海塔盆地塔南凹陷断裂系统及其控藏机理研究
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摘要
本文在对塔南凹陷三维地震资料解释梳理的基础上,详细分析断裂几何学特征,认为垂向上以大磨拐河组为界分为上、下两套断层体系,下部断层系断裂组合样式主要有多米诺式、铲式扇、地堑、阶梯式组合,反映了断裂伸展变形为主。上部断层系断裂组合模式主要有“V”字形、“y”字形或反“y”字形组合。上部断层系与下部断层系主要为花状组合,局部为“y”字形或反“y”字形组合。断裂走向总体上为NNE-NE走向,断拗层主走滑断层之间仍为斜列状和平行式断层组合为主,而主走滑断层与次级断层之间呈现“羽状”、“梳状”、“帚状”、“发辫状”组合样式,次级断层之间往往呈平行式组合样式。
塔南凹陷断裂形成演化经历了4个阶段,铜钵庙组～南二段时期为伸展变形时期;大磨拐河组～伊一段沉积时期为相对静止期;伊二三段沉积时期为张扭变形时期;伊敏组末期～青元岗组时期为压扭反转变形时期。可划分为4套断裂系统:早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统,早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统为长期发育的断裂,是连接早期伸展断裂系统与中期张扭断裂系统的桥梁和纽带。
在断裂系统划分的基础上,利用研究区近400口井数据,系统研究了塔南凹陷油分布规律及油藏类型,得到油藏类型共分为三类七型,构造油藏包括反向断层遮挡油藏、同向断层断块油藏、古潜山油藏,含油层位为铜钵庙组和基岩潜山,主要分布在中部断裂潜山带、中部次凹、西部潜山断裂带;构造—岩性复合油藏包括断层岩性油藏、构造岩性油藏、断层不整合面遮挡油藏,含油层位为南屯组和铜钵庙组,主要分布在东部次凹、西部次凹以及西部潜山断裂带;岩性油藏含油层位为南屯组,主要分布在东部次凹。依据断裂系统划分结果、油藏类型及其分布规律,塔南凹陷断圈类型可划分为二类五型:即单一断层构成的断圈模式、交叉断层构成复杂断圈模式、侧列断层构成的复杂断圈模式和多边断层构成封闭断圈模式;混合型圈闭为断层岩性圈闭模式。早期伸展断裂系统在油成藏关键时刻不活动,主要起到侧向遮挡作用;早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统虽然在油成藏关键时刻是活动断裂,但因为上覆泥岩的顶封作用,断裂依旧起到遮挡作用;早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统在成藏关键时刻后再次活动,对已形成的铜钵庙组油藏和南屯组油藏有着明显的破坏作用,形成次生油藏。铜钵庙组油藏油水界面主要受控于断层侧向封堵性,标定d值为16,预测的油水界面要小于探明储量区圈定的范围,均为部分有效圈闭。
以断裂控藏机理研究为指导,结合运移通道、运移模式及塔南凹陷油源对比认为,断裂控藏模式可分为两类三型,即不整合面侧向运移反向断层遮挡控藏模式、源储同层断层遮挡控藏模式垂向运移反向断层遮挡控藏模式。
This paper thoroughly analyze the geometry features of faults on the basis of 3D seismic data of Tanan depression and draw two sets of fault systems with the interface of Damoguaihe group exist in vertical and the combination modes of lower system are mainly domino offect, shovel-fan, graben and multistep, reflecting stretching degroup of faults, while those of upper system are usually V-type, y-type or inversion y-type. Combination modes of the two systems are mainly flower type and partially y or inversion-y type. General fault strike is NNE-NE and fault combinationa of main strike-slip faults are echelon and parallel while those between main and secondary faults are pinniform, comb, brush and braided, and those of secondary faults are usually parallel.
The four phases of evolution of faults in Tanan depression are phase of stretching deformation from Tongbomiao group to naner member, relative rest from damoguaihe group to yiyi member, tensile-sheering deformation during yier and yisan member, compressive-sheering inversion deformation from late yimin group to qingyuangang group. In addition, the four fault systems are system of fault stretching in the early, tensile-sheering in the middle, stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle, stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle and inversing in the late, and the last two fault systems are long-developing faults linking the fist two systems.
Reservoir type can be divided into three categories and seven sub-categories, from analysis of oil distribution and reservoir types in Tanan depression utilizing fault-system analysis and data of 400 wells, including tectonic reservoirs: reservoirs of antithetic faults blocking, synthetic fault blocks and paleo burial hill, of which the oil-bearing layers are Tongbomiao group and bedrock burial hills and mainly distributed fault-burial hill zones, sub-depression in the middle and burial-hill fault zones in the west; tectonic-lithology compound reservoirs: reservoirs of fault-lithology, tectonic-lithology, fault-unconformity blocking, of which the main oil-containing layers are Nantun and Tongbomiao group and mainly distributed in sun-depression in the east and the west and burial-hill fault zones in the west; lithology reservoirs distributed in sun-depression in the east with Nantun group as its oil-bearing layer.
Analysis of fault-controlling-reservoir mechanism, based on division of faults systems and reservoir types and distribution, there are two types and five sub-types of fault traps. They are: fault traps composed of single fault, complicate fault traps composed of crisscross faults, and of lateral echelon faults and sealing-fault traps composed of Multilateral faults and compound fault traps belong to fault-lithology traps. Early stretching fault system is not active in key period of oil accumulation, of which the main function is lateral blocking; though system of fault stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle is active in key period of oil accumulation, is still in blocking action for the sealing of overlapping mudstone; system of fault stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle and inversing in the late is active after the key period of oil accumulation,devastating to the reservoirs of Tongbomiao group and nantun group, and help the secondary formation of reservoirs. Interface of water and oil in Tongbomiao group is dominated by lateral blockness of faults, of which minimum d value is 16 and interfaces predicated is smaller than the area of proved reserves.
There are two types and three sun-types of reservoir-controlling modes, on the basis of mechanism of fault controlling reservoir, migration pathways and modes and oil-source rock correlation in Tanan depression: oil migrating along unconformity and blocked by faults, source rocks and reservoirs in the same layer while blocked by faults and vertically migrating and blocked by faults.
塔南凹陷断裂形成演化经历了4个阶段,铜钵庙组～南二段时期为伸展变形时期;大磨拐河组～伊一段沉积时期为相对静止期;伊二三段沉积时期为张扭变形时期;伊敏组末期～青元岗组时期为压扭反转变形时期。可划分为4套断裂系统:早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统,早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统、早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统为长期发育的断裂,是连接早期伸展断裂系统与中期张扭断裂系统的桥梁和纽带。
在断裂系统划分的基础上,利用研究区近400口井数据,系统研究了塔南凹陷油分布规律及油藏类型,得到油藏类型共分为三类七型,构造油藏包括反向断层遮挡油藏、同向断层断块油藏、古潜山油藏,含油层位为铜钵庙组和基岩潜山,主要分布在中部断裂潜山带、中部次凹、西部潜山断裂带;构造—岩性复合油藏包括断层岩性油藏、构造岩性油藏、断层不整合面遮挡油藏,含油层位为南屯组和铜钵庙组,主要分布在东部次凹、西部次凹以及西部潜山断裂带;岩性油藏含油层位为南屯组,主要分布在东部次凹。依据断裂系统划分结果、油藏类型及其分布规律,塔南凹陷断圈类型可划分为二类五型:即单一断层构成的断圈模式、交叉断层构成复杂断圈模式、侧列断层构成的复杂断圈模式和多边断层构成封闭断圈模式;混合型圈闭为断层岩性圈闭模式。早期伸展断裂系统在油成藏关键时刻不活动,主要起到侧向遮挡作用;早期伸展中期张扭断裂系统虽然在油成藏关键时刻是活动断裂,但因为上覆泥岩的顶封作用,断裂依旧起到遮挡作用;早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转断裂系统在成藏关键时刻后再次活动,对已形成的铜钵庙组油藏和南屯组油藏有着明显的破坏作用,形成次生油藏。铜钵庙组油藏油水界面主要受控于断层侧向封堵性,标定d值为16,预测的油水界面要小于探明储量区圈定的范围,均为部分有效圈闭。
以断裂控藏机理研究为指导,结合运移通道、运移模式及塔南凹陷油源对比认为,断裂控藏模式可分为两类三型,即不整合面侧向运移反向断层遮挡控藏模式、源储同层断层遮挡控藏模式垂向运移反向断层遮挡控藏模式。
This paper thoroughly analyze the geometry features of faults on the basis of 3D seismic data of Tanan depression and draw two sets of fault systems with the interface of Damoguaihe group exist in vertical and the combination modes of lower system are mainly domino offect, shovel-fan, graben and multistep, reflecting stretching degroup of faults, while those of upper system are usually V-type, y-type or inversion y-type. Combination modes of the two systems are mainly flower type and partially y or inversion-y type. General fault strike is NNE-NE and fault combinationa of main strike-slip faults are echelon and parallel while those between main and secondary faults are pinniform, comb, brush and braided, and those of secondary faults are usually parallel.
The four phases of evolution of faults in Tanan depression are phase of stretching deformation from Tongbomiao group to naner member, relative rest from damoguaihe group to yiyi member, tensile-sheering deformation during yier and yisan member, compressive-sheering inversion deformation from late yimin group to qingyuangang group. In addition, the four fault systems are system of fault stretching in the early, tensile-sheering in the middle, stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle, stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle and inversing in the late, and the last two fault systems are long-developing faults linking the fist two systems.
Reservoir type can be divided into three categories and seven sub-categories, from analysis of oil distribution and reservoir types in Tanan depression utilizing fault-system analysis and data of 400 wells, including tectonic reservoirs: reservoirs of antithetic faults blocking, synthetic fault blocks and paleo burial hill, of which the oil-bearing layers are Tongbomiao group and bedrock burial hills and mainly distributed fault-burial hill zones, sub-depression in the middle and burial-hill fault zones in the west; tectonic-lithology compound reservoirs: reservoirs of fault-lithology, tectonic-lithology, fault-unconformity blocking, of which the main oil-containing layers are Nantun and Tongbomiao group and mainly distributed in sun-depression in the east and the west and burial-hill fault zones in the west; lithology reservoirs distributed in sun-depression in the east with Nantun group as its oil-bearing layer.
Analysis of fault-controlling-reservoir mechanism, based on division of faults systems and reservoir types and distribution, there are two types and five sub-types of fault traps. They are: fault traps composed of single fault, complicate fault traps composed of crisscross faults, and of lateral echelon faults and sealing-fault traps composed of Multilateral faults and compound fault traps belong to fault-lithology traps. Early stretching fault system is not active in key period of oil accumulation, of which the main function is lateral blocking; though system of fault stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle is active in key period of oil accumulation, is still in blocking action for the sealing of overlapping mudstone; system of fault stretching in the early while tensile-sheering in the middle and inversing in the late is active after the key period of oil accumulation,devastating to the reservoirs of Tongbomiao group and nantun group, and help the secondary formation of reservoirs. Interface of water and oil in Tongbomiao group is dominated by lateral blockness of faults, of which minimum d value is 16 and interfaces predicated is smaller than the area of proved reserves.
There are two types and three sun-types of reservoir-controlling modes, on the basis of mechanism of fault controlling reservoir, migration pathways and modes and oil-source rock correlation in Tanan depression: oil migrating along unconformity and blocked by faults, source rocks and reservoirs in the same layer while blocked by faults and vertically migrating and blocked by faults.
引文
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