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安徽安庆月山铜铁矿矿田构造研究
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摘要
“月山铜铁矿矿田”位于长江中下游铁铜成矿带安庆—贵池矿集区。大地构造位置位于大别山造山带南侧的下扬子台褶带中段,西临淮阳古陆,南靠长江。中生代强烈的挤压收缩环境控制了该区的构造作用,岩浆作用和成矿作用。
     本文在前人资料与研究成果的基础之上,结合自己的野外工作,对研究区内的矿田构造形态做了系统详细的整理,结合区域资料建立了研究区的构造演化史,理清区内构造与成矿的关系,希望对研究区内的深部找矿工作有一定的帮助。
     形成的主要认识有:
     1、理清了矿田内构造与成矿的时间关系。成矿期前主要构造有北东向褶皱,近南北向和近东西向共轭剪裂,以及在成岩过程中热流变导致的围岩褶曲;成矿期是在燕山早期岩体形成之后,期间的主要构造活动是前期构造活动的发展和递变;成矿期后主要是近南北向,北西向及逆冲断层的破矿构造。
     2、理清了矿田内构造与成矿的空间关系。矿田内的北东向,近南北向、近东西断裂构造是岩浆上侵的通道,北东向褶皱的倾伏端得层间虚脱则为岩体的赋存提供空间,上述断裂和褶皱构造为导岩和控岩构造。与矿体赋存关系最为密切的是岩体与围岩的接触带构造。矿体赋存位置主要在上述褶曲的层间、核部,围岩凸入岩体的部位,及岩体与围岩接触带的矽卡岩中。
     3、查明赋矿层位,即矿田内的矿床在空间上的产出具有一定的“层控”性。矿田范围内的铜铁矿床均分布于月山组含膏碳酸盐岩与月山闪长岩的接触带及其附近。化学性质活泼含膏碳酸盐岩地层,在构造应力的作用下极易破碎和发生层间剥离,形成有利的容岩、容矿空间,化学性质不活泼的铜头尖组粉砂岩,起到了屏蔽效应,抑制了成矿流体的逃逸和散失。
"Yueshan copper-iron ore field" is located in the Anqing -Guichi ore-concentrated area, in the Middle-lower Yangtze River Cu-Fe mineralization belt. Tectonic location is in the middle of lower Yangzi platform fold belt, south of the Dabie orogenic belt, in the near west is huaiyang ancient land, yangtze river is in the south of it. In the environment, strong extrusion and contraction of the Mesozoic Era control the structure effects, magmatic activities and mineralization.
     Based on previous material and research results ,with own field work ,this paper make a systemic and detailed consolidation of the ore field structural forms in the research area. In combination with regional materials, established structural evolution in this area, clear the relationship between structures and mineralization. The main comprehensions are as follow:
     1. Clear the time relationship between structures and mineralization Before the metallizing period, the main structures are NE face folds, near NS face and near EW face conjugate shear cracks, and the the surrounding rock folds which caused by heat of the diagenetic process. The Metallizing period is behind the formation of magmaticbody in early Yanshanian ,during the period main structures are the former structures’development and progressive deformation. After the metallizing period the structures, including the near NS face and NW face faults and thrust faults, destroy the ore deposits.
     2. Clear the spatial relationship between structure and mineralization In the ore field, the fractures of NE face ,near NS face and near EW face are the channels of magma’s invasion. The collapse between the stratums in pitch end of NE face fold provides the space for the. The closest relations with ore’s host is the contact zones between magmaticbody and the surrounding rock .The main locations that hosting ores are in the folds, and skarn in the contact zones.
     3. Find out the hosted stratums of ore-deposits, in the ore field deposits have a certain "level control " nature in spatial . The copper iron deposits in the ore field distributes in and near the contact zones between yueshan group gypsum carbonate and the diorite. Carbonate strata of active chemical properties, can easily occur interlayer stripping and crushing under tectonic stress, then form some spaces for ores and magmaticbody. Silty sandstone in tongtoujian group with inactive chemical properties, play a shielding effect and curb the ore-forming fluid’s runaway and lost.
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