步长的气动导数识别试验,实现了在ANSYS中自动计入附加攻角效应的颤振计算方法,能有效考虑气动力非线性。
(4)基于有限元三维颤振分析,从能量原理的角度明确了中央稳定板对桁架梁悬索桥颤振的作用机理是增加了竖弯自由度的参与程度,使颤振形态由单自由度扭转振动向弯扭耦合振动转移。将三维桁架结构简化成二维模型,通过CFD数值模拟以及PIV风洞试验从细观的角度探明了中央稳定板对桁架梁悬索桥断面绕流的作用机理。
Direct identification of aerodynamic rational function can meet the preliminary information of aerodynamic force for time domain and frequency domain of flutter analysis. So the establishment of corresponding theory and test technique has important practical engineering value. In order to investigate the influence factors to flutter stability, it is necessary to investigate the effect of cables caused by aerodynamic force and the vibration of cables, and the aerodynamic nonlinear effect induced by aerostatic additional Angle of attack, and the aerodynamic control measures. Therefore, this thesis carried out the following aspects of work:
(1) The aerodynamic rational function identification theory which is based on three degrees of freedom sectional model both for free vibration and forced vibration was established, and aerodynamic rational functions identification program was developed. The analysis results show that proper selection of two test wind speed can identify rational functions and the corresponding aerodynamic derivatives. It is evident that this method reduces drastically wind tunnel experiment work, and can be applied in actual projects
(2) The fast technique for fitting rational function coefficients by particle swarm optimization algorithm for global optimum is presented, and it provides global optimal values. Based on the rational functions-based unsteady forces identified above, a complete time-domain method for analyzing bridge is developed and implemented in ANSYS. The aerodynamic stiffness and damping portions of aerodynamic forces is modeled by Matrix27in ANSYS while the remaining recursive portions are treated as external loadings during time-domain simulation.
(3) The explicit expressions for unsteady aerodynamic forces were derived for stay cables and a FORTRAN program based on this theory was implemented in special flutter analysis program NACS to consider the effect of unsteady aerodynamic forces of cables on flutter. A new finite element model of cable-stayed bridges is developed that condenses the mass of multiple elements of a cable to cable end node to effectively eliminate the local cable modes during modal analysis. By attaching MATRIX27element at cable elements' nodes, the aerodynamic and cable vibration effects on flutter stability of cable-stayed bridge were taken into account. It is shown that the combined effect of these two factors promote flutter critical wind velocity. The forced vibration device for flutter derivatives identification can circumvents the additional attack angles which exists inherently for free vibration device. The flutter analysis accounting for the additional attack angle effect can be realized in ANSYS automatically for considering aerodynamic nonlinearity effectively.
(4) The mechanism of central stabilizer for improving flutter performance is investigated based on modal energy participation in flutter state and3D flutter analysis. It is the increase of the energy participation of vertical bending degrees of freedom that leads to energy transfer of unstable torsion modes to the stable bending modes, and therefore promoting flutter velocity. Through the CFD numerical simulation and PIV wind tunnel test, micro mechanism of aerodynamic mechanism of improvement of flutter stability of long-span truss-girder suspension bridge using central stabilizer was studied.
引文
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