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中国企业所得税制与外商直接投资问题研究
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摘要
在经济全球化的今天,各国要发展经济必须拥有优势资源,国家对经济资源的争夺带来了多方位的竞争,国际税收竞争就是其中的一个重要方面。各国为吸引外国资本,实行了各种税收政策。
     我国新企业所得税法的颁布实施,对营造各类企业公平竞争的税收环境,推进税制现代化建设,促进国民经济又好又快发展,将会产生深远影响。新的企业所得税制究竟会对外商直接投资产生怎样的影响,成为最近一段时期研究的热点。
     按照一般理论分析,税收政策与外商直接投资存在着密切的关系,如何利用税收政策吸引外商直接投资是理论研究的热点。我国现行企业所得税制度会对外商直接投资产生怎样的影响,应如何进一步完善吸引外商直接投资的企业所得税制,这一系列问题都值得全面、系统的研究。
     本文立足于我国当前所处的国内外经济环境,运用理论分析与实证分析的方法,对企业所得税制对我国外商直接投资的影响与存在的问题进行了分析,并通过对国外吸引外商直接投资税收政策的经验总结,得出对我国的启示。最后综合上述理论分析与实证研究,针对存在的问题,提出加以完善的建议。
     论文共分为六个部分。
     第一部分是引言。在经济全球化条件下,各国都在开展国际税收竞争,在这样的现实背景下,研究促进外商直接投资的企业所得税制度具有现实意义。并系统介绍了国内外学者在税收政策与外商直接投资方面的研究。
     第二部分是企业所得税与外商直接投资相关理论分析。企业所得税政策的影响程度可以用税收敏感度来说明,不同类型的企业敏感度不同,并且与企业所得税相配套的其他吸引外商直接投资因素也很重要。
     第三部分是企业所得税制与中国吸引外商直接投资的现状与问题分析。简要阐述了现行企业所得税制在吸引外商直接投资方面的重大变化,分析了两法合并后我国吸引外商直接投资的税收政策转变,着重分析了现行企业所得税制在吸引外商直接投资方面存在的问题,包括配套政策不到位、税收优惠落实不到位、相关政策尚需完善等问题。
     第四部分是运用企业所得税政策吸引外商直接投资的国际经验及借鉴。介绍了发达国家和发展中国家吸引外商直接投资的税收政策,通过比较,得出对我国的启示,应进一步调整区域税收优惠,实行从区域优惠到产业优惠的转变,改进税收优惠方式,调整税收优惠结构。
     第五部分是完善企业所得税制吸引外商直接投资的政策建议。首先提出了完善企业所得税制吸引外商直接投资的思路,企业所得税政策应与引资战略调整的侧重点紧密结合起来。其次提出了完善企业所得税制吸引外商直接投资的具体措施,包括尽快完善相关配套政策、进一步完善税收优惠,严格税收优惠管理,完善税收优惠制度,加强大企业税收管理。最后提出了完善企业所得税制吸引外商直接投资的配套制度,包括进一步改善投资环境,加强企业所得税制对外商直接投资影响的研究,加强对纳税人的服务。
     第六部分是结语。统一内外资企业所得税制度,调整外商投资企业所得税优惠政策,不但不会影响外商直接投资,而且会提高外商直接投资的质量。下一步的工作将是在具体目标确定后制订有效可行的规章制度、管理办法,使新的企业所得税法更具可操作性。
     总之,随着我国整体国力的提高,整体投资环境的改善,外商直接投资不会因企业所得税政策的调整受到影响。适应我国当前社会经济发展需要的企业所得税制度,将提高我国外商直接投资质量,进一步加快我国实现现代化进程。
Under economic globalization, the dominated economic resource is necessary for economic development for all the countries. To dominate the economic resource, the countries competed with each other in variety field, including the taxation competition. In order to attract foreign capital, different countries implement a variety of tax policy.
     "Enterprise Income Tax Law of the People's Republic of China" has been implemented. The new enterprise income tax law will benefit to build fair environment for competition, modernize tax system, and develop the economic healthy and rapidly. The impact of the new enterprise income tax on FDI has become a hot topic in recent period.
     According to a general theoretical analysis, there is a close relationship between tax policy and FDI, and how to take advantage of tax policy to attract FDI are hotspots. It deserves to be studied seriously that the impact of China's current enterprise income tax system on FDI, and how to improve enterprise income tax system to attract FDI.
     This article is based on our country's current international and domestic economic environment, using theoretical analysis and real diagnosis analysis methods to analyze the effect of enterprise income tax on FDI. And it has got the inspiration for our country through the experience of tax policy among foreign countries. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasure and advices according to the theoretical analysis and real diagnosis analysis, aiming at the subsistent problems. This article is divided into six parts.
     The first part is an introduction. Under economic globalization, international tax competition is more and more fierce among various countries. To promote FDI in the enterprise income tax has practical significance. Meanwhile, the paper introduces the research of tax policy and FDI of domestic and foreign scholars.
     The second part is the theoretical analysis of enterprise income tax and FDI. The impact of Enterprise income tax can be illustrated by the sensitivity of tax. Different types of enterprises have different sensitivity and other factors to attract FDI are also very important.
     The third part is the analysis of the China's present situation and problems in enterprise income tax system and attracting FDI. The paper briefly describe the major changes in attracting FDI in current enterprise income tax system, and analyses tax policy changes in attracting FDI after the merger of the two laws. Also, the paper analyses existing problems of attracting FDI in enterprise income tax system.
     The forth part is international experience and learn of using enterprise income tax policy to attract FDI, and introduces the tax policy of developed and developing countries. By comparison, it has come out that we should adjust the region tax policy, carrying out preferential policies form regional preference to industry preferences. It is necessary to improve the way of tax concessions, and adjust the structure of tax incentives
     The fifth part is the policy proposals about improving the enterprise income tax system to attract FDI. First of all, it puts forward a way to improve the enterprise income tax system to attract FDI. Enterprise income tax policy should be combined with the policy of attracting FDI, and the policy should be adjusted to closely the target, way and structure of investment strategies. Secondly, the paper puts forward the specific measures of improving the enterprise income tax system to attract FDI, including improving relevant supporting policies, improving the tax incentive, strengthening tax incentive management, improving the tax system and strengthening the tax administration in large enterprises. Finally, the perfect enterprise income tax system to attract FDI in the supporting systems is put forward, including further improving the investment environment, strengthening the enterprise income tax system on the impact of FDI in research and strengthening of services to taxpayers.
     The sixth part is a conclusion. Unifying the enterprise income tax system and adjusting the income tax incentive policies for foreign-invested enterprises, not only will not affect FDI, but also will improve the quality of FDI. The next step will be determined by the specific aim to develop effective and workable rules and regulations and management practices, so that the new Enterprise Income Tax Law will be more operational.
     In general, since the integrated national competence and investment environment of China have been well developed, the new tax law will not drive away FDI. The new enterprise income-tax law, which satisfied the requirement of current social and economic statue, will upgrade the quality of FDI and accelerate the modernization of China.
引文
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