准预裂爆破技术研究与应用
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摘要
在土石方工程量很大的爆破工程中,如果最终边坡均严格按照预裂爆破的工艺和技术要求标准实施,其工程造价会显著增加。然而对于重要的土石方爆破工程采用预裂爆破技术是必然的,如重要的水利水电工程、特殊工程等,该技术的实施可以确保工程的安全可靠运行和使用,极大的降低工程边坡存在的片帮、滑坡、滚石、泥石流等灾害,最终达到边坡或壁面光滑、稳定的效果。对于公路土石方爆破如果对预裂爆破技术进行改进后,且能够接近该技术的基本要求和设计、施工规范,将会极大地降低该爆破技术的成本,而且也能提高施工进度。因此,利用现有的爆破技术和爆破理论、爆破器材对预裂爆破技术进行改进,对边坡实施爆破后既能满足某种指标要求又能降低成本的爆破技术称为准预裂爆破技术。
传统意义上的预裂爆破技术的实施程序是首先起爆预裂炮孔,然后依次起爆主爆破区内的炮孔以及缓冲炮孔;而准预裂爆破技术的实施是首先起爆缓冲孔,然后起爆预裂炮孔,最后依次起爆主爆区内的炮孔。在传统意义上的预裂爆破技术设计中,预裂炮孔间距一般设计为钻孔直径的7-12倍,准预裂爆破中预裂炮孔间距系数取为钻孔直径的11-18倍以上,增加50%以上,从而降低爆破成本。降低爆破振动对边坡以及边坡外保留岩体的影响是采取预裂爆破的主要目的之一。由于爆破振动大小与最大单响药量密切相关,因此在课题研究和实践过程中,
本论文将重点从爆破振动信号分析入手,通过对保留边坡爆破振动信号的数值特点及其变化规律进行分析,在保证爆破振动满足保护边坡稳定性的前提下,探寻在同一爆破区域、微差时间以及其它参数不变的情况下,缓冲孔设计参数和预裂孔参数变化时,对于爆破效果的影响,从而寻求相对合理的缓冲孔和预裂孔设计参数,并为预裂孔线装药密度设计提供支持;论文以草南高速公路准预裂爆破实验与爆破振动监测为基础进行准预裂爆破技术研究,为优化缓冲孔和预裂孔设计参数提供依据。
In a large number of earth and rock blasting works,If the final slope are in strict accordance with blasting process and technical requirements of the standard implementation, It would be a significant increase in the cost of project. However, for important and rock blasting works with blasting is necessary, As important and hydroelectric projects, special projects, the implementation can ensure safe and reliable operation of the project and use, significantly reduces the slope of spalling, landslide and the rolling stones and debris flow, and other disasters and ultimately achieve slope or wall smooth, stable effect. If Rock Blasting for road blasting technology improvements, and to close the basic requirements of the technology and design, construction specifications, will greatly reduce the cost of the blasting, but also can improve the construction schedule. Therefore, the use of the existing blasting and blast theory, explosive material on blasting process improvement, on the slope of the bursting of the implementation that meets a certain index requirements and reduce the cost of blasting technique known as prospective blasting.
In the traditional sense of the blasting of the implementation of the program is the first initiation blasting holes, and then detonating main blasting the hole and buffering the hole; and prospective blasting of implementation is the first buffer holes, and then detonating explosive blasting holes, finally turn initiation primary explosive blast-hole in the region. In the traditional sense of the blasting design, blasting hole spacing General design for borehole diameter of 7-12 times, blasting in blasting hole spacing factor off for drill diameter of 11-18 times, increased by 50% or more, resulting in lower cost of blasting.
Lower blasting vibration on the slope and the slope of the foreign reserves of the impact of rock blasting one of the main purposes of. Due to the blast vibration size and maximum single dose are closely related, so in the research and practice, this paper will focus from blast vibration signal analysis, searching for the blasting area, within the same millisecond time as well as other parameters fixed, the buffer hole design parameters and pre hiatus parameter change, through retaining slope blast vibration signals numeric features and changes for analysis so relatively reasonable buffer holes and tears design parameters and for hiatus line charge density design provides support to minimize blast vibration and protective purpose of slope stability; Papers to blast vibration test technique combined with vibration signal processing technology as the Foundation for research, for optimized buffer holes and tears design parameters.
传统意义上的预裂爆破技术的实施程序是首先起爆预裂炮孔,然后依次起爆主爆破区内的炮孔以及缓冲炮孔;而准预裂爆破技术的实施是首先起爆缓冲孔,然后起爆预裂炮孔,最后依次起爆主爆区内的炮孔。在传统意义上的预裂爆破技术设计中,预裂炮孔间距一般设计为钻孔直径的7-12倍,准预裂爆破中预裂炮孔间距系数取为钻孔直径的11-18倍以上,增加50%以上,从而降低爆破成本。降低爆破振动对边坡以及边坡外保留岩体的影响是采取预裂爆破的主要目的之一。由于爆破振动大小与最大单响药量密切相关,因此在课题研究和实践过程中,
本论文将重点从爆破振动信号分析入手,通过对保留边坡爆破振动信号的数值特点及其变化规律进行分析,在保证爆破振动满足保护边坡稳定性的前提下,探寻在同一爆破区域、微差时间以及其它参数不变的情况下,缓冲孔设计参数和预裂孔参数变化时,对于爆破效果的影响,从而寻求相对合理的缓冲孔和预裂孔设计参数,并为预裂孔线装药密度设计提供支持;论文以草南高速公路准预裂爆破实验与爆破振动监测为基础进行准预裂爆破技术研究,为优化缓冲孔和预裂孔设计参数提供依据。
In a large number of earth and rock blasting works,If the final slope are in strict accordance with blasting process and technical requirements of the standard implementation, It would be a significant increase in the cost of project. However, for important and rock blasting works with blasting is necessary, As important and hydroelectric projects, special projects, the implementation can ensure safe and reliable operation of the project and use, significantly reduces the slope of spalling, landslide and the rolling stones and debris flow, and other disasters and ultimately achieve slope or wall smooth, stable effect. If Rock Blasting for road blasting technology improvements, and to close the basic requirements of the technology and design, construction specifications, will greatly reduce the cost of the blasting, but also can improve the construction schedule. Therefore, the use of the existing blasting and blast theory, explosive material on blasting process improvement, on the slope of the bursting of the implementation that meets a certain index requirements and reduce the cost of blasting technique known as prospective blasting.
In the traditional sense of the blasting of the implementation of the program is the first initiation blasting holes, and then detonating main blasting the hole and buffering the hole; and prospective blasting of implementation is the first buffer holes, and then detonating explosive blasting holes, finally turn initiation primary explosive blast-hole in the region. In the traditional sense of the blasting design, blasting hole spacing General design for borehole diameter of 7-12 times, blasting in blasting hole spacing factor off for drill diameter of 11-18 times, increased by 50% or more, resulting in lower cost of blasting.
Lower blasting vibration on the slope and the slope of the foreign reserves of the impact of rock blasting one of the main purposes of. Due to the blast vibration size and maximum single dose are closely related, so in the research and practice, this paper will focus from blast vibration signal analysis, searching for the blasting area, within the same millisecond time as well as other parameters fixed, the buffer hole design parameters and pre hiatus parameter change, through retaining slope blast vibration signals numeric features and changes for analysis so relatively reasonable buffer holes and tears design parameters and for hiatus line charge density design provides support to minimize blast vibration and protective purpose of slope stability; Papers to blast vibration test technique combined with vibration signal processing technology as the Foundation for research, for optimized buffer holes and tears design parameters.
引文
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