秀山寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素组成及主要控制因素
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摘要
论文研究重庆市秀山溶溪寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素组成及主要控制因素。
通过较系统地研究重庆秀山溶溪寒武系剖面的地层学、沉积岩石学、沉积相及环境，本文对该剖面进行了重新认识。岩石学特征表明，主要岩石类型包括砂岩、泥岩、碳酸盐岩及其过渡类型。碎屑岩主要分布在下寒武统；下寒武统上部和中、上寒武统主要由碳酸盐岩构成。碳酸盐的沉积环境主要为台地相。
有关海相碳酸盐对海水信息保存性的评估研究近年来得到了越来越多的重视，已成为古海洋学研究一个不可缺少的重要前提，其发展对古海洋学及其他相关学科研究水平的提高至关重要。通过对重庆市秀山寒武系剖面海相碳酸盐的阴极发光性和Mn，Sr，Fe，Mg等元素分析，评估了寒武纪地层中各种碳酸盐结构组分对海水信息的保存性及主要控制因素。有如下3个主要控制因素：a)原始矿物组成；b)岩石的原生孔隙度；c)碳酸盐岩中陆源碎屑矿物的含量。在碳酸盐的阴极发光性、Sr含量和Mn／Sr比值三个判断成岩蚀变性的标准中，阴极发光性和Sr含量不能单独作为判断标准来检测海相碳酸盐矿物的成岩蚀变性。Mn／Sr比值在考虑了控制碳酸盐阴极发光性的Mn含量的同时，兼顾了海相和陆相元素的相对含量，因而是一种较全面的成岩蚀变性判断标准。按照碳酸盐结构组分的Mn／Sr比值，秀山溶溪剖面寒武系海相碳酸盐的各种结构组分中有28％的样品具有较强的成岩蚀变性，其组成不能代表海水。作者还强调了成岩过程中由长石等铝硅酸盐溶解提供壳源Sr所造成的碳酸盐矿物成岩蚀变可能表现为较高的Sr含量；因此，在用全岩样品进行旨在反映海水组成的各种分析时，应回避碳酸盐脉，选择含陆源碎屑低、颗粒数量少、缺乏方解石胶结物的样品，微晶灰岩或微—粉晶白云岩是较为理想的全岩样品。
论文还对锶同位素的分析的实验室流程作了简单的论述。
本文评述了国际上已有的寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素演化曲线，公布了重庆秀山寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素分析结果。尽管对样品进行了成岩蚀变检测和必要的筛选，但样品仍可能不同程度地经历了成岩蚀变，锶同位素组成与地层累积厚度投点图显得较为离散。笔者主要利用~(87)Sr／~(86)Sr比值较低的样品建立的寒武纪海水
的锯同位素演化曲线在长期旋回上与国际上己公布的同时代腮同位素演化曲线仍具
有较好相似性和可对比性，说明全球事件是海水锯同位素组成的主要控制因素，海
水的USr／肠Sr比值在盆内对比、盆间对比、以及全球对比中都具有潜在价值。控制
寒武纪海水锻同位素组成的全球事件主要有：从新元古代开始的泛非洲一巴西利亚
造山运动造成硅质碎屑岩风化和侵蚀的速率增加，中寒武世沿着威德尔海一冈瓦纳
古陆的古太平洋边缘的南非和劳伦古陆西部边缘的广泛裂谷作用，以及晚寒武世一
奥陶纪的淹没事件、广阔陆表海和有关的沉积物对放射性成因银的封存作用等。根
据锯同位素地层学的基本原理，利用已有的锯同位素演化曲线，笔者确定重庆秀山
寒武系剖面寒武系底界、下一中寒武统界线和中一上寒武统界线都应适当下移；另
外尝试确定了重庆秀山寒武纪剖面一些关键点的年龄，累积厚度1380m处的年龄为
503—509Ma，累积厚度 1900m处的年龄约为 500Ma，这对秀山寒武系剖面下、中寒
武统和中、上寒武统界线的确定具有参考价值。
The key point of this thesis is the Strontium Isotope Composition and Control Factors of Cambrian Marine Carbonate, Upper Yangtze Platform, which the samples were collected from Xiushan section in Chongqing.
The section of the Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing has been well re-appraised over again by studying its stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology, sedimentary facies and environment in this thesis. Characteristics of its petrology reveal rock types mainly involve sandstone, mudstone, carbonate rock and their transitional types. The clastic rocks distribute mainly in the Lower Cambrian and the carbonate rocks in the upper part of the Lower Cambrian and middle and Upper Cambrian. The sedimentary environment of carbonate is platform facies.
Evaluation on the diagenetic alteration of marine carbonate and its preservation for information of sea water have been paid more attention recently and become an important premise of the research on Palaeo-oceanography, whose development is very important for the improvement of the research level in Palaeo-oceanography and relative other subjects. Based on the test of cathodolummescence and the analyses of Mn, Sr, Fe and Mg of the marine carbonate samples collected from the sedimentary section of Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing, Southwest China, this paper assesses the preservation of different structural components for the information of Cambrian sea water. The main control factors of carbonate of preservation for information of seawater are: a) the components of original minerals; b) the primary porosity of rock; c) the content of terrigenous elastics of carbonate rocks. Among the discrimination criterion controlling the alteration of carbonate, neither cathodoluminescence of the carbonate minerals nor t
he content of Sr can act solely as discrimination criterion for controlling the alteration of marine carbonate. The Mn/Sr value considers the Mn content for control factors of cathodoluminescence and the relative content of the marine versus terrigenous elements. So the Mn/Sr ratio is the relatively comprehensive discrimination criterion for controlling the alteration of marine carbonate. By the analysis for Cambrian stratum in Xiushan of Chongqing, according to the Mn/Sr value of the marine carbonate of different structural components, the 28% samples that
can't stand for the original seawater in different structural components of the marine carbonate had strongly undergone diagenetic alteration. This paper emphasizes the effect of the dissolution of aluminosilicate during diagenesis may provide more radiogenic strontium which would result in a high content of strontium in carbonate rocks. So we should avoid the vein of carbonate and select the samples with less terrigenous clastic, less grain content and lacking calcite cementation collected as analysis samples. The microcrystalline limestone and micro- to fine-crystalline dolomite are rather fairly whole rock samples.
The experimental process of the strontium isotope measurement was discussed in brief here.
This paper also discusses the strontium isotope evolution curve published over the world, present strontium isotope results of the section of Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing. Samples studied here were collected from the sedimentary section of Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing, Southwest China. Samples for strontium isotopic screened were selected by way of the test of cathodoluminescence, observation of thin sections, and analysis of Sr and Mn. The Mn/Sr value of all samples presented in this paper are less than 2, and the cathodoluminescence is dull, however, the samples from the Cambrian underwent diagenetic alteration to a certain degree, and the plotted points of the thickness and 87Sr/86Sr value are somewhat discrete. The strontium isotope evolution curve drawn from the data with relatively low 87Sr/86Sr value are consistent with other curves based on samples from different areas of the world, supporting the notion of global consistency of strontium isotope composition of marine carbonates. The stronti
通过较系统地研究重庆秀山溶溪寒武系剖面的地层学、沉积岩石学、沉积相及环境，本文对该剖面进行了重新认识。岩石学特征表明，主要岩石类型包括砂岩、泥岩、碳酸盐岩及其过渡类型。碎屑岩主要分布在下寒武统；下寒武统上部和中、上寒武统主要由碳酸盐岩构成。碳酸盐的沉积环境主要为台地相。
有关海相碳酸盐对海水信息保存性的评估研究近年来得到了越来越多的重视，已成为古海洋学研究一个不可缺少的重要前提，其发展对古海洋学及其他相关学科研究水平的提高至关重要。通过对重庆市秀山寒武系剖面海相碳酸盐的阴极发光性和Mn，Sr，Fe，Mg等元素分析，评估了寒武纪地层中各种碳酸盐结构组分对海水信息的保存性及主要控制因素。有如下3个主要控制因素：a)原始矿物组成；b)岩石的原生孔隙度；c)碳酸盐岩中陆源碎屑矿物的含量。在碳酸盐的阴极发光性、Sr含量和Mn／Sr比值三个判断成岩蚀变性的标准中，阴极发光性和Sr含量不能单独作为判断标准来检测海相碳酸盐矿物的成岩蚀变性。Mn／Sr比值在考虑了控制碳酸盐阴极发光性的Mn含量的同时，兼顾了海相和陆相元素的相对含量，因而是一种较全面的成岩蚀变性判断标准。按照碳酸盐结构组分的Mn／Sr比值，秀山溶溪剖面寒武系海相碳酸盐的各种结构组分中有28％的样品具有较强的成岩蚀变性，其组成不能代表海水。作者还强调了成岩过程中由长石等铝硅酸盐溶解提供壳源Sr所造成的碳酸盐矿物成岩蚀变可能表现为较高的Sr含量；因此，在用全岩样品进行旨在反映海水组成的各种分析时，应回避碳酸盐脉，选择含陆源碎屑低、颗粒数量少、缺乏方解石胶结物的样品，微晶灰岩或微—粉晶白云岩是较为理想的全岩样品。
论文还对锶同位素的分析的实验室流程作了简单的论述。
本文评述了国际上已有的寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素演化曲线，公布了重庆秀山寒武系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素分析结果。尽管对样品进行了成岩蚀变检测和必要的筛选，但样品仍可能不同程度地经历了成岩蚀变，锶同位素组成与地层累积厚度投点图显得较为离散。笔者主要利用~(87)Sr／~(86)Sr比值较低的样品建立的寒武纪海水
的锯同位素演化曲线在长期旋回上与国际上己公布的同时代腮同位素演化曲线仍具
有较好相似性和可对比性，说明全球事件是海水锯同位素组成的主要控制因素，海
水的USr／肠Sr比值在盆内对比、盆间对比、以及全球对比中都具有潜在价值。控制
寒武纪海水锻同位素组成的全球事件主要有：从新元古代开始的泛非洲一巴西利亚
造山运动造成硅质碎屑岩风化和侵蚀的速率增加，中寒武世沿着威德尔海一冈瓦纳
古陆的古太平洋边缘的南非和劳伦古陆西部边缘的广泛裂谷作用，以及晚寒武世一
奥陶纪的淹没事件、广阔陆表海和有关的沉积物对放射性成因银的封存作用等。根
据锯同位素地层学的基本原理，利用已有的锯同位素演化曲线，笔者确定重庆秀山
寒武系剖面寒武系底界、下一中寒武统界线和中一上寒武统界线都应适当下移；另
外尝试确定了重庆秀山寒武纪剖面一些关键点的年龄，累积厚度1380m处的年龄为
503—509Ma，累积厚度 1900m处的年龄约为 500Ma，这对秀山寒武系剖面下、中寒
武统和中、上寒武统界线的确定具有参考价值。
The key point of this thesis is the Strontium Isotope Composition and Control Factors of Cambrian Marine Carbonate, Upper Yangtze Platform, which the samples were collected from Xiushan section in Chongqing.
The section of the Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing has been well re-appraised over again by studying its stratigraphy, sedimentary petrology, sedimentary facies and environment in this thesis. Characteristics of its petrology reveal rock types mainly involve sandstone, mudstone, carbonate rock and their transitional types. The clastic rocks distribute mainly in the Lower Cambrian and the carbonate rocks in the upper part of the Lower Cambrian and middle and Upper Cambrian. The sedimentary environment of carbonate is platform facies.
Evaluation on the diagenetic alteration of marine carbonate and its preservation for information of sea water have been paid more attention recently and become an important premise of the research on Palaeo-oceanography, whose development is very important for the improvement of the research level in Palaeo-oceanography and relative other subjects. Based on the test of cathodolummescence and the analyses of Mn, Sr, Fe and Mg of the marine carbonate samples collected from the sedimentary section of Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing, Southwest China, this paper assesses the preservation of different structural components for the information of Cambrian sea water. The main control factors of carbonate of preservation for information of seawater are: a) the components of original minerals; b) the primary porosity of rock; c) the content of terrigenous elastics of carbonate rocks. Among the discrimination criterion controlling the alteration of carbonate, neither cathodoluminescence of the carbonate minerals nor t
he content of Sr can act solely as discrimination criterion for controlling the alteration of marine carbonate. The Mn/Sr value considers the Mn content for control factors of cathodoluminescence and the relative content of the marine versus terrigenous elements. So the Mn/Sr ratio is the relatively comprehensive discrimination criterion for controlling the alteration of marine carbonate. By the analysis for Cambrian stratum in Xiushan of Chongqing, according to the Mn/Sr value of the marine carbonate of different structural components, the 28% samples that
can't stand for the original seawater in different structural components of the marine carbonate had strongly undergone diagenetic alteration. This paper emphasizes the effect of the dissolution of aluminosilicate during diagenesis may provide more radiogenic strontium which would result in a high content of strontium in carbonate rocks. So we should avoid the vein of carbonate and select the samples with less terrigenous clastic, less grain content and lacking calcite cementation collected as analysis samples. The microcrystalline limestone and micro- to fine-crystalline dolomite are rather fairly whole rock samples.
The experimental process of the strontium isotope measurement was discussed in brief here.
This paper also discusses the strontium isotope evolution curve published over the world, present strontium isotope results of the section of Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing. Samples studied here were collected from the sedimentary section of Cambrian in Xiushan of Chongqing, Southwest China. Samples for strontium isotopic screened were selected by way of the test of cathodoluminescence, observation of thin sections, and analysis of Sr and Mn. The Mn/Sr value of all samples presented in this paper are less than 2, and the cathodoluminescence is dull, however, the samples from the Cambrian underwent diagenetic alteration to a certain degree, and the plotted points of the thickness and 87Sr/86Sr value are somewhat discrete. The strontium isotope evolution curve drawn from the data with relatively low 87Sr/86Sr value are consistent with other curves based on samples from different areas of the world, supporting the notion of global consistency of strontium isotope composition of marine carbonates. The stronti
引文
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