渤中凹陷古近系成岩层序与优质储层研究
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摘要
本文从构造对沉积控制作用入手,以沉积学、层序地层学和盆地构造格局分析等理论为指导,运用构造层序与成岩层序学基础理论与分析方法,将层序中体系域的沉积过程与成岩作用相结合,通过钻井与地震相结合的层序解释,以三级层序中储集体形成的背景环境和原生孔隙的化学性质—成岩环境为单元,系统分析了不同体系域中沉积和成岩的标志,探讨了沉积体系域与成岩作用的制约关系及其对砂岩储层储集性的影响。在层序地层格架中研究成岩作用与成岩演化过程,最终预测优质储层的时空分布规律。
研究认为渤中凹陷构造发育的复杂性、活动时间和活动强度的差异性导致盆地在不同地区有着不同的构型,整个地区主要为箕状断陷盆地,其具有洼陷带、陡坡带、斜坡带三种构造地貌单元。在不同的构造单元沉积充填结构与沉积类型也存在差异性,陡坡带主要发育近岸水下扇,缓坡带发育三角洲,洼陷带主要为湖相沉积。构造运动不但制约着裂陷盆地的结构形态,而且在盆地的层序地层发育、沉积充填演化过程中起着主导性的控制作用,由此导致在渤中凹陷不同的构造—地貌单元中有着不同的成岩演化与成岩特征。
根据该地区盆地演化特征和构造运动特征,结合渤中凹陷地震、测井、岩芯、录井、古生物等资料,渤中凹陷古近系划分为一个一级层序,三个二级层序,在此基础上结合凹陷各种地化资料、古气候、古沉积条件、成岩作用以及成岩阶段的划分,初步建立了渤中凹陷古近系成岩层序分析综合柱状图,指出了有机碳、粘土矿物与层序之间的相互关系,在湖泛面附近有机碳、伊利石含量较高,层序界面附近高岭石含量较高。根据流体化学和原始沉积水介质条件下岩石和粘土矿物的成岩演化特征,得出了流体—岩石相互作用在渤中凹陷古近系存在着阶段性特征,并分析了凹陷陡坡带、缓坡带的成岩作用与成岩事件,陡坡带主要发育的成岩相为强压实成岩相与早期碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相,洼陷带发育的成岩相为溶蚀成岩相和早期高岭石混合杂基支撑-溶蚀成岩相,缓坡带的主要发育的成岩相有强压实、碳酸盐胶结、方解石胶结-溶蚀成岩相等特点。
结合渤中凹陷的各种沉积环境与沉积相,分析储层物性的控制因素,初步开展了优质储层“相控”与“层控”研究,根据海洋石油储层的评价标准,对渤中凹陷不同层段(层序)作出最终储层评价及预测,并提出了两个有利目标区。
Based on the theory of sedimentary , sequence stratigraphy and basin tectonicframework analysis, exerting the analysis method and basic theory of tectonicsequence and diagenetic sequence, this article makes the sediment process anddiagenesis combined from the control action which the structure effects to thedeposition. Through the sequence explanation combined borehole logs and seismicprofile, it analyzes sediment and diagenetic sign in different system tract and probesinto restrict relation between sediment system tract and diagenesis and the influencefor sandstone reserves, modularized by the background environment where reservoircomes in to being and diagenetic environment that is the chemic character of primarypore. In the sequence stratigraphic trellis, diagenesis and its evolvement process areinvestigated , space time distributing rule of high quality storey is forecastedultimately.
The research reckons the complexity, activity time and activity intensityotherness in the development of Bozhong depression sunken structure, lead to thefact that there are different configurations in different district with basin, the wholearea mainly forms half fault depression which has the sunken belt, actic region, rampregion three kinds of structure geomorphic units. There is also the difference in thedifferent tectonic element deposition intersertal structure and the deposition type, theactic region mainly grows submarine fan-shaped near bank, the ramp regiongrows delta, the sunken belt mainly becomes the lacustrine facies deposition. Thetectonic movement not only restricts the cracked and sunken basin structure shape, butalso be the main controlling effect in the process of basin sequence stratigraphicdevelopment and deposition filling, all this causes that there are different diagenesisevolvements and diagenesis characteristic in the different sunken structure -landformunit in BoZhong depression。
According to the local basin evolution characteristic and tectonic movementcharacteristic, Unifying the dates of seismic profile, drilling cores, well logging,welwitschiopsida and so on in Bozhong depression. Bozhong depression Paleogene
System nearly can be divided into a megasequence and three two sequences, on thebases conbin with depression geochemistry the material、the palaeo-climatology, theancient sedimentary environment and the diagenesis, become the crag stage thedivision, initially built on Bozhong depression Paleogene System the diageneticsequence analysis synthesis stick plot, has pointed out the relationship between theorganic carbon that around the surface of lake there are abundant of organic carbonand grundite meanwhile there are abundant of ancudite adjacent to the boundary ofstrata sequence.. The rock and the clay mineral become the crag evolutioncharacteristic according to the fluid chemistry and under the primitive depositionaqueous medium condition, obtains the fluid -rock mutual affects has the gradualcharacteristic in BoZhong depression Paleogene System, and analyzes thedepression actic region, the ramp region diagenesis actiong and diagenesis event.The development of diagenetic facies in actic region feathered with strongcompression diagenetic facies and early stage compacted carbonate-cemented sanddiagenetic facies. The development of diagenetic facies in the sunken belt featheredwith corrosion diagenetic facies and early stage mixed base-sustained corrosiondiagenetic facies. The development of diagenetic facies in ramp region regionfeathered with strong compression diagenetic facies, carbonate-cemented sanddiagenetic facies and calcite lement corrosion diagenetic facies.Unifying the kinds of sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies inBoZhong depression, analyzing reservoir natural controlling factors, it developes thehigh quality deposit " facies control" and "the stratum controls" the research, makesthe final reservoir evaluate and the forecast to BoZhong depression differentsequences ,and proposed two advantaged goal areas according to the sea petroleumreservoir evaluation criteria.
研究认为渤中凹陷构造发育的复杂性、活动时间和活动强度的差异性导致盆地在不同地区有着不同的构型,整个地区主要为箕状断陷盆地,其具有洼陷带、陡坡带、斜坡带三种构造地貌单元。在不同的构造单元沉积充填结构与沉积类型也存在差异性,陡坡带主要发育近岸水下扇,缓坡带发育三角洲,洼陷带主要为湖相沉积。构造运动不但制约着裂陷盆地的结构形态,而且在盆地的层序地层发育、沉积充填演化过程中起着主导性的控制作用,由此导致在渤中凹陷不同的构造—地貌单元中有着不同的成岩演化与成岩特征。
根据该地区盆地演化特征和构造运动特征,结合渤中凹陷地震、测井、岩芯、录井、古生物等资料,渤中凹陷古近系划分为一个一级层序,三个二级层序,在此基础上结合凹陷各种地化资料、古气候、古沉积条件、成岩作用以及成岩阶段的划分,初步建立了渤中凹陷古近系成岩层序分析综合柱状图,指出了有机碳、粘土矿物与层序之间的相互关系,在湖泛面附近有机碳、伊利石含量较高,层序界面附近高岭石含量较高。根据流体化学和原始沉积水介质条件下岩石和粘土矿物的成岩演化特征,得出了流体—岩石相互作用在渤中凹陷古近系存在着阶段性特征,并分析了凹陷陡坡带、缓坡带的成岩作用与成岩事件,陡坡带主要发育的成岩相为强压实成岩相与早期碳酸盐致密胶结成岩相,洼陷带发育的成岩相为溶蚀成岩相和早期高岭石混合杂基支撑-溶蚀成岩相,缓坡带的主要发育的成岩相有强压实、碳酸盐胶结、方解石胶结-溶蚀成岩相等特点。
结合渤中凹陷的各种沉积环境与沉积相,分析储层物性的控制因素,初步开展了优质储层“相控”与“层控”研究,根据海洋石油储层的评价标准,对渤中凹陷不同层段(层序)作出最终储层评价及预测,并提出了两个有利目标区。
Based on the theory of sedimentary , sequence stratigraphy and basin tectonicframework analysis, exerting the analysis method and basic theory of tectonicsequence and diagenetic sequence, this article makes the sediment process anddiagenesis combined from the control action which the structure effects to thedeposition. Through the sequence explanation combined borehole logs and seismicprofile, it analyzes sediment and diagenetic sign in different system tract and probesinto restrict relation between sediment system tract and diagenesis and the influencefor sandstone reserves, modularized by the background environment where reservoircomes in to being and diagenetic environment that is the chemic character of primarypore. In the sequence stratigraphic trellis, diagenesis and its evolvement process areinvestigated , space time distributing rule of high quality storey is forecastedultimately.
The research reckons the complexity, activity time and activity intensityotherness in the development of Bozhong depression sunken structure, lead to thefact that there are different configurations in different district with basin, the wholearea mainly forms half fault depression which has the sunken belt, actic region, rampregion three kinds of structure geomorphic units. There is also the difference in thedifferent tectonic element deposition intersertal structure and the deposition type, theactic region mainly grows submarine fan-shaped near bank, the ramp regiongrows delta, the sunken belt mainly becomes the lacustrine facies deposition. Thetectonic movement not only restricts the cracked and sunken basin structure shape, butalso be the main controlling effect in the process of basin sequence stratigraphicdevelopment and deposition filling, all this causes that there are different diagenesisevolvements and diagenesis characteristic in the different sunken structure -landformunit in BoZhong depression。
According to the local basin evolution characteristic and tectonic movementcharacteristic, Unifying the dates of seismic profile, drilling cores, well logging,welwitschiopsida and so on in Bozhong depression. Bozhong depression Paleogene
System nearly can be divided into a megasequence and three two sequences, on thebases conbin with depression geochemistry the material、the palaeo-climatology, theancient sedimentary environment and the diagenesis, become the crag stage thedivision, initially built on Bozhong depression Paleogene System the diageneticsequence analysis synthesis stick plot, has pointed out the relationship between theorganic carbon that around the surface of lake there are abundant of organic carbonand grundite meanwhile there are abundant of ancudite adjacent to the boundary ofstrata sequence.. The rock and the clay mineral become the crag evolutioncharacteristic according to the fluid chemistry and under the primitive depositionaqueous medium condition, obtains the fluid -rock mutual affects has the gradualcharacteristic in BoZhong depression Paleogene System, and analyzes thedepression actic region, the ramp region diagenesis actiong and diagenesis event.The development of diagenetic facies in actic region feathered with strongcompression diagenetic facies and early stage compacted carbonate-cemented sanddiagenetic facies. The development of diagenetic facies in the sunken belt featheredwith corrosion diagenetic facies and early stage mixed base-sustained corrosiondiagenetic facies. The development of diagenetic facies in ramp region regionfeathered with strong compression diagenetic facies, carbonate-cemented sanddiagenetic facies and calcite lement corrosion diagenetic facies.Unifying the kinds of sedimentary environments and sedimentary facies inBoZhong depression, analyzing reservoir natural controlling factors, it developes thehigh quality deposit " facies control" and "the stratum controls" the research, makesthe final reservoir evaluate and the forecast to BoZhong depression differentsequences ,and proposed two advantaged goal areas according to the sea petroleumreservoir evaluation criteria.
引文
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[2]邓宏文、王红亮、祝永军,高分辨率层序地层学-原理及应用,地质出版社,2002
[3]徐怀大等译,层序地层学原理(海平面变化综合分析),石油工业出版社,1993 年
[4]裘怿楠、薛叔浩,应凤祥,中国陆相油气储层,石油工业出版社,1997 年
[5]李丕龙等,陆相断陷盆地油气地质与勘探(1-6),石油工业出版社,2003 年
[6]于兴河,碎屑岩系油气储层沉积学,石油工业出版社,2002 年
[7]陆永潮,层序地层学在碎屑岩成岩作用研究中的应用,石油试验地质,1999 年
[8]王燮培,渤中地区石油地质综合研究及评价(内部研究报告),渤海石油公司研究院,中国地质大学(武汉),1990
[9]王毓俊,渤中地区勘探方向与勘探目标选择的几点建议,中国海洋石油勘探开发研究中心,1998
[10]何仕斌,渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷下第三系沉积相研究及储层分析,中国海洋石油勘探开发研究中心,1998
[11]王善书编,沿海大陆架及毗邻海域油气区(上册),中国石油地质志,卷十六,石油工业出版社,1990
[12]胡宗全,层序地层研究的新思路——构造-层序地层研究.现代地质,2004,18(4):549-554
[13]胡望水编译,裂谷盆地转换构造及其石油地质意义[J],国外油气勘探,1994,6(2):145-154
[14]周建生,杨池银,陈发景.黄骅坳陷横向变换带的构造特征及成因[J].1997,11(4):425-433
[15]赵红格,刘池阳.调节带和转换带及其在伸展区的分段作用[J],世界地质,2000,19(2):105-111
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