城市地铁渡线区变截面群洞隧道施工技术的优化研究
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摘要
在城市地下工程中,地铁隧道的施工不可避免地产生地表变形,以及导致建筑物的不均匀沉降等现象,这种现象尤其是在修建地铁突变断面群洞隧道时表现得尤为突出。由于城市地铁周边地面建筑物和各种地下管线众多,往往对隧道施工产生的地表沉降有着严格的限制。因此,对隧道地表沉降做出较为准确的预测和采取相应的控制措施是十分重要的。本文以北京地铁五号线和平西桥站～北土城东路站渡线区群洞隧道为研究背景,采用大型隧道专业软件Midas/GTS进行有限元数值模拟分析,着重研究群洞隧道施工过程中地表沉降的规律、群洞隧道施工方案的优化及地表沉降的影响因素等。
渡线区内连拱隧道的开挖是该工程的一个难点,施工方案需要单独考虑。本文首创了连拱隧道双洞法施工工法,并通过有限元软件GTS对连拱隧道的中洞法和双洞法两种施工工法进行数值模拟的研究,从施工进度、初期支护内力、二次衬砌安全系数三个方面对计算结果进行了对比,确定双洞法作为开挖方案,并对双洞法的开挖工况进行了计算分析,确定了最优的开挖顺序,并在施工中得到了应用。
突变大断面隧道的过渡是变截面隧道施工的关键技术。为达到突变断面安全、快速过渡的目的,本文率先提出纵横导洞法开挖方案,开创了由大断面直接向小断面开挖的新思路,与原设计方案小导坑爬坡扩挖法比较有非常明显的优势。本文基于优化方案首次对整个渡线区群洞隧道的施工过程进行了三维动态数值模拟研究,得出:
(1)施工完成时地表最大沉降为37mm,地表沉降较大的区域主要集中在左右线大断面隧道的上方;
(2)计算分析表明,小间距隧道施工过程中,围岩是稳定的,但开始段中间土柱较薄时塑性区已经贯通,建议在施工过程中对三洞小间距隧道开始段2m范围的中间土柱进行加固;
(3)从塑性区和地层围岩变形来看,大断面开挖、大断面隧道临时支护拆除、连拱隧道开挖、纵横导洞开口处施工所引起的塑性区和地层变形值较大,为施工薄弱环节,施工过程中应注意,需加强该部位的支护、减少开挖进尺,及时封闭成环;
(4)从施工过程的受力、变形、塑性区分布来看,施工过程安全稳定,施工效果较好,说明突变断面的纵横导洞法施工方案和连拱隧道双洞法施工方案是合理可行的,能够确保周围环境以及施工过程中结构自身的安全。
该数值计算分析结果预测了优化方案的施工效应,为工程实际开挖提供指导,为优化施工方案提供理论依据,也为类似工程提供宝贵的经验很设计依据。
In underground engineering of city,the constructions of the tunnel will inevitably produce the land subsidence,the building asymmetry decline and other negative influence to the enviroment,the phenomenon is especially outstanding while constructing mutative and large transect multi-tunnel system of urban metro. Because buildings and various underground pipelines of the circumjacent urban metro are numerous and there usually has strict and restrictive request of the land subsidence for the tunnel construction,it is seems to be very important to make more accurate forecast for the land subsidence and adopt corresponding measures to control the land subsidence.In this paper based on the multi-tunnel between the Hepingxiqiao station～Beituchengdonglu station section of No.5 Beijing metro, and by means of the large and tunnel specialty software Midas/GTS carrying out the finite element numerical simulation,giving emphasis to study the disciplinarian of the ground subsidence while constructing the multi-tunnels,and the scheme optimization of the multi-tunnels construction,and the influence factors of the ground subsidence,and so on.
The construction of the double-arch tunnel is a difficult technique for the multi-tunnel system tunnel,the method of construction need design specially.This paper proposed two-hole construction method firstly for the construction of double-arch tunnel and carries on the calculation and comparison to these two kinds of constructions method from the view of construction progress,tunnel safety and so on,and finally confirm that the construction method of the double-arch tunnel is two-hole,and also confirmed the reasonable digging order of section for two-hole method through 2-D numeric simulation research.
The pivotal technique for the multi-tunnel system tunnel construction is the transition between different mutative and large transect tunnel.In order to achieve the construction of transition area quickly and securely,this paper proposed a new project of construction fristly adding the horizontal channel in the large transect tunnel and excavates from the large transect tunnel to the small transect tunnel directly,compared with the original project digging the tunnels from the small cross section expanding to the big cross section is superior obviously;This paper carried on the 3-D numeric simulation to the crossover area tunnel based on the optimized construction project,the result is:
(1)The surface subsidence is mainly produced in the region above big section tunnel,the max is 37mm when the construction was completed;
(2)The result of analysis indicated that,the surronding rock is stable,but the plastic area already to link up at the beginning of construction section,so suggest consolidate 2m scope middle soil pyramid for three hole section tunnel,in the process of construction for small section tunnel;
(3) The plastic area and big stratum subsidence were produced by the construction and removing the temporary supports in the big section tunnel,the construction of big cross section tunnel and the construction of double-arch tunnel, the construction of vertically and horizontally the guide hole jaw opening causes, for the construction weak link,should pay attention,must strengthen this spot the supports and protections,the reduction excavates the ruler,seals up the link promptly,in the construction processof the tunnel.
(4)The numeric simulation result as the construction process stress,the distortion,the plastic area showes the vertically and horizontally the pilot construction method in the sudden change cross section tunnel and the double hole law construction method in double-arch tunnel are reasonable feasible,construction process is safe,the construction effect is good,can guarantee the environment as well as in the construction process structure own security;
The numeric simulation result forecasted the construction effect,provided the instruction to the construction of the tunnel actually,provided the theory basis for the optimized construction project and also the effective reference for the similar project.
渡线区内连拱隧道的开挖是该工程的一个难点,施工方案需要单独考虑。本文首创了连拱隧道双洞法施工工法,并通过有限元软件GTS对连拱隧道的中洞法和双洞法两种施工工法进行数值模拟的研究,从施工进度、初期支护内力、二次衬砌安全系数三个方面对计算结果进行了对比,确定双洞法作为开挖方案,并对双洞法的开挖工况进行了计算分析,确定了最优的开挖顺序,并在施工中得到了应用。
突变大断面隧道的过渡是变截面隧道施工的关键技术。为达到突变断面安全、快速过渡的目的,本文率先提出纵横导洞法开挖方案,开创了由大断面直接向小断面开挖的新思路,与原设计方案小导坑爬坡扩挖法比较有非常明显的优势。本文基于优化方案首次对整个渡线区群洞隧道的施工过程进行了三维动态数值模拟研究,得出:
(1)施工完成时地表最大沉降为37mm,地表沉降较大的区域主要集中在左右线大断面隧道的上方;
(2)计算分析表明,小间距隧道施工过程中,围岩是稳定的,但开始段中间土柱较薄时塑性区已经贯通,建议在施工过程中对三洞小间距隧道开始段2m范围的中间土柱进行加固;
(3)从塑性区和地层围岩变形来看,大断面开挖、大断面隧道临时支护拆除、连拱隧道开挖、纵横导洞开口处施工所引起的塑性区和地层变形值较大,为施工薄弱环节,施工过程中应注意,需加强该部位的支护、减少开挖进尺,及时封闭成环;
(4)从施工过程的受力、变形、塑性区分布来看,施工过程安全稳定,施工效果较好,说明突变断面的纵横导洞法施工方案和连拱隧道双洞法施工方案是合理可行的,能够确保周围环境以及施工过程中结构自身的安全。
该数值计算分析结果预测了优化方案的施工效应,为工程实际开挖提供指导,为优化施工方案提供理论依据,也为类似工程提供宝贵的经验很设计依据。
In underground engineering of city,the constructions of the tunnel will inevitably produce the land subsidence,the building asymmetry decline and other negative influence to the enviroment,the phenomenon is especially outstanding while constructing mutative and large transect multi-tunnel system of urban metro. Because buildings and various underground pipelines of the circumjacent urban metro are numerous and there usually has strict and restrictive request of the land subsidence for the tunnel construction,it is seems to be very important to make more accurate forecast for the land subsidence and adopt corresponding measures to control the land subsidence.In this paper based on the multi-tunnel between the Hepingxiqiao station～Beituchengdonglu station section of No.5 Beijing metro, and by means of the large and tunnel specialty software Midas/GTS carrying out the finite element numerical simulation,giving emphasis to study the disciplinarian of the ground subsidence while constructing the multi-tunnels,and the scheme optimization of the multi-tunnels construction,and the influence factors of the ground subsidence,and so on.
The construction of the double-arch tunnel is a difficult technique for the multi-tunnel system tunnel,the method of construction need design specially.This paper proposed two-hole construction method firstly for the construction of double-arch tunnel and carries on the calculation and comparison to these two kinds of constructions method from the view of construction progress,tunnel safety and so on,and finally confirm that the construction method of the double-arch tunnel is two-hole,and also confirmed the reasonable digging order of section for two-hole method through 2-D numeric simulation research.
The pivotal technique for the multi-tunnel system tunnel construction is the transition between different mutative and large transect tunnel.In order to achieve the construction of transition area quickly and securely,this paper proposed a new project of construction fristly adding the horizontal channel in the large transect tunnel and excavates from the large transect tunnel to the small transect tunnel directly,compared with the original project digging the tunnels from the small cross section expanding to the big cross section is superior obviously;This paper carried on the 3-D numeric simulation to the crossover area tunnel based on the optimized construction project,the result is:
(1)The surface subsidence is mainly produced in the region above big section tunnel,the max is 37mm when the construction was completed;
(2)The result of analysis indicated that,the surronding rock is stable,but the plastic area already to link up at the beginning of construction section,so suggest consolidate 2m scope middle soil pyramid for three hole section tunnel,in the process of construction for small section tunnel;
(3) The plastic area and big stratum subsidence were produced by the construction and removing the temporary supports in the big section tunnel,the construction of big cross section tunnel and the construction of double-arch tunnel, the construction of vertically and horizontally the guide hole jaw opening causes, for the construction weak link,should pay attention,must strengthen this spot the supports and protections,the reduction excavates the ruler,seals up the link promptly,in the construction processof the tunnel.
(4)The numeric simulation result as the construction process stress,the distortion,the plastic area showes the vertically and horizontally the pilot construction method in the sudden change cross section tunnel and the double hole law construction method in double-arch tunnel are reasonable feasible,construction process is safe,the construction effect is good,can guarantee the environment as well as in the construction process structure own security;
The numeric simulation result forecasted the construction effect,provided the instruction to the construction of the tunnel actually,provided the theory basis for the optimized construction project and also the effective reference for the similar project.
引文
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[2]钱七虎.岩土工程的第四次浪潮[J].地下空间,1999,19(4):267-272
[3]施促衡,张弥,王新杰等.地下铁道设计与施工[M].陕西科学技术出版社,1997
[4]关宝树.隧道力学概论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版杜,1993
[5]张庆贺,朱忠隆.21世纪地铁施工技术展望[J].施工技术,1999,28(1):9-12
[6]刘国琦,杜文库,我国地下工程施工技术的发展及展望[J].建筑技术,1997,28(7):480-483
[7]王建宇.隧道工程的技术进步[J].中国铁道科学,1999,20(4):30-36
[8]O'ReillyM.P.etal,Long settlements over tunneling,an 11year study at Grimsby,Tuneling'91,1991
[9]Wu B R,Chiou S Y,Lee C J,eatl.Soil movements around parallel tunnels in soft ground.Centirguge 98[C].Tokyo.1988,739-774
[10]Martos F..Concerning an approximate equation of subsidence trough and its time factors.Proc.Of the international Strata Control Congress,Leipzig,1958
[11]Peck R.B.Deep excavation and tunneling in soft ground.State of the Art Report,Proc.7th Int.Conf.On Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Mesico City,1969:225-290
[12]俞裕泰,黄赛超.坚硬而不完整岩体中地下洞室的分期开挖[M].地下工程,1984(11):31-35
[13]杨奇,李青奇.东风水电工程地下厂房开挖顺序对围岩稳定的影响[C].复杂岩石中建筑物学术会议,北京:1995
[14]ZhuWeishen,WuBailin,Linshisheng,OPtimunon-linear analysis on reasonablexcavating order and anchoring treatmelt of large sized rock chambers.Int.Symp.On Large Rock Caverns,Helsinki,1986
[15]姚振凯,黄运平,彭立敏.公路联拱隧道工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2005
[16]彭立敏,刘小兵.交通隧道工程[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003
[17]孙均,地下工程设计理论与实践[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1996
[18]Fernando Rodriguez-Roa,Ground Subsidence due to a Shalow Tunnel in Dense Sandy Gravel.Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenviro-mental Engineering.2002,Vol5:67-72
[19]夏才初.土木工程施工监测技术[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001
[20]李晓红等.隧道新奥法及其量测技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[21]赵振英,叶勇,肖明.大型洞群开挖围岩稳定研究[J].人民珠江,1996,(2):14-20.
[22]王伟.大跨度公路隧道结构荷载反分析研究[D].硕士学位论文,2004,62-65
[23]Gutter U,stoffers U.Invergation of the defoermation and behavior of circular ined tunnels in centrifuge model tests[A].Centrifuge in Soil Mechanics[C].Rotterdam,1988,183-186
[24]刘维宁,张弥,邝名明.城市地下工程环境影响的控制理论及其应用[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(5):66-75
[25]白李妍,张弥.隧道工程环境影响的动态优化控制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(3):393-399.
[26]钟登华,刘东海.大型地下洞室群施工系统仿真理论方法与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2003.
[27]Arutyunyan N Kh,Metlov V V.Some problems in the theory of creep in bodies with variable boundaries[J].Mach of Solids,1982,17(5):92
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