杜仲蛋白纯化、序列分析及抗菌活性研究
|
摘要
论文对杜仲皮和杜仲胶颗粒中的蛋白进行了分离纯化、序列分析和体外抗菌活性研究,获得以下研究结果:
用凝胶层析、反相高效色谱层析等分离纯化方法,从杜仲树皮中分离到分子量为4.16的一个新杜仲抗真菌蛋白;用SDS-PAGE方法从杜仲胶颗粒中分离到分子量约为14、16、18、22、24、28、30、32和55 kDa的9个杜仲胶颗粒结合蛋白。
用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)技术,鉴定了4.16、4.2、8.3、16和18 kDa蛋白序列,获得14个肽片段,在抗菌肽数据库(APD)中对这14个肽片段进行结构分析、抗菌活性预测和序列比对,结果显示有11个肽片段具有抗菌肽典型结构。这11个肽片段是:-.LYQQLIAGITLNK.-、-.PCNAGLCCSIYGYCGSGNAYCGAGNCR.-、-.LRLDGAMPPSYPSSWSVLPR.-、-.QIITHPSMDDYVRK.-、-.LPLGAGVNLSGGPVVK.-、-.LPVAVKTGAEVVYSK.-、-.ISTLNSHNLPILR.-、-.ISLTEGIRR.-、-.RHGNDHDVHPK.-、-.TNGPVVNLKAFLKK.-和-.GRSAPVLAATVAGDTR.-。
用纸片法对EAFP3进行体外抗菌活性检测,抑菌活性检测结果表明:EAFP3可抑制酵母、酵母类真菌、霉菌和植物病原真菌的生长,EAFP3对白色念珠球菌、黄曲霉、番茄灰霉病菌的IC_(50)值分别为31.25,31.25和62.5μg/mL。EAFP3对高温有一定耐受性,在100℃加热30 min仍有显著抑制活性;可适应较宽pH范围,在pH从5.8-8.0范围内都有显著抑制活性。
以上研究结果可能为创制新型生物农药和生物药物提供了先导化合物信息,为克隆编码杜仲抗菌蛋白的基因提供了引物和探针设计序列。
In this thesis,proteins of Eucommia bark and Eucommia rubber particle were isolated,and their amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activity were determined.The research results are mentioned below.
A novel Eucommia antifungal peptide,named EAFP3,was isolated from the bark of E. ulmoides by the method of gel filtration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.On the other hand,nine proteins with molecular mass of 14,16,18,22,24,28, 30,32 and 55 kDa,respectively,were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) from Eucommia rubber particle.
Among the eleven proteins,only five proteins with molecular mass 4.16,4.2,8.3,16 and 18 kDa were identified and 14 peptide fragments were obtained through liquid chromatography mass/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The structure,sequence and function of these 14 peptide fragments were confirmed and accumulated in antimicrobial peptide database(APD).The results show that eleven peptides:-.LYQQLIAGITLNK.-,-.PCNAGLCCSIYGYCGSGNAYCGGNCR.-, -.LRLDGAMPPSYPSSWSVLPR.-,-.QIITHPSMDDYVRK.-,-.LPLGAGVNLSGGPVVK.-,-.L PVAVKTGAEVVYSK.-,-.ISTLNSHNLPILR.-,-.ISLTEGIRR.-,-.RHGNDHDVHPK.-,-.TNGP VVNLKAFLKK.-and-.GRSAPVLAATVAGDTR.-have the typical structural feature of antimicrobial peptide.
Besides,the result of antifungal activity indicates that EAFP3 exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and can inhibit the growth of yeast,yeast-like,molds and phytopathogenic fungi. The IC_(50) values of EAFP3 for Candida albicans,Aspergillus flavus and Botrytis cinere are 31.25, 31.25 and 62.5μg/mL.After heating at 100℃for 30 min,EAFP3 can keep its antifungal activity and thermal stability,and display a broad pH-activity,profile in the range from 5.8 to 8.0.
The above results indicate that lead compounds for creating new biological pesticides and drugs as well as primer and probe sequences for cloning gene of antifungal protein could be obtained.
用凝胶层析、反相高效色谱层析等分离纯化方法,从杜仲树皮中分离到分子量为4.16的一个新杜仲抗真菌蛋白;用SDS-PAGE方法从杜仲胶颗粒中分离到分子量约为14、16、18、22、24、28、30、32和55 kDa的9个杜仲胶颗粒结合蛋白。
用液相色谱质谱联用(LC-MS/MS)技术,鉴定了4.16、4.2、8.3、16和18 kDa蛋白序列,获得14个肽片段,在抗菌肽数据库(APD)中对这14个肽片段进行结构分析、抗菌活性预测和序列比对,结果显示有11个肽片段具有抗菌肽典型结构。这11个肽片段是:-.LYQQLIAGITLNK.-、-.PCNAGLCCSIYGYCGSGNAYCGAGNCR.-、-.LRLDGAMPPSYPSSWSVLPR.-、-.QIITHPSMDDYVRK.-、-.LPLGAGVNLSGGPVVK.-、-.LPVAVKTGAEVVYSK.-、-.ISTLNSHNLPILR.-、-.ISLTEGIRR.-、-.RHGNDHDVHPK.-、-.TNGPVVNLKAFLKK.-和-.GRSAPVLAATVAGDTR.-。
用纸片法对EAFP3进行体外抗菌活性检测,抑菌活性检测结果表明:EAFP3可抑制酵母、酵母类真菌、霉菌和植物病原真菌的生长,EAFP3对白色念珠球菌、黄曲霉、番茄灰霉病菌的IC_(50)值分别为31.25,31.25和62.5μg/mL。EAFP3对高温有一定耐受性,在100℃加热30 min仍有显著抑制活性;可适应较宽pH范围,在pH从5.8-8.0范围内都有显著抑制活性。
以上研究结果可能为创制新型生物农药和生物药物提供了先导化合物信息,为克隆编码杜仲抗菌蛋白的基因提供了引物和探针设计序列。
In this thesis,proteins of Eucommia bark and Eucommia rubber particle were isolated,and their amino acid sequences and antimicrobial activity were determined.The research results are mentioned below.
A novel Eucommia antifungal peptide,named EAFP3,was isolated from the bark of E. ulmoides by the method of gel filtration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.On the other hand,nine proteins with molecular mass of 14,16,18,22,24,28, 30,32 and 55 kDa,respectively,were isolated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) from Eucommia rubber particle.
Among the eleven proteins,only five proteins with molecular mass 4.16,4.2,8.3,16 and 18 kDa were identified and 14 peptide fragments were obtained through liquid chromatography mass/mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).The structure,sequence and function of these 14 peptide fragments were confirmed and accumulated in antimicrobial peptide database(APD).The results show that eleven peptides:-.LYQQLIAGITLNK.-,-.PCNAGLCCSIYGYCGSGNAYCGGNCR.-, -.LRLDGAMPPSYPSSWSVLPR.-,-.QIITHPSMDDYVRK.-,-.LPLGAGVNLSGGPVVK.-,-.L PVAVKTGAEVVYSK.-,-.ISTLNSHNLPILR.-,-.ISLTEGIRR.-,-.RHGNDHDVHPK.-,-.TNGP VVNLKAFLKK.-and-.GRSAPVLAATVAGDTR.-have the typical structural feature of antimicrobial peptide.
Besides,the result of antifungal activity indicates that EAFP3 exhibits broad spectrum antifungal activity and can inhibit the growth of yeast,yeast-like,molds and phytopathogenic fungi. The IC_(50) values of EAFP3 for Candida albicans,Aspergillus flavus and Botrytis cinere are 31.25, 31.25 and 62.5μg/mL.After heating at 100℃for 30 min,EAFP3 can keep its antifungal activity and thermal stability,and display a broad pH-activity,profile in the range from 5.8 to 8.0.
The above results indicate that lead compounds for creating new biological pesticides and drugs as well as primer and probe sequences for cloning gene of antifungal protein could be obtained.
引文
[1]王敏杰,韩玉珍,刘卫平,傅永福,赵德刚.杜仲橡胶颗粒结合蛋白的分离、纯化及抗体制备[J].林业科学,2003,39(4):23-29.
[2]卢敏,胡正海,田兰馨.杜仲茎韧皮部超微结构的初步研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1990,7(4):316-321.
[3]田兰馨,卢敏,胡正海.杜仲含胶细胞发生和发育的研究[J].植物学通报,1990,7(1):126.
[4]田兰馨,胡正海.杜仲橡胶丝的形态和分布规律的研究M].西安:西北大学出版,1982,212-215.
[5]田兰馨.杜仲形态学研究[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1992.
[6]申延,何泼,秦俊哲,董文宾.杜仲含胶细胞的整体观察[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(3):41-44.
[7]刘卫平,韩玉珍,赵德刚.杜仲肉桂醇脱氢酶基因克隆及序列分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):27-30.
[8]刘小烛,胡忠,李英,杨俊波,李炳钧.杜仲皮中抗真菌蛋白的分离和特性研究[J].云南植物研究,1994,16(4):385-391.
[9]刘长军,孟玉玲,侯嵩生,陈晓亚.棉花法呢基焦磷酸合酶cDNA克隆、序列分析及其在种子发育过程中的表达特征[J].植物学报,1998,40(8):703-710.
[10]严瑞芳,胡汉杰.杜仲胶的研究与开发[J].中国科学基金,1994,1:51-55.
[11]严瑞芳.杜仲胶研究进展及发展前景[J].化学进展,1995,7(1):65-71.
[12]宋磊,张学俊,董大鹏,王庆辉.杜仲胶性质及提取研究的进展[J].贵州化工,2006,31(4):4-8.
[13]张龙翔,张庭芳,李令媛主编.生化实验方法和技术(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997.
[14]张治礼,郝秉中,吴继林.巴西橡胶树乳管分化的研究[J].热带作物研究,1996,(4):4-10.
[15]张海晖,裘爱咏,刘军海,王绞呈.中药大黄提取物对几种畜禽致病菌的抑菌作用研究[J].饲料工业,2004,25(11):24-26.
[16]张康健,张檀.中国神树-杜仲[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
[17]张康健.中国杜仲次生代谢物研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[18]杜红岩,杜兰英,李芳东,谢碧霞.杜仲果实含胶特性的个体变异规律[J].林业科学研究,2004,47(6):706-710.
[19]杜红岩,杜兰英,李芳东.杜仲果实内杜仲胶形成规律[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(2):185-191.
[20]杜红岩,杜兰英,李福海.不同产地杜仲树皮含胶特性的变异规律[J].林业科学,2004,40(5):186-190.
[21]杨道理,李保昌.蛋白质纯化的方法选择[J].实用医药杂志,2004,21(12):1121-1123.
[22]汪家政,范明主编.蛋白质技术手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[23]汪盛,向烨,李根培,王大成.杜仲抗真菌蛋白晶体生长的原子力显微成像研究—快速生长与晶面生长速率[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2003,30(5):784-791.
[24]汪盛,向烨,蔡绍皙,王大成.用AFM研究杜仲抗真菌蛋白的晶体生长[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(3):100-103.
[25]汪盛,向烨,李根培,王大成.杜仲抗真菌蛋白(EAFP)晶体动态生长研究[J].华中师范大学学报,自然科学版,2007,41(2):249-253.
[26]苏拔贤主编.生物化学制备技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[27]邹清华,张建中.蛋白质组学(proteomics)的相关技术及应用[J].生物技术通讯,2003,14(3):1-7.
[28]陈士明.杜仲橡胶的开发和应用[J].橡胶工业,1993,40(11):690-498.
[29]周明兵,王红珍,赵德刚.杜仲叶和树皮总RNA的快速提取法[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(5):430-431.
[30]周明兵,肖月华,朱冬雪,裴炎,赵德刚.杜仲胶合成相关基因EuFPS的克隆及序列分析[J].分子植物育种,2003,1(1):66-71.
[31]周明兵,侯磊,朱冬雪,裴炎,赵德刚.杜仲树皮cDNA文库的构建与分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(1):58-59.
[32]周政贤.中国杜仲[M].贵阳:贵州出版社,1993.
[33]周莉英,郑旭锐.不同无性系杜仲含胶细胞密度的动态研究[J].陕西中医学院学报,2006,29(3):58-59.
[34]周莉英,黎斌,苏印泉.杜仲含胶细胞形态特征的研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(3):566-569.
[35]罗明武,邓柳红.巴西橡胶树产胶与排胶机制研究进展[J].林为科学,2006,42(9):127-130.
[36]段明星,于冰宾,马红,陈坚刚,周广业编著.生物化学实验技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[37]段翠芳,聂智毅,曾日中.橡胶粒子膜蛋白双向电泳体系的建立和质谱初步分析[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(3):22-29.
[38]胡笃敬.杜仲是我国特产的橡胶植物[J].生物学通报,1957,2:6-9.
[39]赵德刚,韩玉珍,傅永福,国风利,王敏杰,孟繁静.杜仲胶生物合成相关蛋白质的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(1):114.
[40]郝秉中,吴继林,云翠英.排胶对橡胶树乳管分化的促进作用[J].热带作物学报,1984,5(2):19-23.
[41]郭尧君编著.蛋白质电泳实验技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[42]崔跃华,汪矛,孙克莲.杜仲含胶细胞的形态学研究[J].植物学能报,1999,16(4):439-443.
[43]黄俊生,孔德謇,符少萍.巴西橡胶HMG-CoA还原酶基因cDNA的扩增与克隆[J].热带作物学报,1993,14(2):11-15.
[44]黄俊生,孔德謇.橡胶树HMG-CoA还原酶基因结构序列分析[J].热带作物学报,1996,17(2):5-10.
[45]黄仁槐.应用同核二维NMR解析EAFP2的溶液结构[D].博士论文,北京:中国科学院生物物理研究所,2004.
[46]彭世清,吴坤鑫,陈守才.橡胶延长因子的cDNA的克隆和序列分析[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2000,2:1
[47]薛伟,宋宝安,周霞,刁春玲,杨松,何伟,胡德禹,金林红.抗菌植物的研究新进展[J].农药,2005,44(6):241-246.
[48]Adiwilaga,K.;Kush A.Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase from rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)[J].Plant Molecular Biology,1996,30:935-946.
[49]Agerberth,B.;Lee,J.Y.;Bergman,T.;Carlquist,M.;Boman,H.G.;Mutt,V.;Jornvall,H.Amino acid sequence of PR-39.Isolation from pig intestine of a new member of the family of proline-arginine-rich antibacterial peptides[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1991,202(3):849-854.
[50]Agerberth,B.;Raqib,R.Improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(24):9178-9183.
[51]Al-Tatari,H.;Abdel-Haq,N.;Chearskul,P.;Asmar,B.Antibiotics for treatment of resistant gram-positive coccal infections[J].Indian Journal of Pediatrics,2006,73(4):323-334.
[52]Andersen,N.H.;Cao,B.;Rodriguez-Romero,A.;Arreguin,B.Hevein:NMR assignment and assessment of solution-state folding for the agglutinin-toxin motif[J].Biochemistry,1993,32(6):1407-1422.
[53]Anderson,R.C.;Yu,P.L.Isolation and characterisation of proline/arginine-rich cathelicidin peptides from ovine neutrophils[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2003,312(4):1139-1146.
[54]Attanyka,D.P.T.G.;Kekwick,R.G.O.;Franklin,F.C.H.Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the rubber elongation factor gene from Hevea brasiliensis[J].Plant Molecular Biology,1991,16:1079-1081.
[55]Bamba,T.;Fukusaki,E.;Kajiyama,S.;Ute,K.;Kitayama,T.;Kobayashi,A.The occurrence of geometric polyprenol isomers in the rubber-producing plant,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Lipids,2001,36(7):727-732.
[56]Bamba,T.;Fukusaki,E.;Nakazawa,Y.;Kobayashi,A.In-situ chemical analyses of transpolyisoprene by histochemical staining and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in a rubber-producing plant,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Planta,2002,215(6):934-939.
[57]Benedict,C.R.;Madhavan,S.;Greenblatt,G.A.The enzymatic synthesis of rubber polymer in Parthenuim argentatum Gray[J].Plant Physiology,1991,92:816-821.
[58]Bessin,Y.;Saint,N.;Marri,L.;Marchini,D.;Molle,G.Antibacterial activity and pore-forming properties of ceratotoxins:a mechanism of action based on the barrel stave model[J].Biochim Biochimicaet Biophysica acta,2004,1667(2):148-156.
[59]Bikker,F.J.;Kaman-van Zanten,W.E.;de Vries-van Ruit,A.M.;Voskamp-Visser,I.;van Hooft,P.A.;Mars-Groenendijk,R.H.;de Visser,P.C.;Noort,D.Evaluation of the antibacterial spectrum of drosocin analogues[J].Chemical Biology and Drug Design,2006,68(3):148-153.
[60]Blot,S.;Janssens,R.;Claeys,G.;Hoste,E.;Buyle,F.;De Waele,J.J.;Peleman,R.;Vogelaers,D.;Vandewoude,K.Effect of fluconazole consumption on long-term trends in candidal ecology[J].The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2006,58(2):474-477.
[61]Boland,M.P.;Separovic,F.Membrane interactions of antimicrobial peptides from Australian tree frogs[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2006,1758(9):1178-1183.
[62]Boman,H.G.Antibacterial peptides:basic facts and emerging concepts[J].Journal of Internal Medicine,2003,254(3):197-215.
[63]Boman,H.G.Peptide antibiotics and their role in innate immunity[J].Annual review of immunology,1995,13:61-92.
[64]Bormann,C.;Baier,D.;Horr,I.;Raps,C.;Berger,J.;Jung,G.;Schwarz,H.Characterization of a novel,antifungal,chitin-binding protein from Streptomyces tendae Tu901 that interferes with growth polarity[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1999,181(24):7421-7429.
[65]Bradford,M.M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72:248-254.
[66]Brodersen,P.;Malinovsky,F.G.;Hematy,K.;Newman,M.A.;Mundy,J.The role of salicylic acid in the induction of cell death in Arabidopsis acd11[J].Plant Physiology,2005,138(2):1037-1045.
[67]Broekaert,I.;Lee,H.I.;Kush,A.;Chua,N.H.;Raikhel,N.Wound-induced accumulation of mRNA containing a hevein sequence in laticifers of rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1990,87(19):7633-7637.
[68]Broekaert,W.F.;Marien,W.;Terras,F.R.;De Bolle,M.F.;Proost,P,.;Van Damme,J.;Dillen,L.;Claeys,M.;Rees,S.B.;Vanderleyden,J.;Cammue,B.P.A.Antimicrobial peptides from Amaranthus caudatus seeds with sequence homology to the cysteine/glycine-rich domain of chitin-binding proteins[J].Biochemistry,1992,31(17):4308-4314.
[69]Broekaert,W.F.;Van Parijs,J.;Leyns,F.;Joos,H.;Peumans,W.J.A Chitin-Binding Lectin from Stinging Nettle Rhizomes with Antifungal Properties[J].Science,1989,245(4922):1100-1102.
[70]Brogden,K.A.;Ackermann,M.;McCray,P.B.J.;Tack,B.F.Antimicrobial peptides in animals and their role in host defences[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2003,22(5):465-478.
[71]Cammue,B.P.;De Bolle,M.F.;Terras,F.R.;Proost,P.;Van Damme,J.;Rees,S.B.;Vanderleyden,J.;Broekaert,W.F.Isolation and characterization of a novel class of plant antimicrobial peptides form Mirabilis jalapa L.seeds[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267(4):2228- 2233.
[72]Casteels,P.;Ampe,C.;Riviere,L.;Van Damme,J.;Elicone,C.;Fleming,M.;Jacobs,F.;Tempst,P.Isolation and characterization of abaecin,a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee(Apis mellifera)[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1990,187(2):381-386.
[73]Chan,D.I.;Prenner,E.J.;Vogel,H.J.Tryptophan- and arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides:structures and mechanisms of action.Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2006,1758(9):184-1202.
[74]Chattopadhyay,M.K.;Kern,R.;Mistou,M.Y.;Dandekar,A.M.;Uratsu,S.L.;Richarme,G.The chemical chaperone proline relieves the thermosensitivity of a dnaK deletion mutant at 42 degrees C[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2004,186(23):8149-8152.
[75]Chaurand,P.;Luetzenkirchen,F.;Spengler,B.Peptide and protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI) and MALDI-post-source decay time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,1999,10(2):91-103.
[76]Chen,A.;Kroon,P.A.;Poulter,C.D.Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases:protein sequence comparisons,a phlogenetic tree,and predictions of secondary structure[J].Protein Science, 1994,3:600-607.
[77]Chen,H.X.;Hu,T.S.;Wang,X.;Qu,X.M.Cloning and fusion expression of antibacterial protein Diptericin gene in Escherichia coli.Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2001,17(2):182-184.
[78]Chen,J.;Xu,X.M.;Underhill,C.B.;Yang,S.;Wang,L.;Chen,Y.;Hong,S.;Creswell,K.;Zhang,L.Tachyplesin activates the classic complement pathway to kill tumor cells[J].Cancer Research,2005,65(11):4614-4622.
[79]Chow,K.S.;Wan,K.L.;Isa,M.N.;Bahari,A.;Tan,S.H.;Harikrishna,K.;Yeang,H.Y.Insights into rubber biosyrithesis from transcriptome analysis of Hevea brasiliensis latex[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(10):2429-2440.
[80]Clarke,D.J.;Campopiano,D.J.Structural and functional studies of defensin-inspired peptides[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,2006,34:251-256.
[81]Coca,M.;Penas,G.;Gomez,J.;Campo,S.;Bortolotti,C.;Messeguer,J.;Segundo,B.S.Enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea conferred by expression of a cecropin A gene in transgenic rice[J].Planta,2006,223(3):392-406.
[82]Cociancich,S.;Dupont,A.;Hegy,G.;Lanot,R.;Holder,F.;Hetru,C.;Hoffmann,J.A.;Bulet,P.Novel inducible antibacterial peptides from a hemipteran insect,the sap-sucking bug Pyrrhocoris apterus[J].The Biochemical Journal,1994,300:567-575.
[83]Conlon,J.M.;Sonnevend,A.;Jouenne,T.;Coquet,L.;Cosquer,D.;Vaudry,H.;Iwamuro,S.A family of acyclic brevinin-1 peptides from the skin of the Ryukyu brown frog Rana okinavana[J].Peptides,2005,26(2):185-190.
[84]Cornish,K.;Pan,Z.;Backhaus,R.A.Engineering new domestic sources of natural rubber.In:Janick J,Simon J E(eds)[J].NewCrops.New York:Wiley,1993,192-196.
[85]Cornish,K.The separate roles of plant cis and trans prenyl transferases incis-1,4-polyisoprene biosynthesis[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1993,218(1):267-271.
[86]Cornish,K.;Siler,D.J.Effect of different allylic diphosphate on the initiation of new rubber molecules and on cis-1,4-polyisoprene biosynthesis in guayule(Parthenium argentatum)[J].Plant Physiology,1995,147:301-305.
[87]Costa,S.;Utah,A.;Speroni,E.;Cervellati,R.;Piva,G.;Prandini,A.;Guerra,M.C.Carnosic acid from rosemary extracts:a potential chemoprotective agent against aflatoxin B1.An in vitro study[j].Journal of Applied Toxicology,2007,27(2):152-159.
[88]De Fay,E.;Sanier,C.;Hebant,C.The distribution of plasmodesmata in the pholem of Hevea brasilienais in relation to laticifer loading[j].Protoplasma,1989,149(2/3):155-162.
[89]Deng,H.Nitrite anions induce nitrosative deamination of peptides and proteins[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2006,20(24):3634-36388.
[90]Dennis,M.S.;Henzel,W.J.;Bell,J.;Kohr,W.;Light,D.R.Amino acid sequence of rubber elongation factor protein associated with rubber particles in Hevea latex[J].The Journal of biological chemistry,1989,264(31):18618-16626.
[91]Deyama,T.;Nishibe,S.;Nakazawa,Y.Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng[j].Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2001,22(12):1057-1070.
[92]Dickenson,P.B.Electron microscopical studies of the latex vessel system of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya,1969,21:543-559.
[93]Egorov,T.A.;Odintsova,T.I.;Pukhalsky,V.A.;Grishin,E.V.Diversity of wheat anti-microbial peptides[J].Peptides,2005,26(11):2064-2073.
[94]Ehrenstein,G.;Lecar,H.Electrically gated ionic channels in lipid bilayers[j].Quarterly reviews of Biophysics,1977,10(1):1-34.
[95]Fidel,P.L.J.Candida-host interactions in HIV disease:relationships in oropharyngeal candidiasis[J].Advances in Dental Research,2006,9(1) 80-84.
[96]Filler,S.G.;Sheppard,D.C.Fungal invasion of normally non-phagocytic host cells[J].PLoS pathogens,2006,2(12):e129.
[97]Fogaca,A.C.;Almeida,I.C.;Eberlin,M.N.;Tanaka,A.S.;Bulet,P.;Daffre,S.Ixodidin,a novel antimicrobial pepfide from the hemocytes of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases[J].Peptides,2006,27(4):667-674.
[98]Fogaca,A.C.;Lorenzini,D.M.;Kaku,L.M.;Esteves,E.;Bulet,P.;Daffre,S.Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus:isolation,structural characterization and tissue expression profile[J].Developmental and Comparative Immunology,2004,28(3):191-200.
[99]Frohlich,T.;Arnold,G.J.Proteome research based on modern liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry:separation,identification and quantification[J].Journal of Neural Transmission,2006,113(8):973-974.
[100]Fujitani,N.;Kawabata,S.;Osaki,T.;Kumaki,Y.;Demura,M.;Nitta,K.;Kawano,K.Structure of the antimicrobial peptide tachystatin A[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2002,277(26):23651-23657.
[101]Funk,J.A.;Lejeune,J.T.;Wittum,T.E.;Rajala-Schultz,P.J.The effect of subtherapeutic chlortetracycline on antimicrobial resistance in the fecal flora of swine[J].Microbial Drug Resistance,2006,12(3):210-218.
[102]Gaczynska,M.;Osmulski,P.A.;Gao,Y.;Post,M.J.;Simons,M.Proline- and arginine-rich peptides constitute a novel class of allosteric inhlbitors of proteasome activity[J].Biochemistry,2003,42(29):8663-8670.
[103]Gazit,E.;Boman,A.;Boman,H.;Shai,Y.Interaction of the mammalian antibacterial peptide cecropin P1 with phospholipid vesicles[J].Biochemistry,1995,34(36):11479-11488.
[104]Giacometti,A.;Cirioni,O.;Del Prete,M.S.;Barchiesi,F.;Fineo,A.;Scalise,G.Activity of buforin Ⅱ alone and in combination with azithromycin and minocycline against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture[J].The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2001,47(1):97-99.
[105]Giacometti,A.;Cirioni,O.;Ghiselli,R.;Mocchegiani,F.;D'Amato,G.;Circo,R.;Orlando,F.;Skerlavaj,B.;Silvestri,C.;Saba,V.;Zanetti,M.;Scalise,G.Cathelicidin peptide sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 prevents endotoxin-induced mortality in rat models of septic shock[J].American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Mdicine,2004,169(2):187-194.
[106]Gidrol,X.;Chrestin,H.;Tan,H.L.;Kush,A.Hevein,a lectin-like protein from Hevea brasiliensis(rubber tree) is involved in the coagulation of latex[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(12):9278-9283.
[107]Gomez,G.;Pallas,V.A long-distance translocatable phloem protein from cucumber forms a ribonucleoprotein complex in vivo with Hop stunt viroid RNA[J].Journal of Virology,2004,78(18):10104-10110.
[108]Gomez,G.;Torres,H.;Pallas,V.Identification of translocatable RNA-binding phloem proteins from melon,potential components of the long-distance RNA transport system[J].Plant Journal,2005,41(1):107-116.
[109]Guerbette,F.;Grosbois,M.;Jolliot-Croquin,A.;Kader,J.C.;Zachowski,A.Lipid-transfer proteins from plants:structure and binding properties.[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1999,192(1-2):157-161.
[110]Guerra,M.C.;Galvano,F.;Bonsi,L.;Speroni,E.;Costa,S.;Renzulli,C.;Cervellati,R.Cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside,a natural free-radical scavenger against aflatoxin B1-and ochratoxin A-induced cell damage in a human hepatoma cell line(Hep G2) and a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line(CaCo-2)[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2005,94(2):211-220.
[111]Guerra,N.P.;Macias,C.L.;Agrasar,A.T.;Castro,L.P.Development of a bioactive packaging cellophane using Nisaplin as biopreservative agent[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2005,40(2):106-110.
[112]Guerra N.P.;Araujo,A.B.;Barrera,A.M.;Agrasar,A.T.;Macias,C.L.;Carballo,J.;Pastrana,L.Antimicrobial activity of nisin adsorbed to surfaces commonly used in the food industry[J].Journal of Food Protection,2005,68(5):1012-1019.
[113]Guillon,S.;Tremouillaux-Guiller,J.;Pati,P.K.;Rideau,M.;Gantet,P.Hairy root research:recent scenario and exciting prospects[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2006,9(3):341-346.
[114]Gusman,H.;Travis,J.;Helmerhorst,E.J.;Potempa,J.;Troxler,R.F.;Oppertheim,F.G.Salivary histatin 5 is an inhibitor of both host and bacterial enzymes implicated in periodontal disease[J].Infection and Immunity,2001,69(3):1402-1408.
[115]Hakovirta,J.;Reunanen,J.;Saris,P.E.Bioassay for nisin in milk,processed cheese,salad dressings,canned tomatoes,and liquid egg products[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(2):1001-1005.
[116]Han,K.H.;Shin,D.H.;Yang,J.;Kim,I.J.;Oh,S.K.;Chow,K.S.Genes expressed in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Tree Physiology,2000,20:503-510.
[117]Hancock,R.E.;Sahl,H.G.Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies[j].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(12):1551-1557.
[118]Hanhineva,K.J.;Karenlampi,S.O.Production of transgenic strawberries by temporary immersion bioreactor system and verification by TAIL-PCR.BMC Biotechnol,2007,7:11.
[119]Hao,B.Z.;Wu,J.L.Biology of laticifers in Hevea and latex production[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2004,25(4):1-7.
[120]Hao,B.Z.;Wu,J.L.Laticifer differentiation in Heyea brasiliensis:induced by exogenousjasmoniC acid and 1 inoleniC acid[J].Annal of Botany,2000,85(1):37-43.
[121]Harata,K.;Muraki,M.Crystal structures of Urtica dioica agglutinin and its complex with tri-N-acetylchitotriose[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2000,297(3):673-681.
[122]Hasma,H.Lipids associated with rubber particles and their possible role in mechanical stability of latex concentrates[J].Journal of Natural Rubber Research,1991,6:105-114.
[123]Hayes,M.;Ross,R.P.;Fitzgerald,G.F.;Hill,C.;Stanton,C.Casein-derived antimicrobial peptides generated by Lactobacillus acidophilus DPC6026[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(3):2260-2264.
[124]Henzler-Wildman,K.A.;Lee,D.K.;Ramamoorthy,A.Mechanism of lipid bilayer disruption by the human antimicrobial peptide,LL-37[J].Biochemistry,2003,42(21):6545-6558.
[125]Hirakura,Y.;Kobayashi,S.;Matsuzaki,K.Specific interactions of the antimicrobial peptide cyclic beta-sbeet tachyplesin I with lipopolysaccharides[j].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2002,1562(1-2):32-36.
[126]Hsu,C.H.;Chen,C.;Jou,M.L.;Lee,A.Y.;Lin,Y.C.;Yu,Y.P.;Huang,W.T.;Wu,S.H.Structural and DNA-binding studies on the bovine antimicrobial peptide,indolicidin:evidence for multiple conformations involved in binding to membranes and DNA[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2005,33(13):4053-4064.
[127]Huang,R.H.;Wang,D.C.Mass spectrometric strategy for primary structure determination of N-terminally blocked peptides[J].Journal of Chromatography.B,Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences,2004,3(1):167-172.
[128]Huang,R.H.;Xiang,Y.;Liu,X.Z.;Zhang,Y.;Hu,Z.;Wang,D.C.Two novel antifungal peptides distinct with a five-disulfide motif from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv[J].FEBS letters,2002,521:87-90.
[129]Huang,R.H.;Xiang,Y.;Tu,G.Z.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,D.C.Solution structure of Eucommia antifungal peptide:a novel structural model distinct with a five-disulfide motif.Biochemistry,2004,3(20):6005-6012.
[130]Huang,R.H.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,D.C.Primary structural determination of N-terminally blocked peptides from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv by mass spectrometric analysis[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2003,9:903-908.
[131]Huffaker,A.;Pearce,G.;Ryan,C.A.An endogenous peptide signal in Arabidopsis activates components of the innate immune response[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(26):10098-10103.
[132]Hultmark,D.;Steiner,H.;Rasmuson,T.;Boman,H.G.Insect immunity.Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1980,106(1):7-16.
[133]Ikeda,Y.;Young,L.H.;Scalia,R.;Ross,C.R.;Lefer,A.M.PR-39,a proline/arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide,exerts cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion[J].Cardiovascular Research,2001,49(1):69-77.
[134]Imler,J.L.;Bulet,P.Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila:structures,activities and gene regulation[J].Chemical Immunology and Allergy,2005,86:1-21.
[135]Janssen,B.J.;Schirra,H.J.;Lay,F.T.;Anderson,M.A.;Craik,D.J.Structure of Petunia hybrida defensin 1,a novel plant defensin with five disulfide bonds[J].Biochemistry,2003,42(27):8214-8222.
[136]Jiang,J.;Kai,G.;Cao,X.;Chen,F.;He,D.;Liu,Q.Molecular cloning of a HMG-CoA reductase gene from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Bioscience Reports,2006,26(2):171-181.
[137]Jin,F.;Xu,X.;Wang,L.;Zhang,W.;Gu,D.Expression of recombinant hybrid peptide cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12) in Pichia pastoris:purification and characterization[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2006,50(2):147-56.
[138]Jin,F.;Xu,X.;Zhang,W.;Gu,D.Expression and characterization of a housefly cecropin gene in the methylotrophic yeast,Pichia pastoris[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2006,49(1):39-46.
[139]Jin,X.B.;Zhu,J.Y.Separating-cloning and analysis for new genes of induced Musca domestica larve[J].Biotechology,2005,15(2):5-7.
[140]Jindal,A.;,Kocherginskaya,S.;Mehboob,A.;Robert,M.;Mackie,R.I.;Raskin,L.;Zilles,J.L.Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(12):7813-7820.
[141]Kamel,A.;Prakash,C.High performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization/tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC/API/MS/MS) in drug metabolism and toxicology[J].Current Drug Metabolism,2006,7(8):837-852.
[142]Khardori,N.Antibiotics—past,present,and future[J].The Medical clinics of North America,2006,90(6):1049-1076.
[143]Kim,H.K.;Chun,D.S.;Kim,J.S.;Yun,C.H.;Lee,J.H.;Hong,S.K.;Kang,D.K.Expression of the cationic antirnicrobial peptide lactoferricin fused with the anionic peptide in Escherichia coli[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2006,72(2):330-338.
[144]Kitanaga,Y.;Jian,C.;Hasegawa,M.;Yazaki,J.;Kishimoto,N.;Kikuchi,S.;Nakamura,H.;Ichikawa,H.;Asami,T.;Yoshida,S.;Yamaguchi,I.;Suzuki,Y.Sequential regulation of gibberellin,brassinosteroid,and jasmonic acid biosynthesis occurs in rice coleoptiles to control the transcript levels of anti-microbial thionin genes[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2006,70(10):2410-2419.
[145]Ko,J.H.;Chow,K.S.;Han,K.H.Transcriptome analysis reveals novel features of the molecular events occurring in the laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis(para rubber tree)[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2003,53(4):479-492.
[146]Ko,K.;Koprowski,H.Plant biopharming of monoclonal antibodies[J].Virus Research,2005,111(1):93-100.
[147]Kobayashi,S.;Chikushi,A.;Tougu,S.;Imura,Y.;Nishida,M.;Yano,Y.;Matsuzaki,K.Membrane translocation mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide buforin[J].Biochemistry,2004,43(49):15610-15616.
[148]Kokoza,V.;Ahmed,A.;Cho,W.L.;Jasinskiene,N.;James,A.A.;Raikhel,A.Engineering blood meal-activated systemic immunity in the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypti[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(16):9144-9149.
[149]Koo,J.C.;Lee,S.Y.;Chun,H.J.;Cheong,Y.H.;Choi,J.S.;Kawabata,S.;Miyagi,M.;Tsunasawa,S.;Ha,K.S.;Bae,D.W.;Han,C.D.;Lee,B.L.;Cho,M.J.Two herein homologs isolated from the seed of Pharbitis nil L.exhibit potent antifungal activity[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,1998,1382(1):80-90.
[150]Koyama,T.;Tanaka,Y.Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in rubber latex[J].Phytochemical,1996,43(4):769-772.
[151]Kragol,G.;Hoffmann,R.;Chattergoon,M.A.;Lovas,S.;Cudic,M.;Bulet,P.;Condie,B.A.;Rosengren,K.J.;Montaner,L.J.;Otvos,L,J.Identification of crucial residues for the antibacterial activity of the proline-rich peptide,pyrrhocoricin[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,2002,269(17):4226-4237.
[152]Kush,A.;Goyvaerts,E.;Chye,M.L.;Chua,N.H.Laticifer specific gene express in Hevea brasiliensis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1990,87:1787-1790.
[153]Kwakman,P.H.;te Velde,A.A.;Vandenbroucke-Grauls,C.M.;van Deventer,S.J.;Zaat,S. A.Treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis experimental biomaterial-associated infection by bactericidal peptide[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2006,50(12):3977-3983.
[154]Lad,M.D.;Birembaut,F.;Clifton,L.A.;Frazier,R.A.;Webster,J.R.;Green,R.J.Antimicrobial peptide-lipid binding interactions and binding selectivity[J].Biophysical Journal,2007,92(10):3575-3586.
[155]Laemmli,U.K.;Favre,M.Gel electrophoresis of proteins[J].Journal of molecular biology,1973,80:575-599.
[156]Lai,R.;Liu,H.;Lee,W.H.;Zhang,Y.An anionic antimicrobial peptide from toad Bombina maxima[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2002a,295:796-799.
[157]Lai,Y.P.;Peng,Y.F.;Yu,Z.Y.;Huang,J.;Wu,Z.R.Cloning and expression of DCD-1L in Pichia pastoris[J].Progress In Biotechnology,2004,24(2):61-65.v[158]Lange,C.F.;Hancock,R.E.;Samuel,J.;Finlay,W.H.In vitro aerosol delivery and regional airway surface liquid concentration of a liposomal cationic peptide[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2001,90(10):1647-1657.
[159]Lee,D.G.;Kim,P.I.;Park,Y.;Park,S.C.;Woo,E.R.;Hahm,K.S.Antifungal mechanism of SMAP-29(1-18) isolated from sheep myeloid mRNA against Trichosporon beigelii[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2002,295(3):591-596.
[160]Lee,H.I.;Raikhel,N.V.Prohevein is poorly processed but shows enhanced resistance to a chitin-binding fungus in transgenic tomato plants[J].Brazilian journal of medical and biological research,1995,28(7):743-750.
[161]Lee,J.Y.;Boman,A.;Sun,C.X.;Andersson,M.;Jornvall,H.;Mutt,V.;Boman,H.G.Antibacterial peptides from pig intestine:isolation of a mammalian cecropin[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1989,86(23):9159-9162.
[162]Lee,P.H.;Ohtake,T.;Zaiou,M.;Murakami,M.;Rudisill,J.A.;Lin,K.H.;Gallo,R.L.Expression of an additional cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide protects against bacterial skin infection[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(10):3750-3755.
[163]Li,W.F.;Ma,G.X.;Zhou,X.X.Apidaecin-type peptides:biodiversity,structure-function relationships and mode of action[J].Peptides,2006,27(9):2350-2359.
[164]Light,D.R.;Dennis,M.S.Rubber elongation factor from Hevea brasiliensis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1989,264(31):18608-18617.
[165]Liu,C.;Liu,Y.;Chen,S.Effects of nutrient supplements on simultaneous fermentation of nisin and lactic acid from cull potatoes[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2005,121-124:475-483.v[166]Liu,Y.J.;Cheng,C.S.;Lai,S.M.;Hsu,M.P.;Chen,C.S.;Lyu,P.C.Solution structure of the plant defensin VrD1 from mung bean and its possible role in insecticidal activity against bruchids[J].Proteins,2006,63(4):777-786.
[167]Looft,C.;Paul,S.;Philipp,U.;Regenhard,P.;Kuiper,H.;Distl,O.;Chowdhary,B.P.;Leeb,T.Sequence analysis of a 212 kb defensin gene duster on ECA 27q17[J].Gene,2006,376(2):192-198.
[168]Ludtke,S.J.;He,K.;Heller,W.T.;Harroun,T.A.;Yang,L.;Huang,H.W.Membrane pores induced by magainin[J].Biochemistry,1996,35(43):13723-13728.
[169]Manfredi,R.;Sabbatani,S.Severe Candida albicans panophthalmitis treated with all vailable and potentially effective antifungal drugs:fluconazole,liposomal amphotericin B,caspofungin,and voriconazole[J].Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases,2006,38(10):950-951.
[170]Marenah,L.;Flatt,P.R.;Orr,D.F.;Shaw,C.;Abdel-Wahab,Y.H.Skin secretions of Rana saharica frogs reveal antimicrobial peptides esculentins-1 and -1B and brevinins-1E and -2EC with novel insulin releasing activity[J].The Journal of Endocrinology,2006,188(1):1-9.
[171]Markossian,K.A.;Zamyatnin,A.A.;Kurganov,B.I.Antibacterial proline-rich oligopeptides and their target proteins[J].Biochemistry(Mosc),2004,69(10):1082-1091.
[172]Marrero,P.F.;Poulter,C.D.;Edwards,P.A.Effects of site-directed mutagenesis of the highly conserved aspartate residues in domain Ⅱof farnesyi diphosphate synthase activity[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267:21873-21878.
[173]Martins,J.C.;Maes,D.;Loris,R.;Pepermans,H.A.;Wyns,L.;Willem,R.;Verheyden,P.H NMR study of the solution structure of Ac-AMP2,a sugar binding antimicrobial protein isolated from Amaranthus caudatus[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1996,258(2):322-333.
[174]Matsuzaki,K.;Murase.O.;Fujii,N.;Miyajima,K.Translocation of a channel-forming antimicrobial peptide,magainin 2,across lipid bilayers by forming a pore[J].Biochemistry,1995,34(19):6521-6526.
[175]Matsuzaki,K.Why and how are peptide-lipid interactions utilized for self-defense?Magainins and tachyplesins as archetypes[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,1999,1462(1-2):1-10.
[176]Medina-Bolivar,F.;Wright,R.;Funk,V.;Sentz,D.;Barroso,L.;Wilkins,T.D.;Petri,W.J.;Cramer,C.L.A non-toxic lectin for antigen delivery of plant-based mucosal vaccines[J].Vaccine,2003,21(9-10):997-1005.
[177]Medzihradszky,K.F.Peptide sequence analysis[J].Methods Enzymol,2005,402:209-244.
[178]Melino,S.;Gallo,M.;Trotta,E.;Mondello,F.;Paci,M.;Petruzzelli,R.Metal-binding and nuclease activity of an antimicrobial peptide analogue of the salivary histatin[J].Biochemistry,2006,45(51):15373-15383.
[179]Menzies,B.E.;Kenoyer,A.Signal transduction and nuclear responses in Staphylococcus aureus-induced expression of human beta-defensin 3 in skin keratinocytes[J].Infection and Immunity,2006,74(12):6847-6854.
[180]Mittapalli,O.;Shukle,R.H.;Sardesai,N.;Giovanini,M.P.;Williams,C.E.Expression patterns of antibacterial genes in the Hessian fly[J].Journal Insect Physiology,2006,52(11-12):1143-1152.
[181]Niu,C.;Tian,X.Q.;Yuan,J.Antimicrobial mechanism of nisin and its application[J].Letters in Biotechnology,2006,17(5):810-813.
[182]Niyonsaba,F.;Nagaoka,I.;Ogawa,H.Human defensins and cathelicidins in the skin:beyond direct antimicrobial properties[J].Critical Reviews in Immunology,2006,26(6):545-576.
[183]Oard,S.V.;Enright,F.M.Expression of the antimicrobial peptides in plants to control phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi[J].Plant Cell Report,2006,25(6):561-572.
[184]Oh,H.;Hedberg,M.;Wade,D.;Edlund,C.Activities of synthetic hybrid peptides against anaerobic bacteria:aspects of methodology and stability[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2000,44(1):68-72.
[185]Oh,S.K.;Kang,H.;Shin,D.H.;Yang,J.;Chow,K.S.;Yeang,H.Y.;Wagner,B.;Breiteneder,H.;Han,K.H.Isolation,characterization and functional analysis of a novel cDNA clone encoding a small rubber particle protein from Hevea brasiliensis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1999,274(24):17132-17138.
[186]Ohya,N.;Tanaka,Y.;Ogura,K.Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase activity in Lactarius mushrooms[J].Phytochemical Analysis,1997,46(6):1115-1118.
[187]Oliveira,G.R.;Ribeiro,J.M.;Fraga,M.E.;Cavaglieri,L.R.;Direito,G.M.;Keller,K.M.;Dalcero,A.M.;Rosa,C.A.Mycobiota in poultry feeds and natural occurrence of aflatoxins.fumonisins and zearalenone in the Rio de Janeiro State,Brazil[J].Mycopathologia,2006,162(5):355-362.
[188]Osusky,M.;Osuska,L.;Hancock,R.E.;Kay,W.W.;Misra,S.Transgenic potatoes expressing a novel cationic peptide are resistant to late blight and pink rot[J].Transgenic Research,2004,13(2):181-190.
[189]Palacin,A.;Cumplido,J.;Figueroa,J.;Ahrazem,O.;Sanchez-Monge,R.;Carrillo,T.;Salcedo,G.;Blanco,C.Cabbage lipid transfer protein Bra o 3 is a major allergen responsible for cross-reactivity between plant foods and pollens[J].The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,2006,117(6):1423-1429.
[190]Pan,Z.;Durst,F.;Werck-Reichhart,D.;Gardner,H.W.;Camara,B.;Cornish,K.;Backhaus,R.A.The major protein of guayule rubber particles is a cytochrome P450.Characterization based on cDNA cloning and spectroscopic analysis of the solubilized enzyme and its reaction products[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1995,270(15):8487-8497.
[191]Park,C.B.;Yi,K.S.;Matsurzki,K.;Kim,M.S.;Kim,S.C.Structure-activity analysis of bufofin Ⅱ,a histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide:the proline hinge is responsible for the cell-penetrating ability of buforin Ⅱ[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(15):8245-8250.
[192]Park,Y.;Hahm,K.S.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs):peptide structure and mode of action[J].Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2005,38(5):507-516.
[193]Parks,W.M.;Bottrill,A.R.;Pierrat,O.A.;Durrant,M.C.;Maxwell,A.The action of the bacterial toxin,microcin B17,on DNA gyrase[J].Biochimie,2007,89(4):500-507.
[194]Pierrat,O.A.;Maxwell,A.The action of the bacterial toxin microcin B17.Insight into the cleavage-religation reaction of DNA gyrase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(37):35016-35023.
[195]Pietiainen,M.;Gardemeister,M.;Mecklin,M.;Leskela,S.;Sarvas,M.;Kontinen,V.P.Cationic antimicrobial peptides elicit a complex stress response in Bacillus subtilis that involves ECF-type sigma factors and two-component signal transduction systems[J].Microbiology,2005,151(Pt 5):1577-1592.
[196]Pouny,Y.;Rapaport,D.;Mor,A.;Nicolas,P.;Shai,Y.Interaction of antimicrobial dermaseptin and its fluorescently labeled analogues with phospholipid membranes[J].Biochemistry,1992,31(49):12416-12423.
[197]Prado-Montes de Oca,E.Human defensins:prophilaxis and therapy against HIV[J].Gaceta medica de Mexico,2006,142(5):431-433.
[198]Putalun,W.;Taura,F.;Qing,W.;Matsushita,H.;Tanaka,H.;Shoyama,Y.Anti-solasodine glycoside single-chain Fv antibody stimulates biosynthesis of solasodine glycoside in plants[J].Plant Cell Report,2003,22(5):344-349.
[199]Rajasekaran,K.;Cary,J.W.;Jaynes,J.M.;Cleveland,T.E.Disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal,2005,3(6):545-554.
[200]Reimann-Philipp,U.;Schrader,G.;Martinoia,E.;Barkholt,V.;Apel,K.Intracellular thionins of barley.A second group of leaf thionins closely related to but distinct from cell wall-bound thionins[J].The Journal of biological chemistry,1989,264(15):8978-8984
[201]Rinaldi,A.C.Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin:An expanding scenario[J].Current Opinion in Chemical Biology,2002,6:799-804.
[202]Rodriguez,A.;Tablero,M.;Arreguin,B.;Hernandez,A.;Arreguin,R.;Soriano-Garcia,M.;Tulinsky,A.;Park,C.H.;Seshadri,T.P.Preliminary x-ray investigation of an orthorhombic crystal of hevein[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1988,263(9):4047-4048.
[203]Rozek,A.;Friedrich,C.L.;Hancock,R.E.Structure of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin bound to dodecylphosphocholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles[J].Biochemistry,2000,39(51):15765-15774.
[204]Rudra,J.S.;Dave,K.;Haynie,D.T.Antimicrobial polypeptide multilayer nanocoatings[J].Journal of Biomaterials Science.Polymer Edition,2006,17(11):1301-1315.
[205]Ruttanapumma,R.;Anzai,M.;Takegawa,M.;Okamura,M.;Maehara,N.;Sato,K.;Yoshioka,K.;Itoh,A.;Nakamura,M.;Takehara,K.High level expression of biologically active canine interferon-alpha subtype 4 using a baculovirus[J].The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2006,68(12):1347-1349.
[206]Sader,H.S.;Fedler,K.A.;Rennie,R.P.;Stevens,S.;Jones,R.N.Omiganan pentahydrochloride(MBI 226),a topical 12-amino-acid cationic peptide:spectrum of antimicrobial activity and measurements of bactericidal activity[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2004,48(8):3112-3118.
[207]Sang,Y.;Ortega,M.T.;Blecha,F.;Prakash,O.;Melgarejo,T.Molecular cloning and characterization of three beta-defensins from canine testes[J].Infection and Immunity,2005,73(5):2611-2620.
[208]Sarker,P.;Bergman,P.;Ara,G.;Lindh,M.;Sack,D.A.;Nasirul Islam,K.M.;Gudmundsson,G.H.;Andersson,J.;Saugar,J.M.;Rodriguez-Hernandez,M.J.;de la Torre,B.G.;Pachon-Ibanez,M.E.;Fernandez-Reyes,M.;Andreu,D.;Pachon,J.;Rivas,L.Activity of cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides against colistin-resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii:molecular basis for the differential mechanisms of action[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2006,50(4):1251-1256.
[209]Saugar,J.M.;Rodriguez-Hernandez,M.J.;dela Torre,B.G.;Pachon-Ibanez,M.E.;Fernandez-Reyes,M.;Andreu,D.;Pachon,J.;Rivas,L.Activity of cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides against colistin- resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii:molecular basis for the differential mechanisms of action[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2006,50(4):1251-1256.
[210]Sawano,Y.;Miyakawa,T.;Yamazaki,H.;Tanokura,M.;Hatano,K.Purification,characterization,and molecular gene cloning of an antifungai protein from Ginkgo biloba seeds[J].Biological chemistry,2007,388(3):273-280.
[211]Selsted,M.E.;Tang,Y.Q.;Morris,W.L.;McGuire,P.A.;Novotny,M.J.;Smith,W.; Henschen,A.H.;Cullor,J.S.Purification,primary structures,and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins,a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1993,268(9):6641-6648.
[212]Shai,Y.;Oren,Z.From "carpet" mechanism to de-novo designed diastereomeric cell-selective antimicrobial peptides[J].Peptides,2001,22(10):1629-1641.
[213]Shai,Y,Makovitzky,A.;Avrahami,D.Host defense peptides and lipopeptides:modes of action and potential candidates for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections[J].Current protein & Peptide Science,2006,7(6):479-486.
[214]Shai,Y.Mechanism of the binding,insertion and destabilization of phospholipid bilayer membranes by alpha-helical antimicrobial and cell non-selective membrane-lytic peptides[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,1999,1462(1-2):55-70.
[215]Sharma,A.;Sharma,R.;Imamura,M.;Yamakawa,M.;Machii,H.Transgertic expression of cecropin B,an antibacterial peptide from Bombyx mori,confers enhanced resistance to bacterial leaf blight in rice[J].FEBS Letter,2000,484(1):7-11.
[216]Shaw,J.E.;Alattia,J.R.;Verity,J.E.;Prive,G.G.;Yip,C.M.Mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide action:studies of indolicidin assembly at model membrane interfaces by in situ atomic force microscopy[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2006,154(1):42-58.
[217]Shin,S.Y.;Park,E.J.;Yang,S.T.;Jung,H.J.;Eom,S.H.;Song,W.K.;Kim,Y.;Hahm,K.S.;Kim,J.I.Structure-activity analysis of SMAP-29,a sheep leukocytes-derived antimicrobial peptide[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2001,285(4):1046-1051.
[218]Siler,R.J.;Goodrich-Tanrikulu,M.;Cornish,K.Composition of rubber particles of Hevea brasiliensis,Parthenuim argentatum,Ficus elastica and Euphorbia lactifua indicates unconventional surface structure[J].Plant physiology and biochemistry,1997,35(11):881-889.
[219]Singh,V.;Belloir,C.;Siess,M.H.;Le,Bon,A.M.Inhibition of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in rat liver and colon by garlic powders with varying alliin content[J].Nutrition and Cancer,2006,55(2):178-184.
[220]Sivakumar,G.Bioreactor technology:a novel industrial tool for high-tech production of bioactive molecules and biopharmaceuticals from plant roots[J].Biotechnology Journal,2006,1(12):1419-1427.
[221]Stec,B.;Rao,U.;Teeter,M.M.Refinement of purothionins reveals solute particles important for lattice formation and toxicity.Part 2:structure of beta-purothionin at 1.7 A resolution[j].Acta crystallographica.Section D,Biological crystallography,1995,51:914-924.
[222]Stec,B.Plant thionins—the structural perspective[j].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2006,63(12):1370-1385.v[223]Steiner,H.;Hultmark,D.;Engstrom,A.;Bennich,H.;Boman,H.G.Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity[J].Nature,1981,292(5820):246-248.
[224]Strupat,K.Molecular weight determination of peptides and proteins by ESI and MALDI[J].Methods Enzymol,2005,405:1-36.
[225]Swanson,K.;Gorodetsky,S.;Good,L.;Davis,S.;Musgrave,D.;Stelwagen,K.;.Farr,V.;Molenaar,A.Expression of a beta-defensin mRNA,lingual antimicrobial peptide,in bovine mammary epithelial tissue is induced by mastitis[J].Infection and Immunity,2004,72(12):7311-7314.
[226]Tanaka,K.;Kawahara,S.;Aik-Hwee,E.Initiation of rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis:Characterization of initiating species by structural analysis[J].Phytochemical,1996,41(6):1501-1055.
[227]Tanaka,T.;Sato,S.;Kumura,H.;Shimazaki,K.Expression and characterization of bovine lactoperoxidase by recombinant baculovirus[J].Bioscienee,Biotechhology and Biochemistry,2003,67(10):2254-2261.
[228]Tangpakdee,J.Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and prenyltransferase activities in bottom fraction and c-serum from Hevea latex[J].Phytochemical,1997,45(2):261-267.
[229]Tangpakdee,T.;Tanaka,Y.Why rubber tree produce polyisoprenea possible role of nature rubber in the Hevea tree[J].Journal of Rubber Research,1998,1(2):77-83.
[230]Tangpakdee,T.;Tanaka,Y.Long-chain polyprenols and rubber in young leaves of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Phytochemical,1998,48 0):447-450.
[231]Teeter,M.M.;Roe,S.M.;Heo,N.H.Atomic resolution(0.83 A) crystal structure of the hydrophobic protein crambin at 130 K[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1993,230(1):292-311.
[232]Thevissen,K.;Kristensen,H.H.;Thomma,B.P.;Cammue,B.P.;Francois,I.E.Therapeutic potential of antifungal plant and insect defensins[J].Drug Discover Today,2007,12(21-22):966-971.
[233]Thomma,B.P.;Cammue,B.P.;Thevissen,K.Plant defensins[J].Planta,2002,216(2):193-202.
[234]Tremouilhac,P.;Strandberg,E.;Wadhwani,P.;Ulrich,A.S.Synergistic transmembrane alignment of the antimicrobial heterodimer PGLa/magainin[j].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2006,281(43):32089-32094.
[235]Twyman,R.M.;Schillberg,S.;Fischer,R.Transgenic plants in the biopharmaceutical market[J].Expert opinion on emerging drugs,2005,10(1):185-218.
[236]Uchida,K.;Abe,S.;Yamaguchi,H.The postantifungal effect(PAFE) of itraconazole,in comparison with those of miconazole and fluconazole,on Candida Species[J].Microbiology and immunology,2006,50(9):679-685.
[237]Vernon,L.P.;Evett,G.E.;Zeikus,R.D.;Gray,W.R.A toxic thionin from Pyrularia pubera:purification,properties,and amino acid sequence[j].Archives of biochemistry and biophysics,1985,238(1):18-29.
[238]Voravuthikunchai,S.;Lortheeranuwat,A.;Jeeju,W.;Sririrak,T.;Phongpaichit,S.;Supawita,T.Effective medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2004,94(1):49-54.
[239]Wang,J.X.;Zhao,X.F.;Liang,Y.L.;Li,L.;Zhang,W.;Ren,Q.;Wang,L.C.;Wang,L.Y.Molecular characterization and expression,of the antimicrobial peptide defensin from the housefly(Musca domestica)[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2006,63(24):3072-3082.
[240]Wang,W.;Cole,A.M.;Hong,T.;Waring,A.J.;Lehrer,R.I.Retrocyclin,an antiretroviral theta-defensin,is a lectin[J].Journal of immunology,2003,170(9):4708-4716.
[241]Wei,Q.;Kim,Y.S.;Seo,J.H.;Jang,W.S.;Lee,I.H.;.Cha,H.J.Facilitation of expression and purification of an antimicrobial peptide by fusion with baculoviral polyhedrin in Escherichia coli[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(9):5038-5043.
[242]Wicker,C.;Reichhart,J.M.;Hoffmann,D.;Hultmark,D.;Samakovlis,C.;Hoffmann,J.A.Insect immunity.Characterization of a Drosophila cDNA encoding a novel member of the diptericin family of immune peptides[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1990,265(36):22493-22498.
[243]Winder,D.;Gunzburg,W.H.;Erfle,V.;Salmons,B.Expression of antimicrobial peptides has an antitumour effect in human cells.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1998,242(3):608-612.
[244]Wright,C.S.2.2 A resolution structure analysis of two refined N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose-wheat germ agglutinin isolectin complexes[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1990,215(4):635-651.
[245]Wright,C.S.Crystal structure of a wheat germ agglutinin/glycophorin-sialoglycopeptide receptor complex.Structural basis for cooperative lectin-cell binding[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267(20):14345-14352.
[246]Wu,D.F.;Zeng,X.S.;Zhang,Y.D.;Cheng,C.Z.;Huang,Y.D.;Zheng,X.Q.Site-directed mutagenesis of cecropin B geneand expression in insect cells[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,1999,20(3):54-58.
[247]Wu,J.;Parungo,C.;Wu,G.;Kang,P.M.;Laham,R.;Sellke,F.W.;Simons,M.;Li,J.PR39inhibits apoptosis in hypoxic endothelial cells:role of inhibitor apoptosis protein-2[J].Circulation,2004,109(13):1660-1667.
[248]Wu,M.;Hancock,R.E.Improved derivatives of bactenecin,a cyclic dodecameric antimicrobial cationic peptide[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1999,43(5):1274-1276.
[249]Xiang,Y.;Huang,R.H.;Liu,W.;Li,G.P.;Liu,X.Z.;Wang,D.C.Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of a novel antifungal protein with five disulfide bridges from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Acta crystallographica.Section D,Biological crystallography,2002,58:1838-1840.
[250]Xiang,Y.;Huang,R.H.;Liu,X.Z.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,D.C.Crystal structure of a novel antifungal protein distinct with five disulfide bridges from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver at an atomic resolution[J].Journal Structrual Biology,2004,148(1):86-97.
[251]Xu,X.;Jin,F.;Yu,X.;Ji,S.;Wang,J.;Cheng,H.;Wang,C.;Zhang,W.Expression and purification of a recombinant antibacterial peptide,cecropin,from Escherichia coli[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2007,53(2):293-301.
[252]Yang,Y.S.;Mitta,G.;Chavanieu,A.;Calas,B.;Sanchez,J.F.;Roch,P.;Aumelas,A.Solution structure and activity of the synthetic four-disulfide bond Mediterranean mussel defensin(MGD-1)[J].Biochemistry,2000,39(47):14436-14447.
[253]Yano,A.;Takekoshi,M.Transgenic plant-derived pharmaceuticals the practical approach[J].Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy,2004,4(10):1565-1568.
[254]Yarus,S.;Rosen,J.M.;Cole,A.M.;Diamond,G.Production of active bovine tracheal antimicrobial peptide in milk of transgenic mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1996,93(24):14118-14121.
[255]Yatsu,L.Y.;Jacks,T.J.Spherosome membranes[J].Plant Physiology,1972,49:937-943.
[256]Yevtushenko,D.P.;Romero,R.;Forward,B.S.;Hancock,R.E.;Kay,W.W.;Misra,S.Pathogen-induced expression of a cecropin A-melittin antimicrobial peptide gene confer santifungal resistance in transgenic tobacco[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2005,56 (416):1685-1695.
[257]Yi,J.Y.;Seo,H.W.;Yang,M.S.;Robb,E.J.;Nazar,R.N.;Lee,S.W.Plant defense gene promoter enhances the reliability of shiva-1 gene-induced resistance to soft rot disease in potato[J].Planta,2004,220(1):165-171.
[258]Yu,F.L.Studies on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 inhibition of rat liver nucleolar RNA synthesis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1981,256(7):3292-3297.
[259]Yu,J.;Cleveland,T.E.;Nierman,W.C.;Bennett,J.W.Aspergillus flavus genomics:gateway to human and animal health,food safety,and crop resistance to diseases[J].Revista iberoamericana de micologia:organo de la Asociacion Espanola de Especialistasen Micologia,2005,22(4):194-202.
[260]Zaiou,M.Multifunctional antimicrobial peptides:therapeutic targets in several human diseases[J].Journal of Molecular Medicine,2007,85(4):317-329.
[261]Zasloff,M.Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms[J].Nature,2002,415:389-395.
[262]Zasloff,M.Inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptides to battle infections[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(24):8913-8914.
[263]Zasloff,M.Magainins,a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin:isolation,characterization of two active forms,and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1987,84(15):5449-5453.
[264]Zerbini,E.;Andreu,D.;Tonarelli,G.;Sequeira,M.D.In-vitroactivity of two hybrid synthetic peptides having antimicrobial activity against mycobacteria[J].Revista Argentina de Microbiologia,2006,38(4):221-223.
[265]Zhang,G.Z.;Chen,L.H.;Wang,Y.P.;Li,Z.W.;Yang,T.Y.;Li,Z.Y.Latest development of nisin's application[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(5):102-105.
[266]Zhang,H.;Liu,A,Y.;Loriaux,P.;Wollscheid,B.;Zhou,Y.;Watts,J.D.;.Aebersold,R.Mass spectrometric detection of tissue proteins in plasma[J].Molecular and cellular proteomics,2007,6(1):64-71.
[267]Zhang,L.;Parente,J.;Harris,S.;Woods,D.E.;Hancock,R.E.;Falla,T.J.Antimicrobial peptide therapeutics for cystic fibrosis[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49(7):2921-2927.
[268]Zhao,D.G.;Liu,Y.;Zhu,Y.Y.;Gao,Y.Q.;Zhou,M.B.;Feng,Y.The effect of Eucommia ulmoides farnesyl pyrophosphate synthese gene on volatile constituents of transgenic tobacco[C].11th the International Association for Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Congress,2006,August,13-18,p115.Beijing,China.
[269]Zheng,Q.;Huang,Z.R.;Yao,R.H.;Su,Z.H.;Zheng,X.Q.;Wang,Y.G.Expression of synthetic cecropin AD genein yeast[J].Acta Sericological Sinica,1999,25(3):175-180.
[270]Zhou,M.;Chen,T.;Walker,B.;Shaw,C.Lividins:novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog,Rana(Odorrana) livida.Identification by "shotgun" cDNA cloning and sequence analysis[J].Peptides,2006,27(9):2118-2123.
[271]Zhou,X.X.;Li,W.F.;Xu,Z.R.Biosynthesis and its regulation of nisin[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2005,5(1):86-92.
[2]卢敏,胡正海,田兰馨.杜仲茎韧皮部超微结构的初步研究[J].浙江林学院学报,1990,7(4):316-321.
[3]田兰馨,卢敏,胡正海.杜仲含胶细胞发生和发育的研究[J].植物学通报,1990,7(1):126.
[4]田兰馨,胡正海.杜仲橡胶丝的形态和分布规律的研究M].西安:西北大学出版,1982,212-215.
[5]田兰馨.杜仲形态学研究[M].西安:陕西科技出版社,1992.
[6]申延,何泼,秦俊哲,董文宾.杜仲含胶细胞的整体观察[J].西北林学院学报,2006,21(3):41-44.
[7]刘卫平,韩玉珍,赵德刚.杜仲肉桂醇脱氢酶基因克隆及序列分析[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(1):27-30.
[8]刘小烛,胡忠,李英,杨俊波,李炳钧.杜仲皮中抗真菌蛋白的分离和特性研究[J].云南植物研究,1994,16(4):385-391.
[9]刘长军,孟玉玲,侯嵩生,陈晓亚.棉花法呢基焦磷酸合酶cDNA克隆、序列分析及其在种子发育过程中的表达特征[J].植物学报,1998,40(8):703-710.
[10]严瑞芳,胡汉杰.杜仲胶的研究与开发[J].中国科学基金,1994,1:51-55.
[11]严瑞芳.杜仲胶研究进展及发展前景[J].化学进展,1995,7(1):65-71.
[12]宋磊,张学俊,董大鹏,王庆辉.杜仲胶性质及提取研究的进展[J].贵州化工,2006,31(4):4-8.
[13]张龙翔,张庭芳,李令媛主编.生化实验方法和技术(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1997.
[14]张治礼,郝秉中,吴继林.巴西橡胶树乳管分化的研究[J].热带作物研究,1996,(4):4-10.
[15]张海晖,裘爱咏,刘军海,王绞呈.中药大黄提取物对几种畜禽致病菌的抑菌作用研究[J].饲料工业,2004,25(11):24-26.
[16]张康健,张檀.中国神树-杜仲[M].北京:经济管理出版社,1997.
[17]张康健.中国杜仲次生代谢物研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[18]杜红岩,杜兰英,李芳东,谢碧霞.杜仲果实含胶特性的个体变异规律[J].林业科学研究,2004,47(6):706-710.
[19]杜红岩,杜兰英,李芳东.杜仲果实内杜仲胶形成规律[J].林业科学研究,2004,17(2):185-191.
[20]杜红岩,杜兰英,李福海.不同产地杜仲树皮含胶特性的变异规律[J].林业科学,2004,40(5):186-190.
[21]杨道理,李保昌.蛋白质纯化的方法选择[J].实用医药杂志,2004,21(12):1121-1123.
[22]汪家政,范明主编.蛋白质技术手册[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.
[23]汪盛,向烨,李根培,王大成.杜仲抗真菌蛋白晶体生长的原子力显微成像研究—快速生长与晶面生长速率[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2003,30(5):784-791.
[24]汪盛,向烨,蔡绍皙,王大成.用AFM研究杜仲抗真菌蛋白的晶体生长[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2004,27(3):100-103.
[25]汪盛,向烨,李根培,王大成.杜仲抗真菌蛋白(EAFP)晶体动态生长研究[J].华中师范大学学报,自然科学版,2007,41(2):249-253.
[26]苏拔贤主编.生物化学制备技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1994.
[27]邹清华,张建中.蛋白质组学(proteomics)的相关技术及应用[J].生物技术通讯,2003,14(3):1-7.
[28]陈士明.杜仲橡胶的开发和应用[J].橡胶工业,1993,40(11):690-498.
[29]周明兵,王红珍,赵德刚.杜仲叶和树皮总RNA的快速提取法[J].山地农业生物学报,2003,22(5):430-431.
[30]周明兵,肖月华,朱冬雪,裴炎,赵德刚.杜仲胶合成相关基因EuFPS的克隆及序列分析[J].分子植物育种,2003,1(1):66-71.
[31]周明兵,侯磊,朱冬雪,裴炎,赵德刚.杜仲树皮cDNA文库的构建与分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2004,23(1):58-59.
[32]周政贤.中国杜仲[M].贵阳:贵州出版社,1993.
[33]周莉英,郑旭锐.不同无性系杜仲含胶细胞密度的动态研究[J].陕西中医学院学报,2006,29(3):58-59.
[34]周莉英,黎斌,苏印泉.杜仲含胶细胞形态特征的研究[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(3):566-569.
[35]罗明武,邓柳红.巴西橡胶树产胶与排胶机制研究进展[J].林为科学,2006,42(9):127-130.
[36]段明星,于冰宾,马红,陈坚刚,周广业编著.生物化学实验技术[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[37]段翠芳,聂智毅,曾日中.橡胶粒子膜蛋白双向电泳体系的建立和质谱初步分析[J].热带作物学报,2006,27(3):22-29.
[38]胡笃敬.杜仲是我国特产的橡胶植物[J].生物学通报,1957,2:6-9.
[39]赵德刚,韩玉珍,傅永福,国风利,王敏杰,孟繁静.杜仲胶生物合成相关蛋白质的研究[J].中国农业大学学报,1999,4(1):114.
[40]郝秉中,吴继林,云翠英.排胶对橡胶树乳管分化的促进作用[J].热带作物学报,1984,5(2):19-23.
[41]郭尧君编著.蛋白质电泳实验技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.
[42]崔跃华,汪矛,孙克莲.杜仲含胶细胞的形态学研究[J].植物学能报,1999,16(4):439-443.
[43]黄俊生,孔德謇,符少萍.巴西橡胶HMG-CoA还原酶基因cDNA的扩增与克隆[J].热带作物学报,1993,14(2):11-15.
[44]黄俊生,孔德謇.橡胶树HMG-CoA还原酶基因结构序列分析[J].热带作物学报,1996,17(2):5-10.
[45]黄仁槐.应用同核二维NMR解析EAFP2的溶液结构[D].博士论文,北京:中国科学院生物物理研究所,2004.
[46]彭世清,吴坤鑫,陈守才.橡胶延长因子的cDNA的克隆和序列分析[J].华南热带农业大学学报,2000,2:1
[47]薛伟,宋宝安,周霞,刁春玲,杨松,何伟,胡德禹,金林红.抗菌植物的研究新进展[J].农药,2005,44(6):241-246.
[48]Adiwilaga,K.;Kush A.Cloning and characterization of cDNA encoding farnesyl diphosphate synthase from rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)[J].Plant Molecular Biology,1996,30:935-946.
[49]Agerberth,B.;Lee,J.Y.;Bergman,T.;Carlquist,M.;Boman,H.G.;Mutt,V.;Jornvall,H.Amino acid sequence of PR-39.Isolation from pig intestine of a new member of the family of proline-arginine-rich antibacterial peptides[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1991,202(3):849-854.
[50]Agerberth,B.;Raqib,R.Improved outcome in shigellosis associated with butyrate induction of an endogenous peptide antibiotic[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(24):9178-9183.
[51]Al-Tatari,H.;Abdel-Haq,N.;Chearskul,P.;Asmar,B.Antibiotics for treatment of resistant gram-positive coccal infections[J].Indian Journal of Pediatrics,2006,73(4):323-334.
[52]Andersen,N.H.;Cao,B.;Rodriguez-Romero,A.;Arreguin,B.Hevein:NMR assignment and assessment of solution-state folding for the agglutinin-toxin motif[J].Biochemistry,1993,32(6):1407-1422.
[53]Anderson,R.C.;Yu,P.L.Isolation and characterisation of proline/arginine-rich cathelicidin peptides from ovine neutrophils[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2003,312(4):1139-1146.
[54]Attanyka,D.P.T.G.;Kekwick,R.G.O.;Franklin,F.C.H.Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the rubber elongation factor gene from Hevea brasiliensis[J].Plant Molecular Biology,1991,16:1079-1081.
[55]Bamba,T.;Fukusaki,E.;Kajiyama,S.;Ute,K.;Kitayama,T.;Kobayashi,A.The occurrence of geometric polyprenol isomers in the rubber-producing plant,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Lipids,2001,36(7):727-732.
[56]Bamba,T.;Fukusaki,E.;Nakazawa,Y.;Kobayashi,A.In-situ chemical analyses of transpolyisoprene by histochemical staining and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in a rubber-producing plant,Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Planta,2002,215(6):934-939.
[57]Benedict,C.R.;Madhavan,S.;Greenblatt,G.A.The enzymatic synthesis of rubber polymer in Parthenuim argentatum Gray[J].Plant Physiology,1991,92:816-821.
[58]Bessin,Y.;Saint,N.;Marri,L.;Marchini,D.;Molle,G.Antibacterial activity and pore-forming properties of ceratotoxins:a mechanism of action based on the barrel stave model[J].Biochim Biochimicaet Biophysica acta,2004,1667(2):148-156.
[59]Bikker,F.J.;Kaman-van Zanten,W.E.;de Vries-van Ruit,A.M.;Voskamp-Visser,I.;van Hooft,P.A.;Mars-Groenendijk,R.H.;de Visser,P.C.;Noort,D.Evaluation of the antibacterial spectrum of drosocin analogues[J].Chemical Biology and Drug Design,2006,68(3):148-153.
[60]Blot,S.;Janssens,R.;Claeys,G.;Hoste,E.;Buyle,F.;De Waele,J.J.;Peleman,R.;Vogelaers,D.;Vandewoude,K.Effect of fluconazole consumption on long-term trends in candidal ecology[J].The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2006,58(2):474-477.
[61]Boland,M.P.;Separovic,F.Membrane interactions of antimicrobial peptides from Australian tree frogs[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2006,1758(9):1178-1183.
[62]Boman,H.G.Antibacterial peptides:basic facts and emerging concepts[J].Journal of Internal Medicine,2003,254(3):197-215.
[63]Boman,H.G.Peptide antibiotics and their role in innate immunity[J].Annual review of immunology,1995,13:61-92.
[64]Bormann,C.;Baier,D.;Horr,I.;Raps,C.;Berger,J.;Jung,G.;Schwarz,H.Characterization of a novel,antifungal,chitin-binding protein from Streptomyces tendae Tu901 that interferes with growth polarity[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1999,181(24):7421-7429.
[65]Bradford,M.M.A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding[J].Analytical Biochemistry,1976,72:248-254.
[66]Brodersen,P.;Malinovsky,F.G.;Hematy,K.;Newman,M.A.;Mundy,J.The role of salicylic acid in the induction of cell death in Arabidopsis acd11[J].Plant Physiology,2005,138(2):1037-1045.
[67]Broekaert,I.;Lee,H.I.;Kush,A.;Chua,N.H.;Raikhel,N.Wound-induced accumulation of mRNA containing a hevein sequence in laticifers of rubber tree(Hevea brasiliensis)[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1990,87(19):7633-7637.
[68]Broekaert,W.F.;Marien,W.;Terras,F.R.;De Bolle,M.F.;Proost,P,.;Van Damme,J.;Dillen,L.;Claeys,M.;Rees,S.B.;Vanderleyden,J.;Cammue,B.P.A.Antimicrobial peptides from Amaranthus caudatus seeds with sequence homology to the cysteine/glycine-rich domain of chitin-binding proteins[J].Biochemistry,1992,31(17):4308-4314.
[69]Broekaert,W.F.;Van Parijs,J.;Leyns,F.;Joos,H.;Peumans,W.J.A Chitin-Binding Lectin from Stinging Nettle Rhizomes with Antifungal Properties[J].Science,1989,245(4922):1100-1102.
[70]Brogden,K.A.;Ackermann,M.;McCray,P.B.J.;Tack,B.F.Antimicrobial peptides in animals and their role in host defences[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2003,22(5):465-478.
[71]Cammue,B.P.;De Bolle,M.F.;Terras,F.R.;Proost,P.;Van Damme,J.;Rees,S.B.;Vanderleyden,J.;Broekaert,W.F.Isolation and characterization of a novel class of plant antimicrobial peptides form Mirabilis jalapa L.seeds[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267(4):2228- 2233.
[72]Casteels,P.;Ampe,C.;Riviere,L.;Van Damme,J.;Elicone,C.;Fleming,M.;Jacobs,F.;Tempst,P.Isolation and characterization of abaecin,a major antibacterial response peptide in the honeybee(Apis mellifera)[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1990,187(2):381-386.
[73]Chan,D.I.;Prenner,E.J.;Vogel,H.J.Tryptophan- and arginine-rich antimicrobial peptides:structures and mechanisms of action.Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2006,1758(9):184-1202.
[74]Chattopadhyay,M.K.;Kern,R.;Mistou,M.Y.;Dandekar,A.M.;Uratsu,S.L.;Richarme,G.The chemical chaperone proline relieves the thermosensitivity of a dnaK deletion mutant at 42 degrees C[J].Journal of Bacteriology,2004,186(23):8149-8152.
[75]Chaurand,P.;Luetzenkirchen,F.;Spengler,B.Peptide and protein identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization(MALDI) and MALDI-post-source decay time-of-flight mass spectrometry[J].Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry,1999,10(2):91-103.
[76]Chen,A.;Kroon,P.A.;Poulter,C.D.Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases:protein sequence comparisons,a phlogenetic tree,and predictions of secondary structure[J].Protein Science, 1994,3:600-607.
[77]Chen,H.X.;Hu,T.S.;Wang,X.;Qu,X.M.Cloning and fusion expression of antibacterial protein Diptericin gene in Escherichia coli.Chinese Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2001,17(2):182-184.
[78]Chen,J.;Xu,X.M.;Underhill,C.B.;Yang,S.;Wang,L.;Chen,Y.;Hong,S.;Creswell,K.;Zhang,L.Tachyplesin activates the classic complement pathway to kill tumor cells[J].Cancer Research,2005,65(11):4614-4622.
[79]Chow,K.S.;Wan,K.L.;Isa,M.N.;Bahari,A.;Tan,S.H.;Harikrishna,K.;Yeang,H.Y.Insights into rubber biosyrithesis from transcriptome analysis of Hevea brasiliensis latex[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2007,58(10):2429-2440.
[80]Clarke,D.J.;Campopiano,D.J.Structural and functional studies of defensin-inspired peptides[J].Biochemical Society Transactions,2006,34:251-256.
[81]Coca,M.;Penas,G.;Gomez,J.;Campo,S.;Bortolotti,C.;Messeguer,J.;Segundo,B.S.Enhanced resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea conferred by expression of a cecropin A gene in transgenic rice[J].Planta,2006,223(3):392-406.
[82]Cociancich,S.;Dupont,A.;Hegy,G.;Lanot,R.;Holder,F.;Hetru,C.;Hoffmann,J.A.;Bulet,P.Novel inducible antibacterial peptides from a hemipteran insect,the sap-sucking bug Pyrrhocoris apterus[J].The Biochemical Journal,1994,300:567-575.
[83]Conlon,J.M.;Sonnevend,A.;Jouenne,T.;Coquet,L.;Cosquer,D.;Vaudry,H.;Iwamuro,S.A family of acyclic brevinin-1 peptides from the skin of the Ryukyu brown frog Rana okinavana[J].Peptides,2005,26(2):185-190.
[84]Cornish,K.;Pan,Z.;Backhaus,R.A.Engineering new domestic sources of natural rubber.In:Janick J,Simon J E(eds)[J].NewCrops.New York:Wiley,1993,192-196.
[85]Cornish,K.The separate roles of plant cis and trans prenyl transferases incis-1,4-polyisoprene biosynthesis[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1993,218(1):267-271.
[86]Cornish,K.;Siler,D.J.Effect of different allylic diphosphate on the initiation of new rubber molecules and on cis-1,4-polyisoprene biosynthesis in guayule(Parthenium argentatum)[J].Plant Physiology,1995,147:301-305.
[87]Costa,S.;Utah,A.;Speroni,E.;Cervellati,R.;Piva,G.;Prandini,A.;Guerra,M.C.Carnosic acid from rosemary extracts:a potential chemoprotective agent against aflatoxin B1.An in vitro study[j].Journal of Applied Toxicology,2007,27(2):152-159.
[88]De Fay,E.;Sanier,C.;Hebant,C.The distribution of plasmodesmata in the pholem of Hevea brasilienais in relation to laticifer loading[j].Protoplasma,1989,149(2/3):155-162.
[89]Deng,H.Nitrite anions induce nitrosative deamination of peptides and proteins[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2006,20(24):3634-36388.
[90]Dennis,M.S.;Henzel,W.J.;Bell,J.;Kohr,W.;Light,D.R.Amino acid sequence of rubber elongation factor protein associated with rubber particles in Hevea latex[J].The Journal of biological chemistry,1989,264(31):18618-16626.
[91]Deyama,T.;Nishibe,S.;Nakazawa,Y.Constituents and pharmacological effects of Eucommia and Siberian ginseng[j].Acta Pharmacologica Sinica,2001,22(12):1057-1070.
[92]Dickenson,P.B.Electron microscopical studies of the latex vessel system of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Journal of the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya,1969,21:543-559.
[93]Egorov,T.A.;Odintsova,T.I.;Pukhalsky,V.A.;Grishin,E.V.Diversity of wheat anti-microbial peptides[J].Peptides,2005,26(11):2064-2073.
[94]Ehrenstein,G.;Lecar,H.Electrically gated ionic channels in lipid bilayers[j].Quarterly reviews of Biophysics,1977,10(1):1-34.
[95]Fidel,P.L.J.Candida-host interactions in HIV disease:relationships in oropharyngeal candidiasis[J].Advances in Dental Research,2006,9(1) 80-84.
[96]Filler,S.G.;Sheppard,D.C.Fungal invasion of normally non-phagocytic host cells[J].PLoS pathogens,2006,2(12):e129.
[97]Fogaca,A.C.;Almeida,I.C.;Eberlin,M.N.;Tanaka,A.S.;Bulet,P.;Daffre,S.Ixodidin,a novel antimicrobial pepfide from the hemocytes of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus with inhibitory activity against serine proteinases[J].Peptides,2006,27(4):667-674.
[98]Fogaca,A.C.;Lorenzini,D.M.;Kaku,L.M.;Esteves,E.;Bulet,P.;Daffre,S.Cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus:isolation,structural characterization and tissue expression profile[J].Developmental and Comparative Immunology,2004,28(3):191-200.
[99]Frohlich,T.;Arnold,G.J.Proteome research based on modern liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry:separation,identification and quantification[J].Journal of Neural Transmission,2006,113(8):973-974.
[100]Fujitani,N.;Kawabata,S.;Osaki,T.;Kumaki,Y.;Demura,M.;Nitta,K.;Kawano,K.Structure of the antimicrobial peptide tachystatin A[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2002,277(26):23651-23657.
[101]Funk,J.A.;Lejeune,J.T.;Wittum,T.E.;Rajala-Schultz,P.J.The effect of subtherapeutic chlortetracycline on antimicrobial resistance in the fecal flora of swine[J].Microbial Drug Resistance,2006,12(3):210-218.
[102]Gaczynska,M.;Osmulski,P.A.;Gao,Y.;Post,M.J.;Simons,M.Proline- and arginine-rich peptides constitute a novel class of allosteric inhlbitors of proteasome activity[J].Biochemistry,2003,42(29):8663-8670.
[103]Gazit,E.;Boman,A.;Boman,H.;Shai,Y.Interaction of the mammalian antibacterial peptide cecropin P1 with phospholipid vesicles[J].Biochemistry,1995,34(36):11479-11488.
[104]Giacometti,A.;Cirioni,O.;Del Prete,M.S.;Barchiesi,F.;Fineo,A.;Scalise,G.Activity of buforin Ⅱ alone and in combination with azithromycin and minocycline against Cryptosporidium parvum in cell culture[J].The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,2001,47(1):97-99.
[105]Giacometti,A.;Cirioni,O.;Ghiselli,R.;Mocchegiani,F.;D'Amato,G.;Circo,R.;Orlando,F.;Skerlavaj,B.;Silvestri,C.;Saba,V.;Zanetti,M.;Scalise,G.Cathelicidin peptide sheep myeloid antimicrobial peptide-29 prevents endotoxin-induced mortality in rat models of septic shock[J].American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Mdicine,2004,169(2):187-194.
[106]Gidrol,X.;Chrestin,H.;Tan,H.L.;Kush,A.Hevein,a lectin-like protein from Hevea brasiliensis(rubber tree) is involved in the coagulation of latex[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1994,269(12):9278-9283.
[107]Gomez,G.;Pallas,V.A long-distance translocatable phloem protein from cucumber forms a ribonucleoprotein complex in vivo with Hop stunt viroid RNA[J].Journal of Virology,2004,78(18):10104-10110.
[108]Gomez,G.;Torres,H.;Pallas,V.Identification of translocatable RNA-binding phloem proteins from melon,potential components of the long-distance RNA transport system[J].Plant Journal,2005,41(1):107-116.
[109]Guerbette,F.;Grosbois,M.;Jolliot-Croquin,A.;Kader,J.C.;Zachowski,A.Lipid-transfer proteins from plants:structure and binding properties.[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,1999,192(1-2):157-161.
[110]Guerra,M.C.;Galvano,F.;Bonsi,L.;Speroni,E.;Costa,S.;Renzulli,C.;Cervellati,R.Cyanidin-3-O-beta-glucopyranoside,a natural free-radical scavenger against aflatoxin B1-and ochratoxin A-induced cell damage in a human hepatoma cell line(Hep G2) and a human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line(CaCo-2)[J].The British Journal of Nutrition,2005,94(2):211-220.
[111]Guerra,N.P.;Macias,C.L.;Agrasar,A.T.;Castro,L.P.Development of a bioactive packaging cellophane using Nisaplin as biopreservative agent[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2005,40(2):106-110.
[112]Guerra N.P.;Araujo,A.B.;Barrera,A.M.;Agrasar,A.T.;Macias,C.L.;Carballo,J.;Pastrana,L.Antimicrobial activity of nisin adsorbed to surfaces commonly used in the food industry[J].Journal of Food Protection,2005,68(5):1012-1019.
[113]Guillon,S.;Tremouillaux-Guiller,J.;Pati,P.K.;Rideau,M.;Gantet,P.Hairy root research:recent scenario and exciting prospects[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2006,9(3):341-346.
[114]Gusman,H.;Travis,J.;Helmerhorst,E.J.;Potempa,J.;Troxler,R.F.;Oppertheim,F.G.Salivary histatin 5 is an inhibitor of both host and bacterial enzymes implicated in periodontal disease[J].Infection and Immunity,2001,69(3):1402-1408.
[115]Hakovirta,J.;Reunanen,J.;Saris,P.E.Bioassay for nisin in milk,processed cheese,salad dressings,canned tomatoes,and liquid egg products[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(2):1001-1005.
[116]Han,K.H.;Shin,D.H.;Yang,J.;Kim,I.J.;Oh,S.K.;Chow,K.S.Genes expressed in the latex of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Tree Physiology,2000,20:503-510.
[117]Hancock,R.E.;Sahl,H.G.Antimicrobial and host-defense peptides as new anti-infective therapeutic strategies[j].Nature Biotechnology,2006,24(12):1551-1557.
[118]Hanhineva,K.J.;Karenlampi,S.O.Production of transgenic strawberries by temporary immersion bioreactor system and verification by TAIL-PCR.BMC Biotechnol,2007,7:11.
[119]Hao,B.Z.;Wu,J.L.Biology of laticifers in Hevea and latex production[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2004,25(4):1-7.
[120]Hao,B.Z.;Wu,J.L.Laticifer differentiation in Heyea brasiliensis:induced by exogenousjasmoniC acid and 1 inoleniC acid[J].Annal of Botany,2000,85(1):37-43.
[121]Harata,K.;Muraki,M.Crystal structures of Urtica dioica agglutinin and its complex with tri-N-acetylchitotriose[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,2000,297(3):673-681.
[122]Hasma,H.Lipids associated with rubber particles and their possible role in mechanical stability of latex concentrates[J].Journal of Natural Rubber Research,1991,6:105-114.
[123]Hayes,M.;Ross,R.P.;Fitzgerald,G.F.;Hill,C.;Stanton,C.Casein-derived antimicrobial peptides generated by Lactobacillus acidophilus DPC6026[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(3):2260-2264.
[124]Henzler-Wildman,K.A.;Lee,D.K.;Ramamoorthy,A.Mechanism of lipid bilayer disruption by the human antimicrobial peptide,LL-37[J].Biochemistry,2003,42(21):6545-6558.
[125]Hirakura,Y.;Kobayashi,S.;Matsuzaki,K.Specific interactions of the antimicrobial peptide cyclic beta-sbeet tachyplesin I with lipopolysaccharides[j].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,2002,1562(1-2):32-36.
[126]Hsu,C.H.;Chen,C.;Jou,M.L.;Lee,A.Y.;Lin,Y.C.;Yu,Y.P.;Huang,W.T.;Wu,S.H.Structural and DNA-binding studies on the bovine antimicrobial peptide,indolicidin:evidence for multiple conformations involved in binding to membranes and DNA[J].Nucleic Acids Research,2005,33(13):4053-4064.
[127]Huang,R.H.;Wang,D.C.Mass spectrometric strategy for primary structure determination of N-terminally blocked peptides[J].Journal of Chromatography.B,Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences,2004,3(1):167-172.
[128]Huang,R.H.;Xiang,Y.;Liu,X.Z.;Zhang,Y.;Hu,Z.;Wang,D.C.Two novel antifungal peptides distinct with a five-disulfide motif from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv[J].FEBS letters,2002,521:87-90.
[129]Huang,R.H.;Xiang,Y.;Tu,G.Z.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,D.C.Solution structure of Eucommia antifungal peptide:a novel structural model distinct with a five-disulfide motif.Biochemistry,2004,3(20):6005-6012.
[130]Huang,R.H.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,D.C.Primary structural determination of N-terminally blocked peptides from the bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv by mass spectrometric analysis[J].Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry,2003,9:903-908.
[131]Huffaker,A.;Pearce,G.;Ryan,C.A.An endogenous peptide signal in Arabidopsis activates components of the innate immune response[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(26):10098-10103.
[132]Hultmark,D.;Steiner,H.;Rasmuson,T.;Boman,H.G.Insect immunity.Purification and properties of three inducible bactericidal proteins from hemolymph of immunized pupae of Hyalophora cecropia[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,1980,106(1):7-16.
[133]Ikeda,Y.;Young,L.H.;Scalia,R.;Ross,C.R.;Lefer,A.M.PR-39,a proline/arginine-rich antimicrobial peptide,exerts cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion[J].Cardiovascular Research,2001,49(1):69-77.
[134]Imler,J.L.;Bulet,P.Antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila:structures,activities and gene regulation[J].Chemical Immunology and Allergy,2005,86:1-21.
[135]Janssen,B.J.;Schirra,H.J.;Lay,F.T.;Anderson,M.A.;Craik,D.J.Structure of Petunia hybrida defensin 1,a novel plant defensin with five disulfide bonds[J].Biochemistry,2003,42(27):8214-8222.
[136]Jiang,J.;Kai,G.;Cao,X.;Chen,F.;He,D.;Liu,Q.Molecular cloning of a HMG-CoA reductase gene from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Bioscience Reports,2006,26(2):171-181.
[137]Jin,F.;Xu,X.;Wang,L.;Zhang,W.;Gu,D.Expression of recombinant hybrid peptide cecropinA(1-8)-magainin2(1-12) in Pichia pastoris:purification and characterization[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2006,50(2):147-56.
[138]Jin,F.;Xu,X.;Zhang,W.;Gu,D.Expression and characterization of a housefly cecropin gene in the methylotrophic yeast,Pichia pastoris[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2006,49(1):39-46.
[139]Jin,X.B.;Zhu,J.Y.Separating-cloning and analysis for new genes of induced Musca domestica larve[J].Biotechology,2005,15(2):5-7.
[140]Jindal,A.;,Kocherginskaya,S.;Mehboob,A.;Robert,M.;Mackie,R.I.;Raskin,L.;Zilles,J.L.Antimicrobial use and resistance in swine waste treatment systems[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2006,72(12):7813-7820.
[141]Kamel,A.;Prakash,C.High performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization/tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC/API/MS/MS) in drug metabolism and toxicology[J].Current Drug Metabolism,2006,7(8):837-852.
[142]Khardori,N.Antibiotics—past,present,and future[J].The Medical clinics of North America,2006,90(6):1049-1076.
[143]Kim,H.K.;Chun,D.S.;Kim,J.S.;Yun,C.H.;Lee,J.H.;Hong,S.K.;Kang,D.K.Expression of the cationic antirnicrobial peptide lactoferricin fused with the anionic peptide in Escherichia coli[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2006,72(2):330-338.
[144]Kitanaga,Y.;Jian,C.;Hasegawa,M.;Yazaki,J.;Kishimoto,N.;Kikuchi,S.;Nakamura,H.;Ichikawa,H.;Asami,T.;Yoshida,S.;Yamaguchi,I.;Suzuki,Y.Sequential regulation of gibberellin,brassinosteroid,and jasmonic acid biosynthesis occurs in rice coleoptiles to control the transcript levels of anti-microbial thionin genes[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,2006,70(10):2410-2419.
[145]Ko,J.H.;Chow,K.S.;Han,K.H.Transcriptome analysis reveals novel features of the molecular events occurring in the laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis(para rubber tree)[J].Plant Molecular Biology,2003,53(4):479-492.
[146]Ko,K.;Koprowski,H.Plant biopharming of monoclonal antibodies[J].Virus Research,2005,111(1):93-100.
[147]Kobayashi,S.;Chikushi,A.;Tougu,S.;Imura,Y.;Nishida,M.;Yano,Y.;Matsuzaki,K.Membrane translocation mechanism of the antimicrobial peptide buforin[J].Biochemistry,2004,43(49):15610-15616.
[148]Kokoza,V.;Ahmed,A.;Cho,W.L.;Jasinskiene,N.;James,A.A.;Raikhel,A.Engineering blood meal-activated systemic immunity in the yellow fever mosquito,Aedes aegypti[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(16):9144-9149.
[149]Koo,J.C.;Lee,S.Y.;Chun,H.J.;Cheong,Y.H.;Choi,J.S.;Kawabata,S.;Miyagi,M.;Tsunasawa,S.;Ha,K.S.;Bae,D.W.;Han,C.D.;Lee,B.L.;Cho,M.J.Two herein homologs isolated from the seed of Pharbitis nil L.exhibit potent antifungal activity[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,1998,1382(1):80-90.
[150]Koyama,T.;Tanaka,Y.Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase in rubber latex[J].Phytochemical,1996,43(4):769-772.
[151]Kragol,G.;Hoffmann,R.;Chattergoon,M.A.;Lovas,S.;Cudic,M.;Bulet,P.;Condie,B.A.;Rosengren,K.J.;Montaner,L.J.;Otvos,L,J.Identification of crucial residues for the antibacterial activity of the proline-rich peptide,pyrrhocoricin[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,2002,269(17):4226-4237.
[152]Kush,A.;Goyvaerts,E.;Chye,M.L.;Chua,N.H.Laticifer specific gene express in Hevea brasiliensis[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1990,87:1787-1790.
[153]Kwakman,P.H.;te Velde,A.A.;Vandenbroucke-Grauls,C.M.;van Deventer,S.J.;Zaat,S. A.Treatment and prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis experimental biomaterial-associated infection by bactericidal peptide[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2006,50(12):3977-3983.
[154]Lad,M.D.;Birembaut,F.;Clifton,L.A.;Frazier,R.A.;Webster,J.R.;Green,R.J.Antimicrobial peptide-lipid binding interactions and binding selectivity[J].Biophysical Journal,2007,92(10):3575-3586.
[155]Laemmli,U.K.;Favre,M.Gel electrophoresis of proteins[J].Journal of molecular biology,1973,80:575-599.
[156]Lai,R.;Liu,H.;Lee,W.H.;Zhang,Y.An anionic antimicrobial peptide from toad Bombina maxima[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2002a,295:796-799.
[157]Lai,Y.P.;Peng,Y.F.;Yu,Z.Y.;Huang,J.;Wu,Z.R.Cloning and expression of DCD-1L in Pichia pastoris[J].Progress In Biotechnology,2004,24(2):61-65.v[158]Lange,C.F.;Hancock,R.E.;Samuel,J.;Finlay,W.H.In vitro aerosol delivery and regional airway surface liquid concentration of a liposomal cationic peptide[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,2001,90(10):1647-1657.
[159]Lee,D.G.;Kim,P.I.;Park,Y.;Park,S.C.;Woo,E.R.;Hahm,K.S.Antifungal mechanism of SMAP-29(1-18) isolated from sheep myeloid mRNA against Trichosporon beigelii[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2002,295(3):591-596.
[160]Lee,H.I.;Raikhel,N.V.Prohevein is poorly processed but shows enhanced resistance to a chitin-binding fungus in transgenic tomato plants[J].Brazilian journal of medical and biological research,1995,28(7):743-750.
[161]Lee,J.Y.;Boman,A.;Sun,C.X.;Andersson,M.;Jornvall,H.;Mutt,V.;Boman,H.G.Antibacterial peptides from pig intestine:isolation of a mammalian cecropin[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1989,86(23):9159-9162.
[162]Lee,P.H.;Ohtake,T.;Zaiou,M.;Murakami,M.;Rudisill,J.A.;Lin,K.H.;Gallo,R.L.Expression of an additional cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide protects against bacterial skin infection[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2005,102(10):3750-3755.
[163]Li,W.F.;Ma,G.X.;Zhou,X.X.Apidaecin-type peptides:biodiversity,structure-function relationships and mode of action[J].Peptides,2006,27(9):2350-2359.
[164]Light,D.R.;Dennis,M.S.Rubber elongation factor from Hevea brasiliensis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1989,264(31):18608-18617.
[165]Liu,C.;Liu,Y.;Chen,S.Effects of nutrient supplements on simultaneous fermentation of nisin and lactic acid from cull potatoes[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2005,121-124:475-483.v[166]Liu,Y.J.;Cheng,C.S.;Lai,S.M.;Hsu,M.P.;Chen,C.S.;Lyu,P.C.Solution structure of the plant defensin VrD1 from mung bean and its possible role in insecticidal activity against bruchids[J].Proteins,2006,63(4):777-786.
[167]Looft,C.;Paul,S.;Philipp,U.;Regenhard,P.;Kuiper,H.;Distl,O.;Chowdhary,B.P.;Leeb,T.Sequence analysis of a 212 kb defensin gene duster on ECA 27q17[J].Gene,2006,376(2):192-198.
[168]Ludtke,S.J.;He,K.;Heller,W.T.;Harroun,T.A.;Yang,L.;Huang,H.W.Membrane pores induced by magainin[J].Biochemistry,1996,35(43):13723-13728.
[169]Manfredi,R.;Sabbatani,S.Severe Candida albicans panophthalmitis treated with all vailable and potentially effective antifungal drugs:fluconazole,liposomal amphotericin B,caspofungin,and voriconazole[J].Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases,2006,38(10):950-951.
[170]Marenah,L.;Flatt,P.R.;Orr,D.F.;Shaw,C.;Abdel-Wahab,Y.H.Skin secretions of Rana saharica frogs reveal antimicrobial peptides esculentins-1 and -1B and brevinins-1E and -2EC with novel insulin releasing activity[J].The Journal of Endocrinology,2006,188(1):1-9.
[171]Markossian,K.A.;Zamyatnin,A.A.;Kurganov,B.I.Antibacterial proline-rich oligopeptides and their target proteins[J].Biochemistry(Mosc),2004,69(10):1082-1091.
[172]Marrero,P.F.;Poulter,C.D.;Edwards,P.A.Effects of site-directed mutagenesis of the highly conserved aspartate residues in domain Ⅱof farnesyi diphosphate synthase activity[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267:21873-21878.
[173]Martins,J.C.;Maes,D.;Loris,R.;Pepermans,H.A.;Wyns,L.;Willem,R.;Verheyden,P.H NMR study of the solution structure of Ac-AMP2,a sugar binding antimicrobial protein isolated from Amaranthus caudatus[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1996,258(2):322-333.
[174]Matsuzaki,K.;Murase.O.;Fujii,N.;Miyajima,K.Translocation of a channel-forming antimicrobial peptide,magainin 2,across lipid bilayers by forming a pore[J].Biochemistry,1995,34(19):6521-6526.
[175]Matsuzaki,K.Why and how are peptide-lipid interactions utilized for self-defense?Magainins and tachyplesins as archetypes[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,1999,1462(1-2):1-10.
[176]Medina-Bolivar,F.;Wright,R.;Funk,V.;Sentz,D.;Barroso,L.;Wilkins,T.D.;Petri,W.J.;Cramer,C.L.A non-toxic lectin for antigen delivery of plant-based mucosal vaccines[J].Vaccine,2003,21(9-10):997-1005.
[177]Medzihradszky,K.F.Peptide sequence analysis[J].Methods Enzymol,2005,402:209-244.
[178]Melino,S.;Gallo,M.;Trotta,E.;Mondello,F.;Paci,M.;Petruzzelli,R.Metal-binding and nuclease activity of an antimicrobial peptide analogue of the salivary histatin[J].Biochemistry,2006,45(51):15373-15383.
[179]Menzies,B.E.;Kenoyer,A.Signal transduction and nuclear responses in Staphylococcus aureus-induced expression of human beta-defensin 3 in skin keratinocytes[J].Infection and Immunity,2006,74(12):6847-6854.
[180]Mittapalli,O.;Shukle,R.H.;Sardesai,N.;Giovanini,M.P.;Williams,C.E.Expression patterns of antibacterial genes in the Hessian fly[J].Journal Insect Physiology,2006,52(11-12):1143-1152.
[181]Niu,C.;Tian,X.Q.;Yuan,J.Antimicrobial mechanism of nisin and its application[J].Letters in Biotechnology,2006,17(5):810-813.
[182]Niyonsaba,F.;Nagaoka,I.;Ogawa,H.Human defensins and cathelicidins in the skin:beyond direct antimicrobial properties[J].Critical Reviews in Immunology,2006,26(6):545-576.
[183]Oard,S.V.;Enright,F.M.Expression of the antimicrobial peptides in plants to control phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi[J].Plant Cell Report,2006,25(6):561-572.
[184]Oh,H.;Hedberg,M.;Wade,D.;Edlund,C.Activities of synthetic hybrid peptides against anaerobic bacteria:aspects of methodology and stability[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2000,44(1):68-72.
[185]Oh,S.K.;Kang,H.;Shin,D.H.;Yang,J.;Chow,K.S.;Yeang,H.Y.;Wagner,B.;Breiteneder,H.;Han,K.H.Isolation,characterization and functional analysis of a novel cDNA clone encoding a small rubber particle protein from Hevea brasiliensis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1999,274(24):17132-17138.
[186]Ohya,N.;Tanaka,Y.;Ogura,K.Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase activity in Lactarius mushrooms[J].Phytochemical Analysis,1997,46(6):1115-1118.
[187]Oliveira,G.R.;Ribeiro,J.M.;Fraga,M.E.;Cavaglieri,L.R.;Direito,G.M.;Keller,K.M.;Dalcero,A.M.;Rosa,C.A.Mycobiota in poultry feeds and natural occurrence of aflatoxins.fumonisins and zearalenone in the Rio de Janeiro State,Brazil[J].Mycopathologia,2006,162(5):355-362.
[188]Osusky,M.;Osuska,L.;Hancock,R.E.;Kay,W.W.;Misra,S.Transgenic potatoes expressing a novel cationic peptide are resistant to late blight and pink rot[J].Transgenic Research,2004,13(2):181-190.
[189]Palacin,A.;Cumplido,J.;Figueroa,J.;Ahrazem,O.;Sanchez-Monge,R.;Carrillo,T.;Salcedo,G.;Blanco,C.Cabbage lipid transfer protein Bra o 3 is a major allergen responsible for cross-reactivity between plant foods and pollens[J].The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,2006,117(6):1423-1429.
[190]Pan,Z.;Durst,F.;Werck-Reichhart,D.;Gardner,H.W.;Camara,B.;Cornish,K.;Backhaus,R.A.The major protein of guayule rubber particles is a cytochrome P450.Characterization based on cDNA cloning and spectroscopic analysis of the solubilized enzyme and its reaction products[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1995,270(15):8487-8497.
[191]Park,C.B.;Yi,K.S.;Matsurzki,K.;Kim,M.S.;Kim,S.C.Structure-activity analysis of bufofin Ⅱ,a histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptide:the proline hinge is responsible for the cell-penetrating ability of buforin Ⅱ[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2000,97(15):8245-8250.
[192]Park,Y.;Hahm,K.S.Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs):peptide structure and mode of action[J].Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,2005,38(5):507-516.
[193]Parks,W.M.;Bottrill,A.R.;Pierrat,O.A.;Durrant,M.C.;Maxwell,A.The action of the bacterial toxin,microcin B17,on DNA gyrase[J].Biochimie,2007,89(4):500-507.
[194]Pierrat,O.A.;Maxwell,A.The action of the bacterial toxin microcin B17.Insight into the cleavage-religation reaction of DNA gyrase[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2003,278(37):35016-35023.
[195]Pietiainen,M.;Gardemeister,M.;Mecklin,M.;Leskela,S.;Sarvas,M.;Kontinen,V.P.Cationic antimicrobial peptides elicit a complex stress response in Bacillus subtilis that involves ECF-type sigma factors and two-component signal transduction systems[J].Microbiology,2005,151(Pt 5):1577-1592.
[196]Pouny,Y.;Rapaport,D.;Mor,A.;Nicolas,P.;Shai,Y.Interaction of antimicrobial dermaseptin and its fluorescently labeled analogues with phospholipid membranes[J].Biochemistry,1992,31(49):12416-12423.
[197]Prado-Montes de Oca,E.Human defensins:prophilaxis and therapy against HIV[J].Gaceta medica de Mexico,2006,142(5):431-433.
[198]Putalun,W.;Taura,F.;Qing,W.;Matsushita,H.;Tanaka,H.;Shoyama,Y.Anti-solasodine glycoside single-chain Fv antibody stimulates biosynthesis of solasodine glycoside in plants[J].Plant Cell Report,2003,22(5):344-349.
[199]Rajasekaran,K.;Cary,J.W.;Jaynes,J.M.;Cleveland,T.E.Disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants[J].Plant Biotechnology Journal,2005,3(6):545-554.
[200]Reimann-Philipp,U.;Schrader,G.;Martinoia,E.;Barkholt,V.;Apel,K.Intracellular thionins of barley.A second group of leaf thionins closely related to but distinct from cell wall-bound thionins[J].The Journal of biological chemistry,1989,264(15):8978-8984
[201]Rinaldi,A.C.Antimicrobial peptides from amphibian skin:An expanding scenario[J].Current Opinion in Chemical Biology,2002,6:799-804.
[202]Rodriguez,A.;Tablero,M.;Arreguin,B.;Hernandez,A.;Arreguin,R.;Soriano-Garcia,M.;Tulinsky,A.;Park,C.H.;Seshadri,T.P.Preliminary x-ray investigation of an orthorhombic crystal of hevein[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1988,263(9):4047-4048.
[203]Rozek,A.;Friedrich,C.L.;Hancock,R.E.Structure of the bovine antimicrobial peptide indolicidin bound to dodecylphosphocholine and sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles[J].Biochemistry,2000,39(51):15765-15774.
[204]Rudra,J.S.;Dave,K.;Haynie,D.T.Antimicrobial polypeptide multilayer nanocoatings[J].Journal of Biomaterials Science.Polymer Edition,2006,17(11):1301-1315.
[205]Ruttanapumma,R.;Anzai,M.;Takegawa,M.;Okamura,M.;Maehara,N.;Sato,K.;Yoshioka,K.;Itoh,A.;Nakamura,M.;Takehara,K.High level expression of biologically active canine interferon-alpha subtype 4 using a baculovirus[J].The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2006,68(12):1347-1349.
[206]Sader,H.S.;Fedler,K.A.;Rennie,R.P.;Stevens,S.;Jones,R.N.Omiganan pentahydrochloride(MBI 226),a topical 12-amino-acid cationic peptide:spectrum of antimicrobial activity and measurements of bactericidal activity[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2004,48(8):3112-3118.
[207]Sang,Y.;Ortega,M.T.;Blecha,F.;Prakash,O.;Melgarejo,T.Molecular cloning and characterization of three beta-defensins from canine testes[J].Infection and Immunity,2005,73(5):2611-2620.
[208]Sarker,P.;Bergman,P.;Ara,G.;Lindh,M.;Sack,D.A.;Nasirul Islam,K.M.;Gudmundsson,G.H.;Andersson,J.;Saugar,J.M.;Rodriguez-Hernandez,M.J.;de la Torre,B.G.;Pachon-Ibanez,M.E.;Fernandez-Reyes,M.;Andreu,D.;Pachon,J.;Rivas,L.Activity of cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides against colistin-resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii:molecular basis for the differential mechanisms of action[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2006,50(4):1251-1256.
[209]Saugar,J.M.;Rodriguez-Hernandez,M.J.;dela Torre,B.G.;Pachon-Ibanez,M.E.;Fernandez-Reyes,M.;Andreu,D.;Pachon,J.;Rivas,L.Activity of cecropin A-melittin hybrid peptides against colistin- resistant clinical strains of Acinetobacter baumannii:molecular basis for the differential mechanisms of action[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2006,50(4):1251-1256.
[210]Sawano,Y.;Miyakawa,T.;Yamazaki,H.;Tanokura,M.;Hatano,K.Purification,characterization,and molecular gene cloning of an antifungai protein from Ginkgo biloba seeds[J].Biological chemistry,2007,388(3):273-280.
[211]Selsted,M.E.;Tang,Y.Q.;Morris,W.L.;McGuire,P.A.;Novotny,M.J.;Smith,W.; Henschen,A.H.;Cullor,J.S.Purification,primary structures,and antibacterial activities of beta-defensins,a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1993,268(9):6641-6648.
[212]Shai,Y.;Oren,Z.From "carpet" mechanism to de-novo designed diastereomeric cell-selective antimicrobial peptides[J].Peptides,2001,22(10):1629-1641.
[213]Shai,Y,Makovitzky,A.;Avrahami,D.Host defense peptides and lipopeptides:modes of action and potential candidates for the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections[J].Current protein & Peptide Science,2006,7(6):479-486.
[214]Shai,Y.Mechanism of the binding,insertion and destabilization of phospholipid bilayer membranes by alpha-helical antimicrobial and cell non-selective membrane-lytic peptides[J].Biochimicaet Biophysica Acta,1999,1462(1-2):55-70.
[215]Sharma,A.;Sharma,R.;Imamura,M.;Yamakawa,M.;Machii,H.Transgertic expression of cecropin B,an antibacterial peptide from Bombyx mori,confers enhanced resistance to bacterial leaf blight in rice[J].FEBS Letter,2000,484(1):7-11.
[216]Shaw,J.E.;Alattia,J.R.;Verity,J.E.;Prive,G.G.;Yip,C.M.Mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide action:studies of indolicidin assembly at model membrane interfaces by in situ atomic force microscopy[J].Journal of Structural Biology,2006,154(1):42-58.
[217]Shin,S.Y.;Park,E.J.;Yang,S.T.;Jung,H.J.;Eom,S.H.;Song,W.K.;Kim,Y.;Hahm,K.S.;Kim,J.I.Structure-activity analysis of SMAP-29,a sheep leukocytes-derived antimicrobial peptide[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,2001,285(4):1046-1051.
[218]Siler,R.J.;Goodrich-Tanrikulu,M.;Cornish,K.Composition of rubber particles of Hevea brasiliensis,Parthenuim argentatum,Ficus elastica and Euphorbia lactifua indicates unconventional surface structure[J].Plant physiology and biochemistry,1997,35(11):881-889.
[219]Singh,V.;Belloir,C.;Siess,M.H.;Le,Bon,A.M.Inhibition of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in rat liver and colon by garlic powders with varying alliin content[J].Nutrition and Cancer,2006,55(2):178-184.
[220]Sivakumar,G.Bioreactor technology:a novel industrial tool for high-tech production of bioactive molecules and biopharmaceuticals from plant roots[J].Biotechnology Journal,2006,1(12):1419-1427.
[221]Stec,B.;Rao,U.;Teeter,M.M.Refinement of purothionins reveals solute particles important for lattice formation and toxicity.Part 2:structure of beta-purothionin at 1.7 A resolution[j].Acta crystallographica.Section D,Biological crystallography,1995,51:914-924.
[222]Stec,B.Plant thionins—the structural perspective[j].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2006,63(12):1370-1385.v[223]Steiner,H.;Hultmark,D.;Engstrom,A.;Bennich,H.;Boman,H.G.Sequence and specificity of two antibacterial proteins involved in insect immunity[J].Nature,1981,292(5820):246-248.
[224]Strupat,K.Molecular weight determination of peptides and proteins by ESI and MALDI[J].Methods Enzymol,2005,405:1-36.
[225]Swanson,K.;Gorodetsky,S.;Good,L.;Davis,S.;Musgrave,D.;Stelwagen,K.;.Farr,V.;Molenaar,A.Expression of a beta-defensin mRNA,lingual antimicrobial peptide,in bovine mammary epithelial tissue is induced by mastitis[J].Infection and Immunity,2004,72(12):7311-7314.
[226]Tanaka,K.;Kawahara,S.;Aik-Hwee,E.Initiation of rubber biosynthesis in Hevea brasiliensis:Characterization of initiating species by structural analysis[J].Phytochemical,1996,41(6):1501-1055.
[227]Tanaka,T.;Sato,S.;Kumura,H.;Shimazaki,K.Expression and characterization of bovine lactoperoxidase by recombinant baculovirus[J].Bioscienee,Biotechhology and Biochemistry,2003,67(10):2254-2261.
[228]Tangpakdee,J.Isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase and prenyltransferase activities in bottom fraction and c-serum from Hevea latex[J].Phytochemical,1997,45(2):261-267.
[229]Tangpakdee,T.;Tanaka,Y.Why rubber tree produce polyisoprenea possible role of nature rubber in the Hevea tree[J].Journal of Rubber Research,1998,1(2):77-83.
[230]Tangpakdee,T.;Tanaka,Y.Long-chain polyprenols and rubber in young leaves of Hevea brasiliensis[J].Phytochemical,1998,48 0):447-450.
[231]Teeter,M.M.;Roe,S.M.;Heo,N.H.Atomic resolution(0.83 A) crystal structure of the hydrophobic protein crambin at 130 K[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1993,230(1):292-311.
[232]Thevissen,K.;Kristensen,H.H.;Thomma,B.P.;Cammue,B.P.;Francois,I.E.Therapeutic potential of antifungal plant and insect defensins[J].Drug Discover Today,2007,12(21-22):966-971.
[233]Thomma,B.P.;Cammue,B.P.;Thevissen,K.Plant defensins[J].Planta,2002,216(2):193-202.
[234]Tremouilhac,P.;Strandberg,E.;Wadhwani,P.;Ulrich,A.S.Synergistic transmembrane alignment of the antimicrobial heterodimer PGLa/magainin[j].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,2006,281(43):32089-32094.
[235]Twyman,R.M.;Schillberg,S.;Fischer,R.Transgenic plants in the biopharmaceutical market[J].Expert opinion on emerging drugs,2005,10(1):185-218.
[236]Uchida,K.;Abe,S.;Yamaguchi,H.The postantifungal effect(PAFE) of itraconazole,in comparison with those of miconazole and fluconazole,on Candida Species[J].Microbiology and immunology,2006,50(9):679-685.
[237]Vernon,L.P.;Evett,G.E.;Zeikus,R.D.;Gray,W.R.A toxic thionin from Pyrularia pubera:purification,properties,and amino acid sequence[j].Archives of biochemistry and biophysics,1985,238(1):18-29.
[238]Voravuthikunchai,S.;Lortheeranuwat,A.;Jeeju,W.;Sririrak,T.;Phongpaichit,S.;Supawita,T.Effective medicinal plants against enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2004,94(1):49-54.
[239]Wang,J.X.;Zhao,X.F.;Liang,Y.L.;Li,L.;Zhang,W.;Ren,Q.;Wang,L.C.;Wang,L.Y.Molecular characterization and expression,of the antimicrobial peptide defensin from the housefly(Musca domestica)[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2006,63(24):3072-3082.
[240]Wang,W.;Cole,A.M.;Hong,T.;Waring,A.J.;Lehrer,R.I.Retrocyclin,an antiretroviral theta-defensin,is a lectin[J].Journal of immunology,2003,170(9):4708-4716.
[241]Wei,Q.;Kim,Y.S.;Seo,J.H.;Jang,W.S.;Lee,I.H.;.Cha,H.J.Facilitation of expression and purification of an antimicrobial peptide by fusion with baculoviral polyhedrin in Escherichia coli[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2005,71(9):5038-5043.
[242]Wicker,C.;Reichhart,J.M.;Hoffmann,D.;Hultmark,D.;Samakovlis,C.;Hoffmann,J.A.Insect immunity.Characterization of a Drosophila cDNA encoding a novel member of the diptericin family of immune peptides[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1990,265(36):22493-22498.
[243]Winder,D.;Gunzburg,W.H.;Erfle,V.;Salmons,B.Expression of antimicrobial peptides has an antitumour effect in human cells.Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications,1998,242(3):608-612.
[244]Wright,C.S.2.2 A resolution structure analysis of two refined N-acetylneuraminyl-lactose-wheat germ agglutinin isolectin complexes[J].Journal of Molecular Biology,1990,215(4):635-651.
[245]Wright,C.S.Crystal structure of a wheat germ agglutinin/glycophorin-sialoglycopeptide receptor complex.Structural basis for cooperative lectin-cell binding[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1992,267(20):14345-14352.
[246]Wu,D.F.;Zeng,X.S.;Zhang,Y.D.;Cheng,C.Z.;Huang,Y.D.;Zheng,X.Q.Site-directed mutagenesis of cecropin B geneand expression in insect cells[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,1999,20(3):54-58.
[247]Wu,J.;Parungo,C.;Wu,G.;Kang,P.M.;Laham,R.;Sellke,F.W.;Simons,M.;Li,J.PR39inhibits apoptosis in hypoxic endothelial cells:role of inhibitor apoptosis protein-2[J].Circulation,2004,109(13):1660-1667.
[248]Wu,M.;Hancock,R.E.Improved derivatives of bactenecin,a cyclic dodecameric antimicrobial cationic peptide[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,1999,43(5):1274-1276.
[249]Xiang,Y.;Huang,R.H.;Liu,W.;Li,G.P.;Liu,X.Z.;Wang,D.C.Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of a novel antifungal protein with five disulfide bridges from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver[J].Acta crystallographica.Section D,Biological crystallography,2002,58:1838-1840.
[250]Xiang,Y.;Huang,R.H.;Liu,X.Z.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,D.C.Crystal structure of a novel antifungal protein distinct with five disulfide bridges from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver at an atomic resolution[J].Journal Structrual Biology,2004,148(1):86-97.
[251]Xu,X.;Jin,F.;Yu,X.;Ji,S.;Wang,J.;Cheng,H.;Wang,C.;Zhang,W.Expression and purification of a recombinant antibacterial peptide,cecropin,from Escherichia coli[J].Protein Expression and Purification,2007,53(2):293-301.
[252]Yang,Y.S.;Mitta,G.;Chavanieu,A.;Calas,B.;Sanchez,J.F.;Roch,P.;Aumelas,A.Solution structure and activity of the synthetic four-disulfide bond Mediterranean mussel defensin(MGD-1)[J].Biochemistry,2000,39(47):14436-14447.
[253]Yano,A.;Takekoshi,M.Transgenic plant-derived pharmaceuticals the practical approach[J].Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy,2004,4(10):1565-1568.
[254]Yarus,S.;Rosen,J.M.;Cole,A.M.;Diamond,G.Production of active bovine tracheal antimicrobial peptide in milk of transgenic mice.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1996,93(24):14118-14121.
[255]Yatsu,L.Y.;Jacks,T.J.Spherosome membranes[J].Plant Physiology,1972,49:937-943.
[256]Yevtushenko,D.P.;Romero,R.;Forward,B.S.;Hancock,R.E.;Kay,W.W.;Misra,S.Pathogen-induced expression of a cecropin A-melittin antimicrobial peptide gene confer santifungal resistance in transgenic tobacco[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2005,56 (416):1685-1695.
[257]Yi,J.Y.;Seo,H.W.;Yang,M.S.;Robb,E.J.;Nazar,R.N.;Lee,S.W.Plant defense gene promoter enhances the reliability of shiva-1 gene-induced resistance to soft rot disease in potato[J].Planta,2004,220(1):165-171.
[258]Yu,F.L.Studies on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 inhibition of rat liver nucleolar RNA synthesis[J].The Journal of Biological Chemistry,1981,256(7):3292-3297.
[259]Yu,J.;Cleveland,T.E.;Nierman,W.C.;Bennett,J.W.Aspergillus flavus genomics:gateway to human and animal health,food safety,and crop resistance to diseases[J].Revista iberoamericana de micologia:organo de la Asociacion Espanola de Especialistasen Micologia,2005,22(4):194-202.
[260]Zaiou,M.Multifunctional antimicrobial peptides:therapeutic targets in several human diseases[J].Journal of Molecular Medicine,2007,85(4):317-329.
[261]Zasloff,M.Antimicrobial peptides of multicellular organisms[J].Nature,2002,415:389-395.
[262]Zasloff,M.Inducing endogenous antimicrobial peptides to battle infections[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2006,103(24):8913-8914.
[263]Zasloff,M.Magainins,a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin:isolation,characterization of two active forms,and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,1987,84(15):5449-5453.
[264]Zerbini,E.;Andreu,D.;Tonarelli,G.;Sequeira,M.D.In-vitroactivity of two hybrid synthetic peptides having antimicrobial activity against mycobacteria[J].Revista Argentina de Microbiologia,2006,38(4):221-223.
[265]Zhang,G.Z.;Chen,L.H.;Wang,Y.P.;Li,Z.W.;Yang,T.Y.;Li,Z.Y.Latest development of nisin's application[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,22(5):102-105.
[266]Zhang,H.;Liu,A,Y.;Loriaux,P.;Wollscheid,B.;Zhou,Y.;Watts,J.D.;.Aebersold,R.Mass spectrometric detection of tissue proteins in plasma[J].Molecular and cellular proteomics,2007,6(1):64-71.
[267]Zhang,L.;Parente,J.;Harris,S.;Woods,D.E.;Hancock,R.E.;Falla,T.J.Antimicrobial peptide therapeutics for cystic fibrosis[J].Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2005,49(7):2921-2927.
[268]Zhao,D.G.;Liu,Y.;Zhu,Y.Y.;Gao,Y.Q.;Zhou,M.B.;Feng,Y.The effect of Eucommia ulmoides farnesyl pyrophosphate synthese gene on volatile constituents of transgenic tobacco[C].11th the International Association for Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology Congress,2006,August,13-18,p115.Beijing,China.
[269]Zheng,Q.;Huang,Z.R.;Yao,R.H.;Su,Z.H.;Zheng,X.Q.;Wang,Y.G.Expression of synthetic cecropin AD genein yeast[J].Acta Sericological Sinica,1999,25(3):175-180.
[270]Zhou,M.;Chen,T.;Walker,B.;Shaw,C.Lividins:novel antimicrobial peptide homologs from the skin secretion of the Chinese Large Odorous frog,Rana(Odorrana) livida.Identification by "shotgun" cDNA cloning and sequence analysis[J].Peptides,2006,27(9):2118-2123.
[271]Zhou,X.X.;Li,W.F.;Xu,Z.R.Biosynthesis and its regulation of nisin[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2005,5(1):86-92.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |