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分布式船舶实时动态跟踪系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着计算机网络和新的通信技术的成熟,以及GPS(Global Positioning System)技术民用的不断普及,船舶的跟踪定位的各项技术都已能适应现实应用的要求。采用不同于以往的先进思想和技术开发出一个实用的船舶动态跟踪系统就是论文研究的方向。
     传统的开发方法有一些局限,它们开发的往往是一个独立且封闭的系统,缺乏扩展性、适应性、灵活性,很难适应外部环境的变化,系统的更新和维护成本都很高。因此,论文把面向对象的开发思想和基于组件的CORBA(Common Object Request Broker Architecture)模型融入到论文的研究中,使系统具有良好的开放性和扩展性,以适应各种应用的需要。
     论文在网络中构造出一系列分布式的组件,通过CORBA总线进行交互,通过公开固定的接口互访。每个组件都隐藏了自己的实现细节,相互独立。只有在需要对方提供的服务时才会建立联系。
     根据系统中定位数据的获取,存储,使用这三个过程,论文对各组件的功能和实现进行了描述。结合数据获取机制,论文对当前热门的无线通信方式进行了研究和比较,决定采用比较适合船舶动态跟踪信息的突发性和实时性的特点的CDPD(Cellular Digital Packet Data)通信系统来传输数据。在数据存取过程中,论文采用了基于网络的三层数据库体系结构,利用中间层隔离了客户端和数据库的访问,降低了网络通信负载和数据库的负担。数据库模型采用了面向对象的思想,以船舶实体为例进行了研究。本系统跟踪船舶动态信息主要是为了船舶的定位,论文在此基础上讨论了在电子海图上进行船舶定位的方法。最后,论文简要讨论了GPS定位和地图匹配方法的研究。
With the maturity of the new technology of computer network and communication, also with the prevalence for public uses of the technology of GPS, each technologies for tracking and locating ships have come to adapt to the requirement of the applications. Applying a few advanced ideas and technologies other than ago to develop a useful ship real-time dynamic trailing system is our study direction.
    It is concluded that the limit of systems developed by the traditional methods is that they are standing alone, occluded and lacking the extensibility, adaptabilities and flexibilities. That's difficult for it to adapt the changing environment and the cost of enhancement and maintenance is very high. Thus the thesis have applied the object-oriented ideas and CORBA-based infrastructure in our study. The thesis make the system such a wide openness and extendibility that it is guaranteed to meet each application.
    The thesis have developed a series of components in the network, co-operating on the base of CORBA infrastructure. They use the common interfaces to access each other and hide the details of implement of their own. So they are independent each and establish a relationship only when they need the services provided by the others.
    According to the courses of locating data acquisition, storing and using, The thesis describe the functions of the components and the courses of realization. Combining with the mechanism of data acquisition, The thesis study and compare the modem ways of communication, and choose the CDPD communication network to transfer the out-bursting information from the ships in real-time mode. During the course of data storing, The thesis apply the three-tier database structure based on network, insulate the access between the client and the server by the middle tier, so as to lighten the load of the network traffic and database server. The model of
    
    
    
    
    database is adopted the thought of object-oriented, and the thesis give a demonstration of the entity of ship. The main purpose to track the information of ship is to locate the ship so the thesis discuss the method to locate the ship on e-chart. Finally, The thesis discuss briefly GPS positioning and map match.
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