摩擦电选机中矿粒动力学特性的研究与分析
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摘要
电选是一种有效的物理选矿方法。它与其它物理和化学选矿方法相比有其独特的优点,比如：电选具有流程简单、经济、不产生废水、不会对环境产生污染。因此,对电选的研究和应用也越来越深入和广泛。
目前,电选的发展趋势主要体现在研制新型、高效率、大处理量、多品种的电选设备；研究矿物在电选过程中的动力学特性、矿物表面的能级结构以及物料的表面处理技术对矿物电选过程的影响等。
本文以摩擦辊式电选机和振动式摩擦电选机为研究对象,建立了矿物在摩擦电选机的摩擦荷电装置中摩擦荷电量的数学模型,并对荷电矿粒在摩擦电选机高压静电腔中的运动轨迹进行了理论分析,并通过实验测试了荷电矿粒在高压静电腔中的动力学特性,对理论研究结果进行了验证。为摩擦电选机的工业应用打下了基础。
矿粒进入摩擦辊式电选机或振动式摩擦电选机以后,首先经过摩擦辊式电选机或振动式摩擦电选机上的摩擦荷电装置。介电常数不同的矿粒在摩擦荷电装置中通过矿粒与矿粒之间的接触、摩擦、碰撞而带电；或是矿粒与摩擦荷电装置上的某种材料接触、摩擦、碰撞而带电。本文对矿粒的摩擦荷电量进行了研究,并建立了矿粒经过摩擦荷电装置后摩擦荷电量的数学模型。矿粒摩擦荷电量的数学模型反映了矿粒的荷电量与矿粒的粒度、质量、密度以及矿粒固有的物理和化学性质之间的关系。
摩擦荷电后的矿粒通过矿粒分配器进入高压静电腔,在高压静电腔中进行分选。根据同性相斥、异性相吸的原理,带正电荷的矿粒向高压静电腔的负极板运动、带负电荷的矿粒向高压静电腔的正极板运动、不带电荷的矿粒不受电场力的影响,在重力和气流推力的作用下作铅垂向下的运动。在高压静电腔的下部设置有分矿板,用于收集被分离出来的精矿、中矿和尾矿。本文对矿粒在高压静电腔中的受力进行了分析,并建立了荷电矿粒在高压静电腔中受力的力学模型。得出了矿粒的动力学特性与矿粒摩擦荷电量、电场强度、矿粒的质量以及气流推力之间的关系。对矿粒在高压静电腔中的运动轨迹进行了理论分析。
在理论分析的基础上,在摩擦辊式电选机中考虑摩擦辊的转速、气流的速度、矿粒的粒度以及电场强度对矿粒运动轨迹的影响。在振动式摩擦电选机中考虑摩擦荷电槽的振动频率、摩擦荷电槽的外加电场、气流的速度、矿粒的粒度以及电场强度对矿粒运动轨迹的影响。对以上影响因素分别进行了实验分析,所得的结果与理论研究结果基本相符
通过分析矿粒在摩擦辊式电选机和振动式摩擦电选机中的动力学特性对摩擦电选机的工业设计和应用具有重要的意义。
Electric separation is a very high efficiency physical separation. Electric separation is better than other methods which are physical and chemical mineral processing, for example electric separation is easy to run, economical, doesn't produce waste water and friendly to environment, so researched and applied on electric separation will be more and more in-depth and extensive.
At present, main trends of electric separation are research new types, high-efficiency, big processing capacity and more varieties equipments; Researched on the dynamics characteristic of mineral particles in the process of electric separation, structure of energy level of particles'surface and the technology of mineral's surface treatment which influences the process of electric separation and so on.
Base on studying the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator and the vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, this paper establishes mathematical model which is particles in the tribocharging device of triboelectrostatic separator, analyses charged particles'trajectories which in the high-voltage electrostatic field of the triboelectrostatic separator, testes the charged particles'trajectories in the the high-voltage electrostatic field using experiments, so theoretical results are proved in this paper, and build the foundation of triboelectrostatic separators that will be applied in industry.
After particles come into the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator or the vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, first of all, they pass through the tribocharging device of the triboelectrostatic separator. Particles which have different dielectric constant will be charged by particles contact, friction and impact with each other or particles contact, friction and impact with a material surface of the tribocharging device. Particles'tribocharge electricity is researched in this paper, and deduced the mathematical model which is particles in the tribocharging device of triboelectrostatic separator, The mathematical model pointes out the relationship of particle's size、mass、density、physics and chemistry's inherent characters with tribocharge electricity of particles.
Charged particles reach into the high-voltage electrostatic field from the distributor, they are separated in there. According to the principle of the same charges will be excluded, and different charges will be attracted, positive charged particles move to the negative plate in the high-voltage electrostatic field, and negative charged particles move to the positive plate; electric field force doesn't influence particles which doesn't charged, those particles trajectories are vertical line in the high-voltage electrostatic field. In the high-voltage electrostatic field bottom particles are separated three products which are concentrate, middling and tailing. This paper analyses the forced on particles in the high-voltage electrostatic field, establishes force model which charged particles are forced in the high-voltage electrostatic field, deduces the relationships with particle's tribocharge electricity, electric field intension, particle's mass, airflow's traction on particle's forced, and theoretical analyses about particles trajectories in the high-voltage electrostatic field.
On the basis of the theoretical analysis, considering those factors that include roller rotary speed, airflow's speed, particle's size, electric field intension influence particles'separated trajectories in the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator; and considering those factors that include vibration's frequency of the tribocharging device, electric field intension of the tribocharging device、airflow's speed, particle's size, electric field intension influence particles'separated trajectories in vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, this paper using the experimental analysis to proved the theoretical study results.
Researched and analysed dynamics characteristic of mineral particles in two types triboelectrostatic separator which are the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator and the vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, which are signality for industrial design and application of triboelectrostatic separators.
目前,电选的发展趋势主要体现在研制新型、高效率、大处理量、多品种的电选设备；研究矿物在电选过程中的动力学特性、矿物表面的能级结构以及物料的表面处理技术对矿物电选过程的影响等。
本文以摩擦辊式电选机和振动式摩擦电选机为研究对象,建立了矿物在摩擦电选机的摩擦荷电装置中摩擦荷电量的数学模型,并对荷电矿粒在摩擦电选机高压静电腔中的运动轨迹进行了理论分析,并通过实验测试了荷电矿粒在高压静电腔中的动力学特性,对理论研究结果进行了验证。为摩擦电选机的工业应用打下了基础。
矿粒进入摩擦辊式电选机或振动式摩擦电选机以后,首先经过摩擦辊式电选机或振动式摩擦电选机上的摩擦荷电装置。介电常数不同的矿粒在摩擦荷电装置中通过矿粒与矿粒之间的接触、摩擦、碰撞而带电；或是矿粒与摩擦荷电装置上的某种材料接触、摩擦、碰撞而带电。本文对矿粒的摩擦荷电量进行了研究,并建立了矿粒经过摩擦荷电装置后摩擦荷电量的数学模型。矿粒摩擦荷电量的数学模型反映了矿粒的荷电量与矿粒的粒度、质量、密度以及矿粒固有的物理和化学性质之间的关系。
摩擦荷电后的矿粒通过矿粒分配器进入高压静电腔,在高压静电腔中进行分选。根据同性相斥、异性相吸的原理,带正电荷的矿粒向高压静电腔的负极板运动、带负电荷的矿粒向高压静电腔的正极板运动、不带电荷的矿粒不受电场力的影响,在重力和气流推力的作用下作铅垂向下的运动。在高压静电腔的下部设置有分矿板,用于收集被分离出来的精矿、中矿和尾矿。本文对矿粒在高压静电腔中的受力进行了分析,并建立了荷电矿粒在高压静电腔中受力的力学模型。得出了矿粒的动力学特性与矿粒摩擦荷电量、电场强度、矿粒的质量以及气流推力之间的关系。对矿粒在高压静电腔中的运动轨迹进行了理论分析。
在理论分析的基础上,在摩擦辊式电选机中考虑摩擦辊的转速、气流的速度、矿粒的粒度以及电场强度对矿粒运动轨迹的影响。在振动式摩擦电选机中考虑摩擦荷电槽的振动频率、摩擦荷电槽的外加电场、气流的速度、矿粒的粒度以及电场强度对矿粒运动轨迹的影响。对以上影响因素分别进行了实验分析,所得的结果与理论研究结果基本相符
通过分析矿粒在摩擦辊式电选机和振动式摩擦电选机中的动力学特性对摩擦电选机的工业设计和应用具有重要的意义。
Electric separation is a very high efficiency physical separation. Electric separation is better than other methods which are physical and chemical mineral processing, for example electric separation is easy to run, economical, doesn't produce waste water and friendly to environment, so researched and applied on electric separation will be more and more in-depth and extensive.
At present, main trends of electric separation are research new types, high-efficiency, big processing capacity and more varieties equipments; Researched on the dynamics characteristic of mineral particles in the process of electric separation, structure of energy level of particles'surface and the technology of mineral's surface treatment which influences the process of electric separation and so on.
Base on studying the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator and the vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, this paper establishes mathematical model which is particles in the tribocharging device of triboelectrostatic separator, analyses charged particles'trajectories which in the high-voltage electrostatic field of the triboelectrostatic separator, testes the charged particles'trajectories in the the high-voltage electrostatic field using experiments, so theoretical results are proved in this paper, and build the foundation of triboelectrostatic separators that will be applied in industry.
After particles come into the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator or the vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, first of all, they pass through the tribocharging device of the triboelectrostatic separator. Particles which have different dielectric constant will be charged by particles contact, friction and impact with each other or particles contact, friction and impact with a material surface of the tribocharging device. Particles'tribocharge electricity is researched in this paper, and deduced the mathematical model which is particles in the tribocharging device of triboelectrostatic separator, The mathematical model pointes out the relationship of particle's size、mass、density、physics and chemistry's inherent characters with tribocharge electricity of particles.
Charged particles reach into the high-voltage electrostatic field from the distributor, they are separated in there. According to the principle of the same charges will be excluded, and different charges will be attracted, positive charged particles move to the negative plate in the high-voltage electrostatic field, and negative charged particles move to the positive plate; electric field force doesn't influence particles which doesn't charged, those particles trajectories are vertical line in the high-voltage electrostatic field. In the high-voltage electrostatic field bottom particles are separated three products which are concentrate, middling and tailing. This paper analyses the forced on particles in the high-voltage electrostatic field, establishes force model which charged particles are forced in the high-voltage electrostatic field, deduces the relationships with particle's tribocharge electricity, electric field intension, particle's mass, airflow's traction on particle's forced, and theoretical analyses about particles trajectories in the high-voltage electrostatic field.
On the basis of the theoretical analysis, considering those factors that include roller rotary speed, airflow's speed, particle's size, electric field intension influence particles'separated trajectories in the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator; and considering those factors that include vibration's frequency of the tribocharging device, electric field intension of the tribocharging device、airflow's speed, particle's size, electric field intension influence particles'separated trajectories in vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, this paper using the experimental analysis to proved the theoretical study results.
Researched and analysed dynamics characteristic of mineral particles in two types triboelectrostatic separator which are the charger-roller triboelectrostatic separator and the vibration-triboelectrostatic separator, which are signality for industrial design and application of triboelectrostatic separators.
引文
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