（Ag）/Fe/Ag纳米薄膜的制备、微结构和磁特性研究
|
摘要
探索和研究新型磁性材料的物性和微结构之间的关系一直以来都是磁学领域的研究热点。尤其是近年来,伴随着器件的小型化,磁性器件单元的尺度越来越小,因此纳米尺度受限体系的磁学性质的研究就显得尤为重要了。这些受限体系的磁组态往往表现出新颖的物理现象,因而受到国内外同行的广泛关注。本论文利用对靶磁控溅射法制备了一系列Ag/Fe/Ag,Fe/Ag铁磁金属纳米薄膜,并利用VSM、XRD和SPM等对材料的磁特性和微结构进行了研究。取得的主要研究结果如下:
1.在室温下采用磁控溅射法制备了Ag(x nm) /Fe (35 nm) /Ag (x nm)系列薄膜,覆盖层和衬底层的厚度x = 1,2,3,4,和5 nm。对样品的微结构和磁特性进行了研究。我们发现衬底层和覆盖层厚度对于样品的微结构和磁性能影响很大。Ag层厚度为3纳米时矫顽力最大约为135 Oe,粗糙度最小约为0.7。同时XRD衍射图谱证明磁晶各向异性对样品矫顽力的影响不大,样品的形状各向异性起主要作用。
2.在室温下采用磁控溅射法制备了Ag(3nm)/Fe(xnm)/Ag(3nm)薄膜样品。x=10,15,25,35和40 nm。发现Fe磁性层的厚度对样品的磁性能和微结构有很大的影响。磁性层厚度为35纳米时,样品垂直矫顽力较大约为135 Oe。且平均粒径和磁畴尺寸也比较小。
3.采用对靶磁控溅射法制备的Ag(3 nm)/Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm)纳米薄膜。随后进行30分钟的原位退火,发现退火温度对样品微结构和磁特性有重要影响。随退火温度的增加,矫顽力呈先稍微减小后增加的趋势。退火温度为500℃时,矫顽力达到最大,垂直矫顽力约为3.3 KOe,表面平均粗糙度约为1.2 nm,δM曲线表明此时颗粒间交换耦合作用较弱,静磁相互作用较强。
4.采用直流对靶磁控溅射法在普通玻璃基片上制备了Fe(35nm)/Ag(3nm)薄膜,随后进行30 min原位退火。发现500℃原位退火时,样品的垂直膜面矫顽力最大约为522 Oe,不同的退火温度,对样品的微结构和磁特性影响很大
The research about the microstructure and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic metal films has attracted much attention in magnetism domain. This research has been of both technology and scientific interest. In present paper, nanogranular and ferromagnetic metal films were prepared by facing magnetron sputtering method. The magnetic properties and microstructure of these films have been investigated in detail by VSM, XRD and SPM.
The main research results are summarized as follows:
1. Ag(x nm) /Fe (35 nm) /Ag (x nm) (x = 1,2,3,4, 5 nm) films have been prepared using a dc facing magnetron sputtering method. The structure and magnetic properties of the films were researched. It has been found that the structure and magnetic properties of the films depend strongly on the Ag layer thickness. The coercivity of Ag(3 nm) /Fe (35 nm) /Ag (3 nm) film reaches about 135 Oe. The granulars becomes fine and the surface mean roughness of the films is 0.7nm. XRD suggested that the origin of large coercivity is grains shape anisotropy.
2. Ag(3 nm)/Fe(x nm)/Ag(3 nm) films have been fabricated using a dc facing magnetron sputtering method. The results indicate that the structure and magnetic properties depend strongly on Fe layer thickness. The perpendicular coercivity of the film reaches about 135 Oe just at x =35 nm . AFM images and MFM images show the average grain size and average magnetic cluster size are small.
3. Ag(3 nm)/Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm) films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The structure and magnetic properties depend strongly on the postannealing temperature. The coercivity values first decrease then increase as postannealing temperature increase. The coercivity value reaches the maximum at Ta=500℃. The perpendicular coercivity and the average roughness are obtained about 3.3 kOe and 1.2 nm. We analyzed theδM curves of Ag(3 nm)/Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm) annealed at 500℃for 30 min. The shape of curve shows negative deviations, so we thick that the exchange interaction is mitigated,magnetostatic interactions is the major.
4. Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm) films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. It has been found that the high perpendicular coercivity is obtained in the film annealed at 500oC for30 min, and about 522 Oe . The structure and magnetic properties depend strongly on the postannealing temperature.
1.在室温下采用磁控溅射法制备了Ag(x nm) /Fe (35 nm) /Ag (x nm)系列薄膜,覆盖层和衬底层的厚度x = 1,2,3,4,和5 nm。对样品的微结构和磁特性进行了研究。我们发现衬底层和覆盖层厚度对于样品的微结构和磁性能影响很大。Ag层厚度为3纳米时矫顽力最大约为135 Oe,粗糙度最小约为0.7。同时XRD衍射图谱证明磁晶各向异性对样品矫顽力的影响不大,样品的形状各向异性起主要作用。
2.在室温下采用磁控溅射法制备了Ag(3nm)/Fe(xnm)/Ag(3nm)薄膜样品。x=10,15,25,35和40 nm。发现Fe磁性层的厚度对样品的磁性能和微结构有很大的影响。磁性层厚度为35纳米时,样品垂直矫顽力较大约为135 Oe。且平均粒径和磁畴尺寸也比较小。
3.采用对靶磁控溅射法制备的Ag(3 nm)/Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm)纳米薄膜。随后进行30分钟的原位退火,发现退火温度对样品微结构和磁特性有重要影响。随退火温度的增加,矫顽力呈先稍微减小后增加的趋势。退火温度为500℃时,矫顽力达到最大,垂直矫顽力约为3.3 KOe,表面平均粗糙度约为1.2 nm,δM曲线表明此时颗粒间交换耦合作用较弱,静磁相互作用较强。
4.采用直流对靶磁控溅射法在普通玻璃基片上制备了Fe(35nm)/Ag(3nm)薄膜,随后进行30 min原位退火。发现500℃原位退火时,样品的垂直膜面矫顽力最大约为522 Oe,不同的退火温度,对样品的微结构和磁特性影响很大
The research about the microstructure and magnetic properties of ferromagnetic metal films has attracted much attention in magnetism domain. This research has been of both technology and scientific interest. In present paper, nanogranular and ferromagnetic metal films were prepared by facing magnetron sputtering method. The magnetic properties and microstructure of these films have been investigated in detail by VSM, XRD and SPM.
The main research results are summarized as follows:
1. Ag(x nm) /Fe (35 nm) /Ag (x nm) (x = 1,2,3,4, 5 nm) films have been prepared using a dc facing magnetron sputtering method. The structure and magnetic properties of the films were researched. It has been found that the structure and magnetic properties of the films depend strongly on the Ag layer thickness. The coercivity of Ag(3 nm) /Fe (35 nm) /Ag (3 nm) film reaches about 135 Oe. The granulars becomes fine and the surface mean roughness of the films is 0.7nm. XRD suggested that the origin of large coercivity is grains shape anisotropy.
2. Ag(3 nm)/Fe(x nm)/Ag(3 nm) films have been fabricated using a dc facing magnetron sputtering method. The results indicate that the structure and magnetic properties depend strongly on Fe layer thickness. The perpendicular coercivity of the film reaches about 135 Oe just at x =35 nm . AFM images and MFM images show the average grain size and average magnetic cluster size are small.
3. Ag(3 nm)/Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm) films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The structure and magnetic properties depend strongly on the postannealing temperature. The coercivity values first decrease then increase as postannealing temperature increase. The coercivity value reaches the maximum at Ta=500℃. The perpendicular coercivity and the average roughness are obtained about 3.3 kOe and 1.2 nm. We analyzed theδM curves of Ag(3 nm)/Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm) annealed at 500℃for 30 min. The shape of curve shows negative deviations, so we thick that the exchange interaction is mitigated,magnetostatic interactions is the major.
4. Fe(35 nm)/Ag(3 nm) films were prepared by magnetron sputtering. It has been found that the high perpendicular coercivity is obtained in the film annealed at 500oC for30 min, and about 522 Oe . The structure and magnetic properties depend strongly on the postannealing temperature.
引文
[1] 吴自勤,王兵.《薄膜生长》[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2001: 1-80.
[2] 田民波,刘德令编译.《薄膜科学与技术手册》[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1991: 1-120.
[3] 陈光华,邓金祥. 《新型电子薄膜材料》[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社,2002:1-60.
[4] 许佳玲. C(Ti)/FePt/Ti(Fe)系列薄膜样品的微结构和磁特性研究[D]. 石家庄: 河北师范大学,2006.
[5] Iwasaki.S, Nakamula.Y, An analysis for the magnetization mode for high density magnetic recording[J]. IEEE Trans Magn., 1977, 13(5): 1272-1277.
[6] Hellwig.O, Berger.A, Thomson.T. Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media[J]. J Appl Phys, 2007,90(162516):1-3.
[7] R. C. 奥汉德利 [美].《现代磁性材料原理与应用》[M]. 化学工业出版社,2002.
[8] 戴道生,钱昆明著.铁磁学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2000:190~246.
[9] 王芳,许小红,武海顺. [FePt/Ag]10 多层膜的结构和磁学性能[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(19): 1950-1953.
[10] Wu.X. W, Van de Veerdonk. R. J. M, Chantrell. R. W, et al. ΔM study of perpendicular recording media[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003, 93(10): 6760-6763.
[11] Brzozka.K.A, Slawska,Waniewska. Mossbaner study of FeZrB(Cu) amorphous alloys[J]. J Magn Magn Mater , 1996, 154: 254-256.
[12] Bottoni. G, Candolfo. D, and Cecchetti, A. Magnetostatic interaction in films for perpendicular recording media[J]. J Appl Phys, 1999, 85(8):4729-4732.
[13] Bottoni.G. Influence of the magnetostatic interactions on the reversal mode of magnetic recording particles[J]. J Appl Phys, 1991, 69(8): 4499-4501.
[14] Sato.H, Honda.K. Transprot properties in Co-Cu granular alloy[J]. J Magn Magn. Mater, 1996,152 (2):109-115.
[15] Ding. J, I.Smith. P.A, Mcormick. P.G, Street. R. Magnetisation processes and magnetic viscosity of mechanically alloyed SmCo5[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.1996 ,161(3):303-308.
[16] Kelly. P.E, Grady. K.O, Hayo. P.I, et.al. Switching mechanisms in cobaltphosphorus films[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn. 1989,25: 3881-3883.
[17] Yasuo. Tateno, Kazuharu. Iwasaki. Interparticle interaction and magnetic anisotropy in vacuum evaporated Co-O perpendicular magnetic thin film[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2001,235:153-158.
[18] Velu. E.M.T, Lambeth.D.N. High density recording on SmCo/Cr thin film media[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn, 1992,28(5):3249-3254.
[19] EI-hilo. M, Grady. K.O, Mayo. P.I, IEEE Trans Magn.1992, 28: 3282-3285.
[20] 王芳,许小红. 振动样品磁强计在磁记录介质中的应用[J].信息记录材料,2005,02:59-63.
[21] 王芳,许小红,武海顺. [FePt/Ag]10 多层膜的结构和磁学性能[J]. 科学通报. 2004,19(49):1950-1953.
[22] Wohlfarth. E.P. Relations between different modes of acquisition of the remanent magnetization of ferromagnetic particles[J]. J Appl Phys. 1958, 29(3): 595-596.
[23] Delaunay. J.-J, Hayashi,T, Tomita.M,Hirono.S and Umemura.S. CoPt-C nanogranular magnetic thin films[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1997; 71 : 3427-3730.
[24] Berkov. D.V, Petinov.V. Effect of interaction and anisotropy constant distribution on the magnetization processes of particulate media[J]. IEEE Trans Magn. 1987,23(1): 189-191.
[25] Wang.J, Jewell.GW. A novel spherical actuator: design and control[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn, 1987,23(6): 273-282.
[26] Spratt.G.W, Bissell.P.R, Chantrell.R.W, Wohlfarth.E.P. J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 1988,75 (3): 309-312.
[27] Bissell. P.R, Chantrell. R.W, Tomka.G, et.al. Interaction phenomena in polymer bonded permanent magnet powders[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn, 1989,25(6): 3650-3652.
[28] Speliotis.D.E, Lynch.W. Magnetic interactions in particulate and thin-film recording media[J]. J Appl Phys. 1991,69 (8): 4496-4498.
[29] Stefan Thanmm, Jürgen Hesse. A simple plot indicating interactions between single-domain particles[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1996,154(2): 254-262.
[30] Giora.J.Tarnopolsky, Neal.Bertram.H., andLung.T.Tran. Magnetization fluctuationsand characteristic lengths for sputtered CoP/Cr thin-film media[J]. J Appl Phys.1991, 85(8):4730-4732.
[31] Yousong Gu, Dayong Zhang, Xiaoyuan Zhan, et al. The origin of (001) texture evolution in FePt thin films on amorphous substrates[J]. J Appl Phys. 2006, 99:053906.
[32] Chen. S. K, Yuan. F. T, Chang.W.C. et al. Magnetic properties of FePt and Fe50Pt50-x Nbx thin films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2002,239(1): 471-474.
[33] Li.N, Lairson.B.M, and Kwon.O. H. Magnetic characterization of intermetallic compound FePt and FePtX Thin films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999,205(1):1-6.
[34] Islam.J,Yamamoto.Y,et.al. A comparative study of Co and Fe thin films deposited on GaAs(001) substrate[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.2008, 320:571-574
[35] 钟文定.《铁磁学》(中册)[M]. 科学出版社,2000.
[36] Marian.vopsaroiu, John.Blackburn,et.al. Multiferroic magnetic recording read head technology for 1Tbit/in2 and beyond[J]. J Appl Phys. 2008,103(07F506):1-3.
[37] Ong.C.K., Fang.H.C, Yang.Z. et al. Magnetic relations in Zn-Sn-depoed barium ferrite nanoparticles for recording[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.2000,213(3): 413-417.
[38] Witte.A.M., O′ Grady. K., Coverdale G. N., et al. Activation volumes of reversal in ultrafine particles and recording media[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1990, 88(3): 183-193.
[39] Yousong Gu, Dayong Zhang, Xiaoyuan Zhan, et al. Exchange Spring Type Magnet Realized in FePt/Fe Multilayers Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering[J].IEEE Trans. Magn. 2003,39:2758-2760.
[40] Kikitsu.A, Murayama.A,Hyomi.K,and Falco.C.M. Mictomagnetic study of CoPt-SiO2 granular films by spin-wave brillouin scattering[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9): 6944-6947.
[41] Luo.C.P, Liou.S.H, Sellmyer.D.J. FtPt:SiO2 granular thin film for high density magnetic recording[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9): 6941-6944.
[42] Yu.M,Liu.Y, D.J.Sellmyer. Nanostructure and magnetic properties of composite CoPt:C films forextremelyhigh-density recording[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9):6959-6962.
[43] Romero. S. A, Cornejo.D.R, Rhen.F.M, Neiva. A.C,Tabacniks.M.H, and Missell. F. P.Magnetic properties and underlayer thickness in SmCo/Cr films[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9): 6965-6968.
[44] Shigeto Takei, Akimitsu Morisako, and Mitsunori Matsumoto. Effect of underlayer thickness on magnetic properties of SmCo film[J]. J Appl Phys, 2000,87(9): 6968-6971.
[45] Yi.Kun. Su, Dong-Huan. Qin, Hao-Li Zhang, et.al. Microstructure and magnetic properties of bamboo-like CoPt/Pt multilayered nanowire arrays[J]. Chem Phys Lett. 2004,204(4):406-410.
[46] Yu Huang, Xiang Duan, Yi Cui, et.al. Gallium nitride nanowire nanodevices[J] Science, 2001,294(11):101-104.
[47] Berkowtz. A. E, Mitekell. J. R, Corey. M. J, et.al. Giant magnetoresistance in heterogeous Cu-Co alloys[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 1992,68(25):3745-3748.
[48] Lim.B.C, Chen.J.S, Wang.J.P. Thickness dependence of structural and magnetic properties of FePt films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2004,271(2): 159-164.
[49] Toney.M.F, Marinero.E.E, Doerner.M.F and Rice.P. M. Effect of reaction time and P content on mechanical strength of the interface formed between enthetic Sn-Ag solder and Au electroless Ni(p) /Cu bond pad[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,94(6): 4018-4115.
[50] Lie.C. T, Kuo.P.C, Shen.C. L. Method for hybrid recording with single layer CoTbAg medium[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,94(4):2538-2542.
[51] Piramanayagam. S. N, Yin. J. H, Zhao. H. B, Kasim. J, Chen.Y.J, Zhang.J, Hee.C. H. Dynamic orientation ratio in longitudinal recording media[J]. Appl Phys Lett 2003, 83(6):1175-1178.
[52] Lyberatos.A, Guslienko.K.Yu Thermal stability of the magnetization following thermomgnetic writing perpendicular media[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,94(2): 1119-1130.
[53] Michael F. Toney, Wen-Yaung Lee, Jonathan A. Hedstrom, and Andrew Kellock. Thickness and growth temperature dependence of structure and magnetism in FtPt Thin films[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,93(12): 9902-9908.
[54] Chen.C.C, Hashimoto.M, Shi. J, Nakamura.Y, Nittono.O, and Barna.P.B, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co-TiN composite film with nano-fiber structure[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(10): 6273-6279.
[55] Takahashi.Y.K, Ohkubo.T, Ohnuma. M, and Hono.K. Size effect on the ordering of FePt granular films[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(10): 7166-7169.
[56] Ostanin.S,Razee.S.S.A,Staunton.J.B,Ginatempo.B,andEzio.Bruno. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and composition order in Fe0.5Pt0.5 calculation from an ab initio electronic modle[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(1):453-458.
[57] Hiroyuki Katayama, Kosuke Watanabe, Kazuhisa Takayama, Jun-ichi Sato, Shintaro Miyanishi, Kunio Kojima, Kenji Ohta. Effect of under layer of laser-assisted magnetic recording media on high-density recording[J]. Appl Phys Lett. 2002, 81(26):4994-4997.
[58] Papusoi.C, Abarra.E.N, Suzuki. T. Study of the reversal mechanism in longitudinal hard disk media: the role of k1/k2[J]. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92(12): 7373-7381.
[59] Hao.Ouyang, Jen-Tai Kwan. Occupancy of the 3d electron shell of Co and Cr in nanosized CoCrPt magnetic thin film[J]. J Appl Phys. 2002, 92(12):7510-7512.
[60] Margulies.D.T, Moser.A,Schabes.M.E, Fullerton. Eric. E. Thermal activation and reversal time in antiferromagnetically coupled media[J]. Appl Phys Lett., 2002, 81(24): 4631-4633.
[61] Erik B. Svedberg, Sakhrat Khizroev, Chunghee H. Chang, and Dmitri Litvinov. Signal-to-noise deterioration in perpendicular storage media by thermal and magnetic field aging as determined by magnetic force microscopy[J]. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92(11):6714-6121.
[62] Kai-Zhong Gao, Eric D. Boerner, H. Neal Bertram. Fast switching in a single domain particles under sub-stoner-wohlfarth switching fields[J]. Appl Phys Lett., 2002, 81(21): 4008-4011.
[63] Onoue. T, Asahi.T, Kuramochi.K, Kawaji.J, Osaka.T, Ariake.J, Ouchi.K, Sáfrán.G, Yaguchi.N. Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pt multilayered thin films with C or Si seedlayer[J]. J Appl Phys., 2002, 92(8):4545-4553.
[64] Bottoni.G, Candolfo.D, Cecchetti.A. The magnetic anisotropy and its distribution in CoCrPtTa/CrV thin film recording media[J]. J Appl Phys., 2002, 91(10):8602-8605.
[65] Yan.M.L, Zeng.H, Powers.N andSellmyer.D.J. L10(001)-orientedFePt:B2O3 Composite films for perpendicular recording[J]. J Appl Phys,2002, 91(10):8471-8473.
[66] Kawai. S. and Ueda.R, Electrochem. J. Soc. 1975, 122(2): 32-36.
[67] Martin, C.R. Science, 1994, 266(1): 1961-1966.
[68] Shimada.Y, Sakurai. T, T.mIYazaki, O.KitakamiandS.Okamoto. Fabrication of two-dimensional assembly of L10 FePt particles[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2003,262(3): 329-338.
[69] Karanasos.V, Panagiotopoulos.I, Niarchos.D. et al. CoPt/Ag nanocomposites with (100) texture. Appl.Phys.Lett. 2001,79(9): 1255-1258.
[70] Zheng Gai, J. Y. Howe, Jiandong Guo, et al. Appl Phys Lett. 2005,86(23):
[71] Lim.B.C, Chen.J.SAND, Wang.J.P. Thickness dependence of structural and magnetic properties of FePt films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.2004,271:159-164.
[72] Takahashl.Y. K, Ohnuma.M, Hono.K. Ordering process of sputtered FePt films[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,93(10):7580-7585.
[73] Hara.k, Itoh.K et al. Magnetic and optical anisotropy depth profiles in obliquely deposited iron and cobalt films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1992,116(3), 441-448.
[74] Hiroakl Kura, Tetsuya Sato, Synethesis of L10(FeyPt100-y)100-xCux nanoparticles with high coercivity by annealing at 400℃[J]. J Appl Phys. 2004,96(10): 5771-5774.
[75] ErikB.Svedberg, Jonathan J. Mallett, Safak Sayan, et.al. Recrystallization texture,epitaxy,and magnetic properties of electrodeposited FePt on Cu(001) [J]. Appl Phys Lett. 2004, 85(8): 1353-1355.
[76] Willoughby.S. D. Electronic and magnetic properties of Fe1-xCuxPt[J]. J Appl Phys. 2004,95(11), 6586-6588.
[77] 唐伟忠.薄膜材料制备原理、技术及应用[M].冶金工业出版社,1988.
[78] K. Barmak, J. Kim. Calorimetric studies of the Al to L10 transformation in FePt and related ternary alloy thin film[J]. J Appl Phys, 95(11) (2004) 7486-7487.
[79] Anup G. Roy, N. T. Nuhfer, David E. Laughlin. Postannealing effects on magnetic properties and microstructure of CoCrPt/Ti perpendicular recording nedia[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,93(10):8179-8181 .
[80] 麻蒔立男 [日]. 《薄膜技术基础》[M].电子工业出版社,1988.
[81] Chemam.F, Bouabellou.A, Halimi.R. Ag layer thickness dependence of magnetic properties[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2000,211: 320-325.
[82] Temst.K, Verbanck.G, Schad.R. Structure and magnetic properties of Fe/Cr and Fe/Ag multilayers[J]. Physica B. 1997,234:467-469.
[83] Yu.C.C, Cheng.W.c.et.al. Magnetic properties of Fe thin films on Ag submicrometer islands[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(10):7468-7471.
[84] Hung.Dumg.Shing, Tsai.Chen.S et.al.Microwave switching behaviors of Fe/Ag/Fe/Ag epitaxial films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2006,304:118-120.
[85] Kurowski.D, Brand.K, Frait.Z, Pelzl.J. Magnetic properties of ion beam and annealed Ag/Fe/Ag-(001)-layers[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 1999,198:360-362.
[86] Soares.J.M, Cabral.F.a.o.et.al. Giant magnetoimpedance in FeAg granular alloys[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2006,80(14):2532-2535.
[87] Luetkens.H, Korecki.J.et.al. Long rang electron spin polaration in the Ag layer of a Fe/Ag film[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2004,272-276:1128-1129.
[88] Baszynski.J, Tolinski.T. Magnetic properties of ultra-thin iron films in Ag/Fe/Ag sandwiches[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 1996,160:345-346.
[89] Yu.Lin,Chen.Fang. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity studies of Si, Fe, Ti, Al and Ag films’ prepared by magnetron sputtering[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2008,69(3):733-737.
[90] Pawe?.Kapturski , Andrzej.Bobrowski. The silver amalgam film electrode in catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of cobalt and nickel[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2008, In Press.
[91] María L. Bosko, David Yepes, Silvia Irusta, Pierre Eloy, Patricio Ruiz, Eduardo A. Lombardo, Laura M. Cornaglia. Characterization of Pd–Ag membranes after exposure to hydrogen flux at high temperatures[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2007,306(1-2):56-65.
[92] Xiaozheng Yu, Zhigang Shen, Zheng Xu. Preparation and characterization of Ag-coated cenospheres by magnetron sputtering method[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2007,265(2):637-640.
[93] Paolo Allia, Federica Celegato, Marco Co?sson, Paola Tiberto, Franco Vinai, Franca Albertini, Francesca Casoli, Simone Fabbrici. Effect of Ag addition on the magneticand magneto resistance properties of Fe53Pt47 films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2007, 316(2):e35-e39.
[94] Sarmiento. G., Fdez-Gubieda.M.L, Siruguri.V, Lezama.L, Orue.I. Ferromagnetic resonance study of Fe50Ag50 granular film[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2007, 316(2):e59-e62.
[95] Feng.C, Li. B.H, Han. G, Teng. J, Jiang.Y, Yang.T, Yu.G.H. Effect of the underlayer (Ag, Ti or Bi) on the magnetic properties of Fe/Pt multilayer films[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2007,515(20-21):8009-8012.
[96] Dézsi.I, Fetzer.Cs, Sz?cs.I, Degroote.B, Vantomme.A, Kobayashi.T, Nakanishi.A. Ultrathin Fe layers on Ag (1 0 0) surface[J]. Surface Science , 2007,601(12):2525-2531.
[97] Sürgers.C, Stalzer.H, Cosceev.A, L?hneysen.H.v. Proximity-induced superconductivity in Nb/Ag/Fe triple layers[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2007,310(2):e767-e768.
[98] Zong.R.L, Wen.S.P, Zeng.F, Gao.Y, Song .C, He.B, Pan.F. Fcc solid solution alloy films formed in immiscible Fe–Ag system and their mechanical behaviors[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2007,253(6): 2993-2998
[99] Xiao-Dong Ma, Takeshi Nakagawa, Toshihiko Yokoyama. Effect of surface chemisorption on the spin reorientation transition in magnetic ultrathin Fe film on Ag(0 0 1) [J]. Surface Science, 2006,600(19):4605-4612.
[100]葛世慧,黎超,马骁,李伟,李成贤. 外加磁场对 Co 纳米线生长过程的影响[J].2001,50(1):149-152.
[2] 田民波,刘德令编译.《薄膜科学与技术手册》[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1991: 1-120.
[3] 陈光华,邓金祥. 《新型电子薄膜材料》[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社,2002:1-60.
[4] 许佳玲. C(Ti)/FePt/Ti(Fe)系列薄膜样品的微结构和磁特性研究[D]. 石家庄: 河北师范大学,2006.
[5] Iwasaki.S, Nakamula.Y, An analysis for the magnetization mode for high density magnetic recording[J]. IEEE Trans Magn., 1977, 13(5): 1272-1277.
[6] Hellwig.O, Berger.A, Thomson.T. Separating dipolar broadening from the intrinsic switching field distribution in perpendicular patterned media[J]. J Appl Phys, 2007,90(162516):1-3.
[7] R. C. 奥汉德利 [美].《现代磁性材料原理与应用》[M]. 化学工业出版社,2002.
[8] 戴道生,钱昆明著.铁磁学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2000:190~246.
[9] 王芳,许小红,武海顺. [FePt/Ag]10 多层膜的结构和磁学性能[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(19): 1950-1953.
[10] Wu.X. W, Van de Veerdonk. R. J. M, Chantrell. R. W, et al. ΔM study of perpendicular recording media[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003, 93(10): 6760-6763.
[11] Brzozka.K.A, Slawska,Waniewska. Mossbaner study of FeZrB(Cu) amorphous alloys[J]. J Magn Magn Mater , 1996, 154: 254-256.
[12] Bottoni. G, Candolfo. D, and Cecchetti, A. Magnetostatic interaction in films for perpendicular recording media[J]. J Appl Phys, 1999, 85(8):4729-4732.
[13] Bottoni.G. Influence of the magnetostatic interactions on the reversal mode of magnetic recording particles[J]. J Appl Phys, 1991, 69(8): 4499-4501.
[14] Sato.H, Honda.K. Transprot properties in Co-Cu granular alloy[J]. J Magn Magn. Mater, 1996,152 (2):109-115.
[15] Ding. J, I.Smith. P.A, Mcormick. P.G, Street. R. Magnetisation processes and magnetic viscosity of mechanically alloyed SmCo5[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.1996 ,161(3):303-308.
[16] Kelly. P.E, Grady. K.O, Hayo. P.I, et.al. Switching mechanisms in cobaltphosphorus films[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn. 1989,25: 3881-3883.
[17] Yasuo. Tateno, Kazuharu. Iwasaki. Interparticle interaction and magnetic anisotropy in vacuum evaporated Co-O perpendicular magnetic thin film[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2001,235:153-158.
[18] Velu. E.M.T, Lambeth.D.N. High density recording on SmCo/Cr thin film media[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn, 1992,28(5):3249-3254.
[19] EI-hilo. M, Grady. K.O, Mayo. P.I, IEEE Trans Magn.1992, 28: 3282-3285.
[20] 王芳,许小红. 振动样品磁强计在磁记录介质中的应用[J].信息记录材料,2005,02:59-63.
[21] 王芳,许小红,武海顺. [FePt/Ag]10 多层膜的结构和磁学性能[J]. 科学通报. 2004,19(49):1950-1953.
[22] Wohlfarth. E.P. Relations between different modes of acquisition of the remanent magnetization of ferromagnetic particles[J]. J Appl Phys. 1958, 29(3): 595-596.
[23] Delaunay. J.-J, Hayashi,T, Tomita.M,Hirono.S and Umemura.S. CoPt-C nanogranular magnetic thin films[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 1997; 71 : 3427-3730.
[24] Berkov. D.V, Petinov.V. Effect of interaction and anisotropy constant distribution on the magnetization processes of particulate media[J]. IEEE Trans Magn. 1987,23(1): 189-191.
[25] Wang.J, Jewell.GW. A novel spherical actuator: design and control[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn, 1987,23(6): 273-282.
[26] Spratt.G.W, Bissell.P.R, Chantrell.R.W, Wohlfarth.E.P. J. Magn. Magn. Mater, 1988,75 (3): 309-312.
[27] Bissell. P.R, Chantrell. R.W, Tomka.G, et.al. Interaction phenomena in polymer bonded permanent magnet powders[J]. IEEE Trans. Magn, 1989,25(6): 3650-3652.
[28] Speliotis.D.E, Lynch.W. Magnetic interactions in particulate and thin-film recording media[J]. J Appl Phys. 1991,69 (8): 4496-4498.
[29] Stefan Thanmm, Jürgen Hesse. A simple plot indicating interactions between single-domain particles[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1996,154(2): 254-262.
[30] Giora.J.Tarnopolsky, Neal.Bertram.H., andLung.T.Tran. Magnetization fluctuationsand characteristic lengths for sputtered CoP/Cr thin-film media[J]. J Appl Phys.1991, 85(8):4730-4732.
[31] Yousong Gu, Dayong Zhang, Xiaoyuan Zhan, et al. The origin of (001) texture evolution in FePt thin films on amorphous substrates[J]. J Appl Phys. 2006, 99:053906.
[32] Chen. S. K, Yuan. F. T, Chang.W.C. et al. Magnetic properties of FePt and Fe50Pt50-x Nbx thin films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2002,239(1): 471-474.
[33] Li.N, Lairson.B.M, and Kwon.O. H. Magnetic characterization of intermetallic compound FePt and FePtX Thin films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1999,205(1):1-6.
[34] Islam.J,Yamamoto.Y,et.al. A comparative study of Co and Fe thin films deposited on GaAs(001) substrate[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.2008, 320:571-574
[35] 钟文定.《铁磁学》(中册)[M]. 科学出版社,2000.
[36] Marian.vopsaroiu, John.Blackburn,et.al. Multiferroic magnetic recording read head technology for 1Tbit/in2 and beyond[J]. J Appl Phys. 2008,103(07F506):1-3.
[37] Ong.C.K., Fang.H.C, Yang.Z. et al. Magnetic relations in Zn-Sn-depoed barium ferrite nanoparticles for recording[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.2000,213(3): 413-417.
[38] Witte.A.M., O′ Grady. K., Coverdale G. N., et al. Activation volumes of reversal in ultrafine particles and recording media[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1990, 88(3): 183-193.
[39] Yousong Gu, Dayong Zhang, Xiaoyuan Zhan, et al. Exchange Spring Type Magnet Realized in FePt/Fe Multilayers Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering[J].IEEE Trans. Magn. 2003,39:2758-2760.
[40] Kikitsu.A, Murayama.A,Hyomi.K,and Falco.C.M. Mictomagnetic study of CoPt-SiO2 granular films by spin-wave brillouin scattering[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9): 6944-6947.
[41] Luo.C.P, Liou.S.H, Sellmyer.D.J. FtPt:SiO2 granular thin film for high density magnetic recording[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9): 6941-6944.
[42] Yu.M,Liu.Y, D.J.Sellmyer. Nanostructure and magnetic properties of composite CoPt:C films forextremelyhigh-density recording[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9):6959-6962.
[43] Romero. S. A, Cornejo.D.R, Rhen.F.M, Neiva. A.C,Tabacniks.M.H, and Missell. F. P.Magnetic properties and underlayer thickness in SmCo/Cr films[J]. J Appl Phys. 2000,87(9): 6965-6968.
[44] Shigeto Takei, Akimitsu Morisako, and Mitsunori Matsumoto. Effect of underlayer thickness on magnetic properties of SmCo film[J]. J Appl Phys, 2000,87(9): 6968-6971.
[45] Yi.Kun. Su, Dong-Huan. Qin, Hao-Li Zhang, et.al. Microstructure and magnetic properties of bamboo-like CoPt/Pt multilayered nanowire arrays[J]. Chem Phys Lett. 2004,204(4):406-410.
[46] Yu Huang, Xiang Duan, Yi Cui, et.al. Gallium nitride nanowire nanodevices[J] Science, 2001,294(11):101-104.
[47] Berkowtz. A. E, Mitekell. J. R, Corey. M. J, et.al. Giant magnetoresistance in heterogeous Cu-Co alloys[J]. Phys Rev Lett, 1992,68(25):3745-3748.
[48] Lim.B.C, Chen.J.S, Wang.J.P. Thickness dependence of structural and magnetic properties of FePt films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2004,271(2): 159-164.
[49] Toney.M.F, Marinero.E.E, Doerner.M.F and Rice.P. M. Effect of reaction time and P content on mechanical strength of the interface formed between enthetic Sn-Ag solder and Au electroless Ni(p) /Cu bond pad[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,94(6): 4018-4115.
[50] Lie.C. T, Kuo.P.C, Shen.C. L. Method for hybrid recording with single layer CoTbAg medium[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,94(4):2538-2542.
[51] Piramanayagam. S. N, Yin. J. H, Zhao. H. B, Kasim. J, Chen.Y.J, Zhang.J, Hee.C. H. Dynamic orientation ratio in longitudinal recording media[J]. Appl Phys Lett 2003, 83(6):1175-1178.
[52] Lyberatos.A, Guslienko.K.Yu Thermal stability of the magnetization following thermomgnetic writing perpendicular media[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,94(2): 1119-1130.
[53] Michael F. Toney, Wen-Yaung Lee, Jonathan A. Hedstrom, and Andrew Kellock. Thickness and growth temperature dependence of structure and magnetism in FtPt Thin films[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,93(12): 9902-9908.
[54] Chen.C.C, Hashimoto.M, Shi. J, Nakamura.Y, Nittono.O, and Barna.P.B, Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of Co-TiN composite film with nano-fiber structure[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(10): 6273-6279.
[55] Takahashi.Y.K, Ohkubo.T, Ohnuma. M, and Hono.K. Size effect on the ordering of FePt granular films[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(10): 7166-7169.
[56] Ostanin.S,Razee.S.S.A,Staunton.J.B,Ginatempo.B,andEzio.Bruno. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and composition order in Fe0.5Pt0.5 calculation from an ab initio electronic modle[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(1):453-458.
[57] Hiroyuki Katayama, Kosuke Watanabe, Kazuhisa Takayama, Jun-ichi Sato, Shintaro Miyanishi, Kunio Kojima, Kenji Ohta. Effect of under layer of laser-assisted magnetic recording media on high-density recording[J]. Appl Phys Lett. 2002, 81(26):4994-4997.
[58] Papusoi.C, Abarra.E.N, Suzuki. T. Study of the reversal mechanism in longitudinal hard disk media: the role of k1/k2[J]. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92(12): 7373-7381.
[59] Hao.Ouyang, Jen-Tai Kwan. Occupancy of the 3d electron shell of Co and Cr in nanosized CoCrPt magnetic thin film[J]. J Appl Phys. 2002, 92(12):7510-7512.
[60] Margulies.D.T, Moser.A,Schabes.M.E, Fullerton. Eric. E. Thermal activation and reversal time in antiferromagnetically coupled media[J]. Appl Phys Lett., 2002, 81(24): 4631-4633.
[61] Erik B. Svedberg, Sakhrat Khizroev, Chunghee H. Chang, and Dmitri Litvinov. Signal-to-noise deterioration in perpendicular storage media by thermal and magnetic field aging as determined by magnetic force microscopy[J]. J Appl Phys, 2002, 92(11):6714-6121.
[62] Kai-Zhong Gao, Eric D. Boerner, H. Neal Bertram. Fast switching in a single domain particles under sub-stoner-wohlfarth switching fields[J]. Appl Phys Lett., 2002, 81(21): 4008-4011.
[63] Onoue. T, Asahi.T, Kuramochi.K, Kawaji.J, Osaka.T, Ariake.J, Ouchi.K, Sáfrán.G, Yaguchi.N. Microstructure and magnetic properties of Co/Pt multilayered thin films with C or Si seedlayer[J]. J Appl Phys., 2002, 92(8):4545-4553.
[64] Bottoni.G, Candolfo.D, Cecchetti.A. The magnetic anisotropy and its distribution in CoCrPtTa/CrV thin film recording media[J]. J Appl Phys., 2002, 91(10):8602-8605.
[65] Yan.M.L, Zeng.H, Powers.N andSellmyer.D.J. L10(001)-orientedFePt:B2O3 Composite films for perpendicular recording[J]. J Appl Phys,2002, 91(10):8471-8473.
[66] Kawai. S. and Ueda.R, Electrochem. J. Soc. 1975, 122(2): 32-36.
[67] Martin, C.R. Science, 1994, 266(1): 1961-1966.
[68] Shimada.Y, Sakurai. T, T.mIYazaki, O.KitakamiandS.Okamoto. Fabrication of two-dimensional assembly of L10 FePt particles[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2003,262(3): 329-338.
[69] Karanasos.V, Panagiotopoulos.I, Niarchos.D. et al. CoPt/Ag nanocomposites with (100) texture. Appl.Phys.Lett. 2001,79(9): 1255-1258.
[70] Zheng Gai, J. Y. Howe, Jiandong Guo, et al. Appl Phys Lett. 2005,86(23):
[71] Lim.B.C, Chen.J.SAND, Wang.J.P. Thickness dependence of structural and magnetic properties of FePt films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater.2004,271:159-164.
[72] Takahashl.Y. K, Ohnuma.M, Hono.K. Ordering process of sputtered FePt films[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,93(10):7580-7585.
[73] Hara.k, Itoh.K et al. Magnetic and optical anisotropy depth profiles in obliquely deposited iron and cobalt films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 1992,116(3), 441-448.
[74] Hiroakl Kura, Tetsuya Sato, Synethesis of L10(FeyPt100-y)100-xCux nanoparticles with high coercivity by annealing at 400℃[J]. J Appl Phys. 2004,96(10): 5771-5774.
[75] ErikB.Svedberg, Jonathan J. Mallett, Safak Sayan, et.al. Recrystallization texture,epitaxy,and magnetic properties of electrodeposited FePt on Cu(001) [J]. Appl Phys Lett. 2004, 85(8): 1353-1355.
[76] Willoughby.S. D. Electronic and magnetic properties of Fe1-xCuxPt[J]. J Appl Phys. 2004,95(11), 6586-6588.
[77] 唐伟忠.薄膜材料制备原理、技术及应用[M].冶金工业出版社,1988.
[78] K. Barmak, J. Kim. Calorimetric studies of the Al to L10 transformation in FePt and related ternary alloy thin film[J]. J Appl Phys, 95(11) (2004) 7486-7487.
[79] Anup G. Roy, N. T. Nuhfer, David E. Laughlin. Postannealing effects on magnetic properties and microstructure of CoCrPt/Ti perpendicular recording nedia[J]. J Appl Phys. 2003,93(10):8179-8181 .
[80] 麻蒔立男 [日]. 《薄膜技术基础》[M].电子工业出版社,1988.
[81] Chemam.F, Bouabellou.A, Halimi.R. Ag layer thickness dependence of magnetic properties[J]. J Magn Magn Mater. 2000,211: 320-325.
[82] Temst.K, Verbanck.G, Schad.R. Structure and magnetic properties of Fe/Cr and Fe/Ag multilayers[J]. Physica B. 1997,234:467-469.
[83] Yu.C.C, Cheng.W.c.et.al. Magnetic properties of Fe thin films on Ag submicrometer islands[J]. J Appl Phys, 2003,93(10):7468-7471.
[84] Hung.Dumg.Shing, Tsai.Chen.S et.al.Microwave switching behaviors of Fe/Ag/Fe/Ag epitaxial films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2006,304:118-120.
[85] Kurowski.D, Brand.K, Frait.Z, Pelzl.J. Magnetic properties of ion beam and annealed Ag/Fe/Ag-(001)-layers[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 1999,198:360-362.
[86] Soares.J.M, Cabral.F.a.o.et.al. Giant magnetoimpedance in FeAg granular alloys[J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2006,80(14):2532-2535.
[87] Luetkens.H, Korecki.J.et.al. Long rang electron spin polaration in the Ag layer of a Fe/Ag film[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2004,272-276:1128-1129.
[88] Baszynski.J, Tolinski.T. Magnetic properties of ultra-thin iron films in Ag/Fe/Ag sandwiches[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 1996,160:345-346.
[89] Yu.Lin,Chen.Fang. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity studies of Si, Fe, Ti, Al and Ag films’ prepared by magnetron sputtering[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 2008,69(3):733-737.
[90] Pawe?.Kapturski , Andrzej.Bobrowski. The silver amalgam film electrode in catalytic adsorptive stripping voltammetric determination of cobalt and nickel[J]. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 2008, In Press.
[91] María L. Bosko, David Yepes, Silvia Irusta, Pierre Eloy, Patricio Ruiz, Eduardo A. Lombardo, Laura M. Cornaglia. Characterization of Pd–Ag membranes after exposure to hydrogen flux at high temperatures[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2007,306(1-2):56-65.
[92] Xiaozheng Yu, Zhigang Shen, Zheng Xu. Preparation and characterization of Ag-coated cenospheres by magnetron sputtering method[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 2007,265(2):637-640.
[93] Paolo Allia, Federica Celegato, Marco Co?sson, Paola Tiberto, Franco Vinai, Franca Albertini, Francesca Casoli, Simone Fabbrici. Effect of Ag addition on the magneticand magneto resistance properties of Fe53Pt47 films[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2007, 316(2):e35-e39.
[94] Sarmiento. G., Fdez-Gubieda.M.L, Siruguri.V, Lezama.L, Orue.I. Ferromagnetic resonance study of Fe50Ag50 granular film[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2007, 316(2):e59-e62.
[95] Feng.C, Li. B.H, Han. G, Teng. J, Jiang.Y, Yang.T, Yu.G.H. Effect of the underlayer (Ag, Ti or Bi) on the magnetic properties of Fe/Pt multilayer films[J]. Thin Solid Films, 2007,515(20-21):8009-8012.
[96] Dézsi.I, Fetzer.Cs, Sz?cs.I, Degroote.B, Vantomme.A, Kobayashi.T, Nakanishi.A. Ultrathin Fe layers on Ag (1 0 0) surface[J]. Surface Science , 2007,601(12):2525-2531.
[97] Sürgers.C, Stalzer.H, Cosceev.A, L?hneysen.H.v. Proximity-induced superconductivity in Nb/Ag/Fe triple layers[J]. J Magn Magn Mater, 2007,310(2):e767-e768.
[98] Zong.R.L, Wen.S.P, Zeng.F, Gao.Y, Song .C, He.B, Pan.F. Fcc solid solution alloy films formed in immiscible Fe–Ag system and their mechanical behaviors[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2007,253(6): 2993-2998
[99] Xiao-Dong Ma, Takeshi Nakagawa, Toshihiko Yokoyama. Effect of surface chemisorption on the spin reorientation transition in magnetic ultrathin Fe film on Ag(0 0 1) [J]. Surface Science, 2006,600(19):4605-4612.
[100]葛世慧,黎超,马骁,李伟,李成贤. 外加磁场对 Co 纳米线生长过程的影响[J].2001,50(1):149-152.