柔性连接砌体填充墙框架结构的抗震性能试验研究和非线性分析
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摘要
填充墙框架结构是房屋建筑结构中常见的一种结构体系。已有的研究表明,填充墙对框架结构的承载力、刚度及其变形性能都有着很大的影响,而且忽略填充墙对框架结构的影响并不总是安全的。汶川地震中框架结构的围护结构和填充墙发生明显的震害,不仅对人员安全造成威胁,同时也造成很大的财产损失。非结构构件的地震安全性越来越多地引起人们的重视。
我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)第13.3.3条第2款规定“钢筋混凝土结构中的砌体填充墙,宜与柱脱开或采用柔性连接”,但是对于填充墙与框架柱采用脱开的构造方式,目前并没有相关的试验来研究其抗震性能。已有的试验研究主要集中于黏土砖填充墙框架结构,墙体材料改革政策之后,实心黏土砖填充墙材料正逐步被一些新型砌体材料所取代,但相关研究并没有同时跟上。
为了研究柔性连接砌体填充墙框架结构的抗震性能,本文针对一榀裸框架、一榀整体砌体填充墙框架、三榀柔性连接砌体填充墙框架进行了低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验。试件的填充墙采用实际工程中常用的蒸压加气混凝土砌块(ALC砌块)及其专用粘结剂。试验结果表明,五个试验试件中,整体砌体填充墙框架的承载力最高,裸框架的承载力最低,三榀柔性连接砌体填充墙框架的承载力介于两者之间;从延性、耗能、刚度退化以及强度衰退这四个抗震性能指标来衡量,柔性连接砌体填充墙框架明显优于整体砌体填充墙框架;在三榀柔性连接砌体填充墙框架中,墙体两端预留竖缝的试件抗震性能最好;填充墙体的高宽比越大,试验过程中墙体的剪切变形就越大。
运用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS中的实体单元C3D8R、杆单元T3D2、弹簧单元SPRINGA和SPRING1建立了柔性连接砌体填充墙框架结构的有限元模型,通过非线性分析得到的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果对比,验证了有限元模型的有效性。最后利用验证的有限元方法分析墙体的高宽比等参数对结构抗震性能的影响,为改进现行结构抗震设计方法及改进结构设计的构造措施提供依据。
Infilled masonary wall frame is a very common structural system used in the building structures. Existing research indicates that the filler walls have great effect on the capacity, stiffness and deformation behavior of R.C.frames.It is not always safe to ignore the effect of the filler walls.Wenchuan earthquake caused severely damage in building enclosure and filler wall in RC frame structures, which not only threaten the safety of personnel, but also caused great loss of property. The seismic safety of non-structural components is increasingly taken into account.
China's“Code for seismic design of buildings”(GB50011-2001) at paragraph 2 of article 13.3.3 tates that the connection of masonry infill walls and column in RC frame structures should be slip-off or flexible, but there is no related trial to study the seismic behavior of structures above. Existing trail researches have focused on clay brick filled R.C.frame.After reform on wall building material put into practice, the solid clay brick is gradually replaced by some new material masonry, but research didn’t keep up with immediately.
In order to study the seismic behavior of flexible connection infilled frames,the comparison test of 1 RC frame,1 integral infilled masonary wall frame and 3 flexible connection infilled frames are tested under low-cycle reversed load.Filler wall are composed of autoclaved aerated concrete block and its special binder which are usually used in building practice.Results show that in five test specimens,bearing capacity of integral infilled masonary wall frame is the highest, RC frame’s is the lowest,flexible connected infilled wall frames’fall in between;measured from seismic behavior including ductility,energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and strength retrogression, flexible connection masonry infilled frames are better than the integral infilled masonry wall frame;during three flexible connection infilled frames,the seismic behavior of vertical slit set at both ends of filler wall is the best; the greater the aspect ratio of filler wall is ,the bigger the shear deformation is.
Non-linear finite element analysis models of flexible connection infilled frames are established by using solid element C3D8R,truss element T3D2,spring element SPRINGA and SPRING1 in ABAQUS software.Behaviors of 5 specimens are analyzed by using nonlinear finite element analysis method,besides the analytical results were compared with the experimental results. Analysis showed that the theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental values; behavior of reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill wall can be simulated by using finite element analysis model proposed in this paper.The influence of wall aspect ratio on seismic behavior are analyzed by using finite element analysis method, which provide the basis to improve the existing method of seismic design and construction measures of structural design.
我国《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)第13.3.3条第2款规定“钢筋混凝土结构中的砌体填充墙,宜与柱脱开或采用柔性连接”,但是对于填充墙与框架柱采用脱开的构造方式,目前并没有相关的试验来研究其抗震性能。已有的试验研究主要集中于黏土砖填充墙框架结构,墙体材料改革政策之后,实心黏土砖填充墙材料正逐步被一些新型砌体材料所取代,但相关研究并没有同时跟上。
为了研究柔性连接砌体填充墙框架结构的抗震性能,本文针对一榀裸框架、一榀整体砌体填充墙框架、三榀柔性连接砌体填充墙框架进行了低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验。试件的填充墙采用实际工程中常用的蒸压加气混凝土砌块(ALC砌块)及其专用粘结剂。试验结果表明,五个试验试件中,整体砌体填充墙框架的承载力最高,裸框架的承载力最低,三榀柔性连接砌体填充墙框架的承载力介于两者之间;从延性、耗能、刚度退化以及强度衰退这四个抗震性能指标来衡量,柔性连接砌体填充墙框架明显优于整体砌体填充墙框架;在三榀柔性连接砌体填充墙框架中,墙体两端预留竖缝的试件抗震性能最好;填充墙体的高宽比越大,试验过程中墙体的剪切变形就越大。
运用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS中的实体单元C3D8R、杆单元T3D2、弹簧单元SPRINGA和SPRING1建立了柔性连接砌体填充墙框架结构的有限元模型,通过非线性分析得到的荷载-位移曲线与试验结果对比,验证了有限元模型的有效性。最后利用验证的有限元方法分析墙体的高宽比等参数对结构抗震性能的影响,为改进现行结构抗震设计方法及改进结构设计的构造措施提供依据。
Infilled masonary wall frame is a very common structural system used in the building structures. Existing research indicates that the filler walls have great effect on the capacity, stiffness and deformation behavior of R.C.frames.It is not always safe to ignore the effect of the filler walls.Wenchuan earthquake caused severely damage in building enclosure and filler wall in RC frame structures, which not only threaten the safety of personnel, but also caused great loss of property. The seismic safety of non-structural components is increasingly taken into account.
China's“Code for seismic design of buildings”(GB50011-2001) at paragraph 2 of article 13.3.3 tates that the connection of masonry infill walls and column in RC frame structures should be slip-off or flexible, but there is no related trial to study the seismic behavior of structures above. Existing trail researches have focused on clay brick filled R.C.frame.After reform on wall building material put into practice, the solid clay brick is gradually replaced by some new material masonry, but research didn’t keep up with immediately.
In order to study the seismic behavior of flexible connection infilled frames,the comparison test of 1 RC frame,1 integral infilled masonary wall frame and 3 flexible connection infilled frames are tested under low-cycle reversed load.Filler wall are composed of autoclaved aerated concrete block and its special binder which are usually used in building practice.Results show that in five test specimens,bearing capacity of integral infilled masonary wall frame is the highest, RC frame’s is the lowest,flexible connected infilled wall frames’fall in between;measured from seismic behavior including ductility,energy dissipation, stiffness degradation and strength retrogression, flexible connection masonry infilled frames are better than the integral infilled masonry wall frame;during three flexible connection infilled frames,the seismic behavior of vertical slit set at both ends of filler wall is the best; the greater the aspect ratio of filler wall is ,the bigger the shear deformation is.
Non-linear finite element analysis models of flexible connection infilled frames are established by using solid element C3D8R,truss element T3D2,spring element SPRINGA and SPRING1 in ABAQUS software.Behaviors of 5 specimens are analyzed by using nonlinear finite element analysis method,besides the analytical results were compared with the experimental results. Analysis showed that the theoretical values are in good agreement with experimental values; behavior of reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill wall can be simulated by using finite element analysis model proposed in this paper.The influence of wall aspect ratio on seismic behavior are analyzed by using finite element analysis method, which provide the basis to improve the existing method of seismic design and construction measures of structural design.
引文
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[2] GBJ50011 - 2001(2008年版)《建筑抗震设计规范》[S].
[3]小谷俊介(叶烈平译).日本基于性能结构抗震设计方法的发展[J].建筑结构.2000, 30(6):3-9
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[6] Riddington J.R.The influence of initial gaps on infilled frame behavior [J].ProcInstn Civ Engrs, 1984, 77(1):295-310
[7] Angel R. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Walls [D].Department of Civil Engineering: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, l994
[8] Chaker Amar A,Cherifati Arslan.Influence of Masonry Infill Panels on the Vibrationand Stiffness Characteristics of R/C Frame Buildings [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1999, 12(3):1061-1065.
[9] Buonopane S.G. White R.N. Pseudodynamic Testing of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, l999, 125(6)
[10] Athanasios Dafnis, Holger Kolsch, and Hans-Gunter Reimerdes. Arching in masonry walls subjected to earthquake motions [J]. Journal of structural engineering.2002:153-159.
[11]曹万林,王光远,吴建有等.轻质填充墙异形柱框架结构层刚度及其衰减过程的研究[J].建筑结构学报,1995,16(5):20-31
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[14]邹昀.多层多跨带砌体填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架强度分析[J].江南大学学报,2003,2(2):186-189
[15]李常青.填充墙框架结构动力模型修正研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2004
[16]夏敬谦,关国雄,罗学海,廖德章.剪力墙结构、框架填充墙结构模型模拟地震试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动.1996, 16(2):55-66
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[18]谷野.框架、框剪结构中填充墙与主体结构的连接方法探讨.房材与应用.2005,33(181)6-7
[19]李社生.钢筋砼框架与填充墙之间的柔性连接.兰州工业高等专科学校学报.2003,10(3):53-56
[20] Mohammad Aliaari, Ali M. Memari. Analysis of masonry infilled steel frames with seismic isolator subframes. Engineering Structures. 2005,(27):487–500
[21]程云,刘明,王长玉等.填充墙与柱脱开构造方式的平面外稳定研究[J].华中科技大学学报。(城市科学版).2008, 25(4):238-241
[22]杨树标,刘建平,李荣华等.柔性连接填充墙框架结构模型振动台试验研究[J].工业建筑.2008,38:268-271
[23]张亚文,孙倩.砌体结构的一般构造措施探讨[J].科技园.2006,(3):58～59
[24]周定松,吕西林,蒋欢军.钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计方法[J].四川建筑科学研究.2005,31(6):122～127
[25]周定松,吕西林,蒋欢军.钢筋混凝土框架梁的变形能力及基于性能的抗震设计方法[J].地震工程与工程振动.2005,25(4):60～66
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[2] GBJ50011 - 2001(2008年版)《建筑抗震设计规范》[S].
[3]小谷俊介(叶烈平译).日本基于性能结构抗震设计方法的发展[J].建筑结构.2000, 30(6):3-9
[4] Polyakov S V. On the Interactions Between Masonry Filler Walls and Enclosing Frame When Loaded in the Plane of the Wall [M].Moscow: Translations in Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, 1956:125
[5] Benjamin J.R., Williams H.A. The Behavior of One-Story Shear Walls [J]. Journal of the Structural Division, Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers, 1958, 84(4):308-326
[6] Riddington J.R.The influence of initial gaps on infilled frame behavior [J].ProcInstn Civ Engrs, 1984, 77(1):295-310
[7] Angel R. Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Masonry Infill Walls [D].Department of Civil Engineering: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, l994
[8] Chaker Amar A,Cherifati Arslan.Influence of Masonry Infill Panels on the Vibrationand Stiffness Characteristics of R/C Frame Buildings [J]. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 1999, 12(3):1061-1065.
[9] Buonopane S.G. White R.N. Pseudodynamic Testing of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame [J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, l999, 125(6)
[10] Athanasios Dafnis, Holger Kolsch, and Hans-Gunter Reimerdes. Arching in masonry walls subjected to earthquake motions [J]. Journal of structural engineering.2002:153-159.
[11]曹万林,王光远,吴建有等.轻质填充墙异形柱框架结构层刚度及其衰减过程的研究[J].建筑结构学报,1995,16(5):20-31
[12]朱荣华,沈聚敏.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验及理论分析[J].建筑结构学报,1996,17(4):27-34
[13]邹昀.带砌体填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架受力性能分析[J].江南大学学报, 2002, 1(1): 76-81
[14]邹昀.多层多跨带砌体填充墙的钢筋混凝土框架强度分析[J].江南大学学报,2003,2(2):186-189
[15]李常青.填充墙框架结构动力模型修正研究[D].长沙:湖南大学,2004
[16]夏敬谦,关国雄,罗学海,廖德章.剪力墙结构、框架填充墙结构模型模拟地震试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动.1996, 16(2):55-66
[17]田志昌,韩建忠,朱梅生.耗能框架填充墙的设计和实验[J].包头钢铁学院学报.1997,16(4):294-298
[18]谷野.框架、框剪结构中填充墙与主体结构的连接方法探讨.房材与应用.2005,33(181)6-7
[19]李社生.钢筋砼框架与填充墙之间的柔性连接.兰州工业高等专科学校学报.2003,10(3):53-56
[20] Mohammad Aliaari, Ali M. Memari. Analysis of masonry infilled steel frames with seismic isolator subframes. Engineering Structures. 2005,(27):487–500
[21]程云,刘明,王长玉等.填充墙与柱脱开构造方式的平面外稳定研究[J].华中科技大学学报。(城市科学版).2008, 25(4):238-241
[22]杨树标,刘建平,李荣华等.柔性连接填充墙框架结构模型振动台试验研究[J].工业建筑.2008,38:268-271
[23]张亚文,孙倩.砌体结构的一般构造措施探讨[J].科技园.2006,(3):58～59
[24]周定松,吕西林,蒋欢军.钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计方法[J].四川建筑科学研究.2005,31(6):122～127
[25]周定松,吕西林,蒋欢军.钢筋混凝土框架梁的变形能力及基于性能的抗震设计方法[J].地震工程与工程振动.2005,25(4):60～66
[26]江见鲸,陆新征,叶列平.混凝土结构有限元分析[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005
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