兰成渝成品油管道技术经济优化分析
摘要
探讨多分输成品油管道技术经济优化问题，是一个较为宏观的问题。它涉及油源、销售、管道系统三者间的关系。在我国，设计、建设和管理面向市场的大型成品油管道是没有先例的。随着市场经济的确立，以满足市场需求为前提的成品油管道建设将是必然的。以具体管道的技术经济优化分析为题，从多方面加以论证，将会对未来市场经济环境下的管道建设提供借鉴。
本课题以兰成渝管道为分析对象，在对“兰成渝成品油管道工程可行性研究”进行分析的基础上，首先侧重对管道周边销售市场竞争环境的分析，提出管道输量的增长由于多元竞争以及中国石油企业的新格局建立，会是一个缓慢增长的过程。在此前提下，确定了更为实际的管道输量及合理的管道建设规模，完成了多种管道建设方案的主体投资、管内罐内油品资金占用、管道运行费用、不同运行工艺方式下混油产生与储罐建设的关系等分析；强调管道输送的安全性、经济性、高效性；从运行管理者的角度分析了批次数与储罐建设等有关问题，最终提出了能够确保管道灵活性，适应性的兰成渝成品油管道最佳建设方案。
兰成渝成品油管道沿线地形复杂，落差大，工艺计算中有别于以往任何一条管道。管道的多点分输，使得计算更为复杂，计算程序的编制是本课题完成的又一成果，程序的编制为今后从管理者角度探讨此类管道建设的优化问题提供了便利。
课题研究所提出的管道建设方案，主张以不断增设增压站、储罐、输送工艺中采用添加减阻剂的方式，来满足输送量日益增多的需要。这种方式即可避免一次性投资过大，又可确保管道自身具有弹性，在一个十分宽泛的输量范围内输送；实现多品种、小批量输送并满足客户在输送效率上的需求。
本课题提出的兰成渝管道年总输量在竞争环境中将会缓慢增长等结论，已在近期得到验证。兰成渝成品油管道实际采用的大直径管道，在管道投产后的日常输送中某些问题已经显现，从一个侧面说明本课题提出的观点和方案是正确的，可为未来市场经济环境下的成品油管道建设提供借鉴。
The economic and technical optimization of refined product pipeline with multi-branchout falls into an overall subject associated with source, sales and pipeline. In China, the design, construction and operation of market-oriented product pipeline are unprecedented. With the establishment of market economy, the construction of product pipelines based on market demand is imminent. Economic and technical optimization analysis aimed at a certain pipeline and from various points of view will provide practical references for the forthcoming construction of product pipeline under economy market.
By analyzing "The Feasibility Study on Lan-Cheng-Yu Product Pipeline Project" as well as by laying the stressed analysis on the sales competition at pipeline peripheries, this paper points out that the increase in pipeline throughput and the establishment of new structure of China's oil enterprises will be a long course due to the formation of diversified competitions. Based on analyses above, a more practical pipeline throughput and a reasonable construction scale are determined. In addition, analysis is made on the correlation between a combination factor consisting of pipeline capital investment by various designs, unfulfilled product value contained in tank and pipeline, pipeline operation cost and the contamination buildup under different operation patterns, and the construction of storage tank. Particular emphasis is laid on the safety, economy and efficiency of pipeline operation, and some relevant subjects like batching number and storage tank construction are analyzed from the view of pipeline opera
tor. Finally, an optimized construction proposal for Lan-Cheng-Yu product pipeline is put forward, which may enhance the inflexibility and adaptability of this pipeline.
The landform along the route of Lan-Cheng-Yu pipeline varies largely in elevation, .which makes the hydraulic calculation differ from that of other previous pipelines. The multi-branchout with the pipeline further complicates the calculation. The successful development of numerical software is one of achievements of this research project. This software will provide facility for the optimization on further constructed pipeline.
The construction proposal recommended by this research project suggests a
gradual increase in installation of boosting pump and tank, in conjunction with the use of DRA as an expedient be utilized to accomplish the ever increasing throughput. This approach makes for less investment and greater pipeline flexibility, allowing pipeline to operate at a board range of throughputs to meet the demand of customers featured by a variety of products and small quantity at each batching.
The conclusion, drawn by this research project, of a gradual increase in pipeline throughput under the competition has recently been proved. Problems have emerged with this pipeline due to the actual adoption of large diameter line. This collaterally justifies the construction and operation proposal drawn by this research project. The conclusions and achievements will provide useful reference for the further construction of product pipelines under market-oriented environment.
本课题以兰成渝管道为分析对象，在对“兰成渝成品油管道工程可行性研究”进行分析的基础上，首先侧重对管道周边销售市场竞争环境的分析，提出管道输量的增长由于多元竞争以及中国石油企业的新格局建立，会是一个缓慢增长的过程。在此前提下，确定了更为实际的管道输量及合理的管道建设规模，完成了多种管道建设方案的主体投资、管内罐内油品资金占用、管道运行费用、不同运行工艺方式下混油产生与储罐建设的关系等分析；强调管道输送的安全性、经济性、高效性；从运行管理者的角度分析了批次数与储罐建设等有关问题，最终提出了能够确保管道灵活性，适应性的兰成渝成品油管道最佳建设方案。
兰成渝成品油管道沿线地形复杂，落差大，工艺计算中有别于以往任何一条管道。管道的多点分输，使得计算更为复杂，计算程序的编制是本课题完成的又一成果，程序的编制为今后从管理者角度探讨此类管道建设的优化问题提供了便利。
课题研究所提出的管道建设方案，主张以不断增设增压站、储罐、输送工艺中采用添加减阻剂的方式，来满足输送量日益增多的需要。这种方式即可避免一次性投资过大，又可确保管道自身具有弹性，在一个十分宽泛的输量范围内输送；实现多品种、小批量输送并满足客户在输送效率上的需求。
本课题提出的兰成渝管道年总输量在竞争环境中将会缓慢增长等结论，已在近期得到验证。兰成渝成品油管道实际采用的大直径管道，在管道投产后的日常输送中某些问题已经显现，从一个侧面说明本课题提出的观点和方案是正确的，可为未来市场经济环境下的成品油管道建设提供借鉴。
The economic and technical optimization of refined product pipeline with multi-branchout falls into an overall subject associated with source, sales and pipeline. In China, the design, construction and operation of market-oriented product pipeline are unprecedented. With the establishment of market economy, the construction of product pipelines based on market demand is imminent. Economic and technical optimization analysis aimed at a certain pipeline and from various points of view will provide practical references for the forthcoming construction of product pipeline under economy market.
By analyzing "The Feasibility Study on Lan-Cheng-Yu Product Pipeline Project" as well as by laying the stressed analysis on the sales competition at pipeline peripheries, this paper points out that the increase in pipeline throughput and the establishment of new structure of China's oil enterprises will be a long course due to the formation of diversified competitions. Based on analyses above, a more practical pipeline throughput and a reasonable construction scale are determined. In addition, analysis is made on the correlation between a combination factor consisting of pipeline capital investment by various designs, unfulfilled product value contained in tank and pipeline, pipeline operation cost and the contamination buildup under different operation patterns, and the construction of storage tank. Particular emphasis is laid on the safety, economy and efficiency of pipeline operation, and some relevant subjects like batching number and storage tank construction are analyzed from the view of pipeline opera
tor. Finally, an optimized construction proposal for Lan-Cheng-Yu product pipeline is put forward, which may enhance the inflexibility and adaptability of this pipeline.
The landform along the route of Lan-Cheng-Yu pipeline varies largely in elevation, .which makes the hydraulic calculation differ from that of other previous pipelines. The multi-branchout with the pipeline further complicates the calculation. The successful development of numerical software is one of achievements of this research project. This software will provide facility for the optimization on further constructed pipeline.
The construction proposal recommended by this research project suggests a
gradual increase in installation of boosting pump and tank, in conjunction with the use of DRA as an expedient be utilized to accomplish the ever increasing throughput. This approach makes for less investment and greater pipeline flexibility, allowing pipeline to operate at a board range of throughputs to meet the demand of customers featured by a variety of products and small quantity at each batching.
The conclusion, drawn by this research project, of a gradual increase in pipeline throughput under the competition has recently been proved. Problems have emerged with this pipeline due to the actual adoption of large diameter line. This collaterally justifies the construction and operation proposal drawn by this research project. The conclusions and achievements will provide useful reference for the further construction of product pipelines under market-oriented environment.
引文
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[2] 张贤模，张金锁．技术经济学原理与方法。
[3] 潘家华，刘丽文．现代生产管理学．清华大学出版社。
[4] 运筹学．清华大学出版。
[5] 兰州～成都输油管道工程可行性研究报告．管道勘察设计院．1998．8。
[6] 严大凡．输油管道设计与管理．北京：石油工业出版社．1989．145～185。
[7] 梁翕章，唐智圆．世界著名管道工程．北京：石油工业出版社．1994．185～373。
[8] 中国石油天然气总公司．输油管道工程设计规范．中国．GB/P 50253-94．1994。
[9] 薛嘉庆．最优化原理与方法．北京：冶金工业出版社．1992．121～126。
[10] 钱锡俊，陈弘．泵与压缩机．东营：石油大学出版社．1989．27～42。
[11] W. H. Press, S. A. Teukolsky, W. T. Vetterling, B. P. Flannery. C语言数值算法程序大全．北京：电子工业出版社．1995．303～305。
[12] 塔银．试谈我国成品油管道建设．油气储运．1992．11(1)：5～8。
[13] 陈卓如．工程流体力学．哈尔滨：哈尔滨工业大学出版社．1987．115～124。
[14] 许德全．干线成品油管道．廊坊：中国石油天然气管道勘察设计院．1996．1～16，94～134。
[15] 邓松圣，蒲家宁．顺序输送水力瞬变全过程模拟．油气储运．1996．15(12)：16～19。
[16] 潘家华，郭光臣，高锡祺．油罐及管道强度设计．北京：石油工业出版社．1993．222～248。
[17] 蒲家宁．管道顺序输送动态分析．油气储运．1991．10(3)：1～4。
[18] 桑广世，孙宇．成品油管理道批次、批量和各站库容的计算．油气储运．2000．19(2)16-19。
[19] 许宝兴，孙建斌．油品顺序输送及其相关技术问题．油气储运．2000．19(6)14-15。
[20] 商鹏．汽油、水顺序输送的特殊混油变化．油气储运 2000．19(7)16-18。
[21] 商鹏．南输成品油管道顺序输送混油问题．油气储运 1999．18(1)2-6。
[22] 陈庆勋．成品油顺序输送分输和变管径混油量的计算．油气储运 1999．18(1)7-8。
[23] 蒲家宁，蒋明．管道顺序输送运行优化．油气储运 1999．18(10)1-6。
[24] 商鹏．5#柴油低温顺序输送的特殊混油变化．油气储运 1999．18(11)6-9。
[25] 储祥萍，于达．成品油顺序输送过程模拟．油气储运 1999．18(4)6-9。
[26] 李慧朵，相军．原油与成品油顺序输送的技术问题．油气储运 1999．18(6)7-9。
[27] 陈庆勋．成品油顺序输送批次优化．油气储运 1999．18(6)10-11。
[28] 胡延江．克乌成品油管道投油方案及投油过程分析．油气储运 1999．18(7)．19-22。
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