产业价值链理论研究及其在我国互联网电话产业的应用
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摘要
互联网电话(VoIP)技术因其对传统电信产业的深刻影响而受到产业界及学术界的高度关注,并在宽带及语音技术成熟后迅速形成一个全球性的新兴产业。由于直接对电信、互联网等产业存在重大影响,且对互联网电视(IPTV)及下一代网络(NGN)等产业存在重要的借鉴意义,VoIP在世界各国科技竞争力争夺中显示出突出的战略位置,发达国家纷纷在管制实践、科研投入及市场开拓等方面加大力度以取得全球竞争优势。此外,作为研究竞争力的有力工具,波特的价值链理论越来越需要适应互联网时代产业发展的需求,当评估诸如VoIP这类新兴产业的竞争力时尤为如此。
本文系统地发展了产业价值链理论体系,以此为基础分析我国VoIP产业价值链,进而开展对我国VoIP产业竞争力的研究。具体工作如下:
进行了产业价值链理论研究。提出“价值链理论丛林”概念,通过对比研究发现产业价值链理论的重要地位;构建产业价值链理论框架作为本文研究的基础;提出的统一产业价值链理论框架指明该理论未来的发展方向。
完成了产业价值链建模工作。提出价值势能概念并建立其数学模型,通过分析决定价值势能的三个作用力,揭示价值创造、分配、传递背后的动力机制,以此作为衡量价值链外部竞争优势的量化手段;利用图论及线性代数的相关理论,提出产业价值矩阵概念并完成其数学模型的构建,进而提出测定产业价值链内部竞争力的三个主要指标:吞吐系数、可靠度和信息化度。
分析了我国VoIP产业价值链。利用产业形成与发展的四种动因、VoIP产业形成的“五力模型”及价值势能模型三种方法,对互联网电话产业的成因进行了详细分析;通过将原来的“三模式”分类法改进为“七模式”分类法,从技术的角度为国家产业政策制定提供新的理论依据;从VoIP产业价值链要素分析入手,整理了七种VoIP运营模式,并建立了每种模式的产业价值链结构模型;分析VoIP产业价值链的具体特征,并归纳我国产业价值链的现存问题。
对我国VoIP产业竞争力进行研究。在竞争要素整理及SWOT分析基础上,利用价值势能模型、哈佛的“产业演进”理论、波特的“五力模型”及案例分析等方法,对我国VoIP产业竞争力进行研究,发现我国VoIP产业积蓄着巨大的价值势能但产业国内、国际竞争力均不容乐观的结论;随后系统地分析了制约我国VoIP产业竞争力的各种直接和间接因素。
提出了促进我国VoIP产业发展的若干建议。建议通过调控VoIP产业价值势能创造更大的社会福利;通过“第三方管制”和消除电信垄断等策略来提升“管制-垄断系数”并最终解除产业发展瓶颈;通过发展电信、有线电视等主要产业价值链模式来增强整个产业的国际竞争能力;在网络融合前做好准备工作;最后引出对全球VoIP产业繁荣未来的思考。
研究成果表明:(1)我国VoIP产业价值链发展很不健全;(2)尽管该产业存有巨量价值势能,但产业国内及国际竞争力都表现不佳;(3)管制滞后和电信垄断是我国VoIP产业发展落后的症结;(4)包括“调控价值势能”、“第三方管制”及“电信增收”等政策建议有望成为解开产业发展困局的参考。
Voice over Internet Protocal(VoIP) is attracting serious attention from industry and academia due to its profound influence on traditional telecom industry, and forms a newly emerging industry globally after the mature of broadband and voice techniques. Directly affecting telecom industry, Internet industry, and providing significant references to Internet TV(IPTV) and NGN, VoIP shows a prominent strategic position in every nation worldwide. Most developed countries are investing much on regulation, R&D and marketing to gain global competitive advantage. On the other hand, as the powerful tool of competitiveness research, Porter’s value chain theory is needed to meet the requirement of industry development at Internet times more and more, especially for the research on newly emerging industries such as VoIP.
In this dissertation, industrial value chain(IVC) theory system was constructed, based on which China’s VoIP IVC was analyzed and research on China’s VoIP industrial competitiveness was undertaken. The detailed achievements are shown as follows:
First, IVC theory was developed. The concept“value chain theory jungle”was proposed and the contrast research was made on the development of this jungle. The preliminary framework of IVC theory system was constructed to play the role of theoretic cornerstone of this paper. The unified IVC theory framework was brought forward to present guide for IVC’s future development.
Second, IVC models were constructed. The concept“value potential energy”was presented and its mathematical model was built up. By analyzing the three forces determining value potential energy, the original driving forces behind the whole process of value movement was explored, which will be taken as a means of measuring outer competitive advantage of an IVC. Also, based on graph theory and linear algebra,“industrial value matrix”was brought forth and the relevant mathematical model was constructed. After that, three main indices– throughput ratio, reliability and information degree– were presented to measure the inner competitive capability of an IVC.
Third, the China’s VoIP IVC was analyzed. The formation forces of VoIP industry were analyzed in detail by three approaches. The proposed“seven mode”classification instead of previous“three mode”can technically present new theoretical references for the industrial policy makers. Starting from analyzing the components of VoIP IVC, the seven VoIP operating modes were combed and their structure models were built up. The specific features of VoIP IVC were analyzed and the existing relevant problems in China were summerized.
Fourth, the research on China’s VoIP industrial competitiveness was undertaken. After the analysis of competition factors and SWOT, such approaches as value potential energy model, industry evolutionary theory, Porter’s“five force”model, case study, etc. were utilized to evaluate industrial competitiveness of China. It was found that there is huge value potential energy in China’s VoIP industry but its national and international competitiveness are both unsatisfactory. Some factors constraining the competitiveness of China’s VoIP industry were discussed.
Last but not least, some advices on China’s VoIP industrial development were proposed, which consists of controlling value potential energy to create more social welfare, applying third party regulation and eliminating monopoly to break the deadlock of industrial development, enhancing VoIP industrial competitiveness by developing main VoIP IVCs, getting prepared for the network convergence. Finally, the consideration for the global boom of VoIP industry was mentioned.
Based on the presented IVC theory system in this dissertation, it was concluded that: (1) The development of China’s VoIP IVC is not competent; (2) Even though there is tremendous value potential energy in China’VoIP industry, neither its national competitiveness nor its international competitiveness is satisfactory; (3) The lagged regulation progress and telecom monopoly is the crux of the slow development of China’s VoIP industry; (4) Some advices including“controlling value potential energy”,“third party regulation”and“augmenting telecom’s income”present references to solve the above problems.
本文系统地发展了产业价值链理论体系,以此为基础分析我国VoIP产业价值链,进而开展对我国VoIP产业竞争力的研究。具体工作如下:
进行了产业价值链理论研究。提出“价值链理论丛林”概念,通过对比研究发现产业价值链理论的重要地位;构建产业价值链理论框架作为本文研究的基础;提出的统一产业价值链理论框架指明该理论未来的发展方向。
完成了产业价值链建模工作。提出价值势能概念并建立其数学模型,通过分析决定价值势能的三个作用力,揭示价值创造、分配、传递背后的动力机制,以此作为衡量价值链外部竞争优势的量化手段;利用图论及线性代数的相关理论,提出产业价值矩阵概念并完成其数学模型的构建,进而提出测定产业价值链内部竞争力的三个主要指标:吞吐系数、可靠度和信息化度。
分析了我国VoIP产业价值链。利用产业形成与发展的四种动因、VoIP产业形成的“五力模型”及价值势能模型三种方法,对互联网电话产业的成因进行了详细分析;通过将原来的“三模式”分类法改进为“七模式”分类法,从技术的角度为国家产业政策制定提供新的理论依据;从VoIP产业价值链要素分析入手,整理了七种VoIP运营模式,并建立了每种模式的产业价值链结构模型;分析VoIP产业价值链的具体特征,并归纳我国产业价值链的现存问题。
对我国VoIP产业竞争力进行研究。在竞争要素整理及SWOT分析基础上,利用价值势能模型、哈佛的“产业演进”理论、波特的“五力模型”及案例分析等方法,对我国VoIP产业竞争力进行研究,发现我国VoIP产业积蓄着巨大的价值势能但产业国内、国际竞争力均不容乐观的结论;随后系统地分析了制约我国VoIP产业竞争力的各种直接和间接因素。
提出了促进我国VoIP产业发展的若干建议。建议通过调控VoIP产业价值势能创造更大的社会福利;通过“第三方管制”和消除电信垄断等策略来提升“管制-垄断系数”并最终解除产业发展瓶颈;通过发展电信、有线电视等主要产业价值链模式来增强整个产业的国际竞争能力;在网络融合前做好准备工作;最后引出对全球VoIP产业繁荣未来的思考。
研究成果表明:(1)我国VoIP产业价值链发展很不健全;(2)尽管该产业存有巨量价值势能,但产业国内及国际竞争力都表现不佳;(3)管制滞后和电信垄断是我国VoIP产业发展落后的症结;(4)包括“调控价值势能”、“第三方管制”及“电信增收”等政策建议有望成为解开产业发展困局的参考。
Voice over Internet Protocal(VoIP) is attracting serious attention from industry and academia due to its profound influence on traditional telecom industry, and forms a newly emerging industry globally after the mature of broadband and voice techniques. Directly affecting telecom industry, Internet industry, and providing significant references to Internet TV(IPTV) and NGN, VoIP shows a prominent strategic position in every nation worldwide. Most developed countries are investing much on regulation, R&D and marketing to gain global competitive advantage. On the other hand, as the powerful tool of competitiveness research, Porter’s value chain theory is needed to meet the requirement of industry development at Internet times more and more, especially for the research on newly emerging industries such as VoIP.
In this dissertation, industrial value chain(IVC) theory system was constructed, based on which China’s VoIP IVC was analyzed and research on China’s VoIP industrial competitiveness was undertaken. The detailed achievements are shown as follows:
First, IVC theory was developed. The concept“value chain theory jungle”was proposed and the contrast research was made on the development of this jungle. The preliminary framework of IVC theory system was constructed to play the role of theoretic cornerstone of this paper. The unified IVC theory framework was brought forward to present guide for IVC’s future development.
Second, IVC models were constructed. The concept“value potential energy”was presented and its mathematical model was built up. By analyzing the three forces determining value potential energy, the original driving forces behind the whole process of value movement was explored, which will be taken as a means of measuring outer competitive advantage of an IVC. Also, based on graph theory and linear algebra,“industrial value matrix”was brought forth and the relevant mathematical model was constructed. After that, three main indices– throughput ratio, reliability and information degree– were presented to measure the inner competitive capability of an IVC.
Third, the China’s VoIP IVC was analyzed. The formation forces of VoIP industry were analyzed in detail by three approaches. The proposed“seven mode”classification instead of previous“three mode”can technically present new theoretical references for the industrial policy makers. Starting from analyzing the components of VoIP IVC, the seven VoIP operating modes were combed and their structure models were built up. The specific features of VoIP IVC were analyzed and the existing relevant problems in China were summerized.
Fourth, the research on China’s VoIP industrial competitiveness was undertaken. After the analysis of competition factors and SWOT, such approaches as value potential energy model, industry evolutionary theory, Porter’s“five force”model, case study, etc. were utilized to evaluate industrial competitiveness of China. It was found that there is huge value potential energy in China’s VoIP industry but its national and international competitiveness are both unsatisfactory. Some factors constraining the competitiveness of China’s VoIP industry were discussed.
Last but not least, some advices on China’s VoIP industrial development were proposed, which consists of controlling value potential energy to create more social welfare, applying third party regulation and eliminating monopoly to break the deadlock of industrial development, enhancing VoIP industrial competitiveness by developing main VoIP IVCs, getting prepared for the network convergence. Finally, the consideration for the global boom of VoIP industry was mentioned.
Based on the presented IVC theory system in this dissertation, it was concluded that: (1) The development of China’s VoIP IVC is not competent; (2) Even though there is tremendous value potential energy in China’VoIP industry, neither its national competitiveness nor its international competitiveness is satisfactory; (3) The lagged regulation progress and telecom monopoly is the crux of the slow development of China’s VoIP industry; (4) Some advices including“controlling value potential energy”,“third party regulation”and“augmenting telecom’s income”present references to solve the above problems.
引文
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