大型机组轴系激光对中精密检测技术研究
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摘要
在大型化、规模化工业的今天,大型机组已经是重型机械、船舶行业、热电行业、石油化工等领域的主要动力传输设备,而大型机组的心脏是轴系,轴系的对中技术成熟与否,对这些行业有着深远的影响。本文在查阅国内外大量相关文献资料的基础上,对大型机组激光对中检测系统中所涉及的理论模型及关键技术进行了深入的研究,并开发了激光对中检测系统。
论文建立了两个不同类型轴系对中检测的数学模型,一个是PSD绕轴承槽“中心点”旋转并伸缩测试的数学模型,一个是PSD绕轴承槽“中心点”旋转测试的数学模型,并对数学模型进行了仿真,验证了两个模型的正确性;依据所建数学模型,论文对系统进行了总体设计,采用位置敏感探测器PSD作为传感器,通过实验获取PSD的大量数据,针对PSD的非线性标定问题,运用人工神经网络BP优化算法进行线性化处理,极大地减小了PSD的枕形失真,使测量精度达到3μm,实现了激光光斑空间位置的精确测量;为获得光靶在轴承槽内不同测量位置处产生的与铅锤方向的夹角,本文采用先进的光电检测技术研发了倾角测量仪,其测量精度达到1';此外,本文针对背景光的干扰问题进行了深入研究,提出了长距离弱信号提取及工况环境光学相关抗干扰技术,采用了自相关理论滤波以提高有用信号的可靠性,消除了背景光的干扰。论文还对影响大型机组轴系对中检测系统测量精度的因素进行了分析,对其在检测过程中PSD平面法线平行于准直光偏角带来的误差建立了误差在线校正数学模型,通过数学仿真验证了该模型的正确性,另外对各轴承槽调整进行整体优化,减轻系统装校修正量。
该大型机组激光对中检测系统安装简单,使用快捷,能够自动显示偏差,自动计算轴系的移动量和移动角度,进而给出各轴承槽修磨量,精确地实现了轴系对中。
At present large-scale industrial world,the large-size generating set is already the main power transmission equipment of the heavy machinery,shipbuilding industry,thermoelectric industry,petrochemical industry and so on,while the shafting is the heart of this large-size generating set,the axes alignment technology is mature or not has a far-reaching impact on these industries.Based on the large number of relevant domestic and international literature and information,this paper did an in-depth research on the theoretical models and key technologies of the laser axes alignment measuring system of the large-size generating set, and developed a laser axes alignment measuring system.
This paper established two mathematical models for different types of shafting.One is PSD rotated and flexible tested around“center point”of the bearing groove,the other is PSD rotated and tested around“center point”of the bearing groove.And also had simulated this two models to verify the correctness;According to the mathematical models,this paper did an integrated design of the system.It used position-sensitive detector PSD as sensors,and got large amounts of PSD data through experiments.And used artificial neural network optimization algorithm to deal with the PSD non-linear calibration problems,which had greatly reduced the PSD pincushion distortion and made the measurement accuracy come to 3 um.It realized an accurate measurement of the laser spot location in the space;In order to get the angles between the light receiving target in different measuring position of the bearing groove and the plumb-line,this paper researched and developed the slope angle measuring instrument using advanced optoelectronic detection technology,and the accuracy is 1';In addition,this paper did an in-depth research against the background light interference problem,put forward the long-distance weak signal pick-up and the working condition environment optical correlation anti-jamming technology,and used the autocorrelation theory filter to enhance the reliability of useful signals,and then eliminated the interference of the background light.This paper also analyzed the factors that influenced the measurement accuracy of the axes alignment measuring system of the large-size generating set,established a on-line error-correction mathematical model for the error brought by the PSD plane normal paralleled with the collimation beam declination during measuring process,and validated its correctness through mathematical simulation,and also optimized the adjustment of each bearing groove integrally,as well as reduced the amount of the adjustment and correction of the system.
This laser axes alignment detection system of the large-size genearating set can be installed simply,and it is convenient to use.It can automatically show deviation and calculate the moving range and angle of the shafting,then give the grinding range of each bearing groove.It realizes the axes alignment precisely.
论文建立了两个不同类型轴系对中检测的数学模型,一个是PSD绕轴承槽“中心点”旋转并伸缩测试的数学模型,一个是PSD绕轴承槽“中心点”旋转测试的数学模型,并对数学模型进行了仿真,验证了两个模型的正确性;依据所建数学模型,论文对系统进行了总体设计,采用位置敏感探测器PSD作为传感器,通过实验获取PSD的大量数据,针对PSD的非线性标定问题,运用人工神经网络BP优化算法进行线性化处理,极大地减小了PSD的枕形失真,使测量精度达到3μm,实现了激光光斑空间位置的精确测量;为获得光靶在轴承槽内不同测量位置处产生的与铅锤方向的夹角,本文采用先进的光电检测技术研发了倾角测量仪,其测量精度达到1';此外,本文针对背景光的干扰问题进行了深入研究,提出了长距离弱信号提取及工况环境光学相关抗干扰技术,采用了自相关理论滤波以提高有用信号的可靠性,消除了背景光的干扰。论文还对影响大型机组轴系对中检测系统测量精度的因素进行了分析,对其在检测过程中PSD平面法线平行于准直光偏角带来的误差建立了误差在线校正数学模型,通过数学仿真验证了该模型的正确性,另外对各轴承槽调整进行整体优化,减轻系统装校修正量。
该大型机组激光对中检测系统安装简单,使用快捷,能够自动显示偏差,自动计算轴系的移动量和移动角度,进而给出各轴承槽修磨量,精确地实现了轴系对中。
At present large-scale industrial world,the large-size generating set is already the main power transmission equipment of the heavy machinery,shipbuilding industry,thermoelectric industry,petrochemical industry and so on,while the shafting is the heart of this large-size generating set,the axes alignment technology is mature or not has a far-reaching impact on these industries.Based on the large number of relevant domestic and international literature and information,this paper did an in-depth research on the theoretical models and key technologies of the laser axes alignment measuring system of the large-size generating set, and developed a laser axes alignment measuring system.
This paper established two mathematical models for different types of shafting.One is PSD rotated and flexible tested around“center point”of the bearing groove,the other is PSD rotated and tested around“center point”of the bearing groove.And also had simulated this two models to verify the correctness;According to the mathematical models,this paper did an integrated design of the system.It used position-sensitive detector PSD as sensors,and got large amounts of PSD data through experiments.And used artificial neural network optimization algorithm to deal with the PSD non-linear calibration problems,which had greatly reduced the PSD pincushion distortion and made the measurement accuracy come to 3 um.It realized an accurate measurement of the laser spot location in the space;In order to get the angles between the light receiving target in different measuring position of the bearing groove and the plumb-line,this paper researched and developed the slope angle measuring instrument using advanced optoelectronic detection technology,and the accuracy is 1';In addition,this paper did an in-depth research against the background light interference problem,put forward the long-distance weak signal pick-up and the working condition environment optical correlation anti-jamming technology,and used the autocorrelation theory filter to enhance the reliability of useful signals,and then eliminated the interference of the background light.This paper also analyzed the factors that influenced the measurement accuracy of the axes alignment measuring system of the large-size generating set,established a on-line error-correction mathematical model for the error brought by the PSD plane normal paralleled with the collimation beam declination during measuring process,and validated its correctness through mathematical simulation,and also optimized the adjustment of each bearing groove integrally,as well as reduced the amount of the adjustment and correction of the system.
This laser axes alignment detection system of the large-size genearating set can be installed simply,and it is convenient to use.It can automatically show deviation and calculate the moving range and angle of the shafting,then give the grinding range of each bearing groove.It realizes the axes alignment precisely.
引文
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