内蒙古典型草原不同放牧强度下土壤微生物与土壤肥力关系的研究
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摘要
本文以位于内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗西部,达里诺尔自然保护区内的典型草原为研究对象,将典型草原划分为四个不同放牧强度,分析了草原生态系统中主要土壤微生物类群数量、微生物生物量、土壤酶活性和土壤理化因子等的季节动态变化、它们之间的相关性以及放牧强度对他们的影响。旨在为草地土壤肥力科学评价提供微生物方面的科学依据。主要研究结果如下:
1.内蒙古典型草原土壤中各类群微生物数量有一定差异,其数量关系是细菌﹥氨化菌﹥自生固氮菌﹥放线菌﹥反硝化细菌﹥真菌﹥硝化细菌;对照区、轻牧区、中牧区土壤微生物总数在各季节均高于重牧区;土壤微生物总数的大小顺序为:8月(夏)>10月(秋)>5月(春)>3月(冬)。
2.土壤微生物生物量受放牧强度和季节变化影响很明显。轻牧区微生物生物量碳、氮含量均高于其它样区,微生物生物量碳、氮的含量在8月(夏)、10月(秋)相对较高。
3.各种酶活性的变化受放牧强度和季节的综合影响。对照区和轻度放牧区降低了土壤多酚氧化酶的活性,而保持较高的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性。重度放牧则增加了多酚氧化酶活性,而脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性明显降低。
4.不同放牧强度下土壤呼吸强度整体上表现出随着放牧强度的增加而减小的趋势,且差异极显著。
5.随着放牧强度的增大,土壤含水量降低,pH值升高,有机质、速效氮含量降低。
6.相关性分析表明,不同放牧强度下微生物总数、各类群微生物数量分别与土壤微生物生物量碳、氮呈显著或极显著正相关,表明土壤微生物是土壤质量评价中的一项重要指标。另外,土壤生态系统中土壤微生物与土壤酶、土壤养分之间相互依存,相互影响。
The paper studies on the typical steppe inside Dalinuoer National Nature Reserve, west of Keshenketeng County in ChiFeng Inner Mongolian. The typical grassland shall be divided into four parts with different grazing intensities; this study analyses the seasonal change , inter-relationship and over-grazing impacts on the specimen quantity of main soil microorganism, soil microbial biomass of microorganism, activity of soil enzyme and soil physical-chemical factors etc in grassland ecosystem. Its aim is to provide the scientific basis in microorganism respect for the grassland soil fertility scientific assessment.
1. The quantity of various microorganism varies to some extent in the Inner Mongolia steppe, their quantity relationship ranks as bacteria﹥ammonifier﹥nitrogen fixating bacteria﹥actinomyces﹥Denitrifying bacteria﹥fungi﹥nitrobacteria; The total quantity of soil microorganism in control area, light grazing, and heavy grazing is more than that of heavy grazing area; the total quantity of soil microorganism ranks as August(Summer)>October(Autumn)>May(Spring)>March(Winter).
2. The soil microbial biomass has the distinct reaction under the impact of grazing intensity and seasonal change. The soil microbial biomass in light grazing area has higher percentage of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen than that in other areas. The percentage of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen is relatively high in August (summer) and October (winter).
3. The soil enzymatic activities are diverse under the comprehensive impacts of grazing intensity and seasonal change. The control area and light grazing area is with low activity of oil polyphenol oxidase and high activity of soil urease, catalase, and protease. However, heavy grazing area is with increased polyphenol oxidase activity and drastically reduced soil urease, catalase, and protease.
4. Under different grazing intensity, soil respiration intensity represents the trend of decreasing as the increase of grazing intensity; in addition, the change is obvious.
5. With the increase of grazing intensity, the water percentage in soil will decrease with corresponding increasing of PH and decreasing of soil organic matter content and alkaline-N.
6. The relative analysis shows that under different grazing intensity, the total quantity of soil microorganism, the quantity of various microorganisms has obvious and much obvious relationship with soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen respectively. Moreover, soil microorganism and soil enzyme in soil ecosystem is inter-independent and interact ional.
1.内蒙古典型草原土壤中各类群微生物数量有一定差异,其数量关系是细菌﹥氨化菌﹥自生固氮菌﹥放线菌﹥反硝化细菌﹥真菌﹥硝化细菌;对照区、轻牧区、中牧区土壤微生物总数在各季节均高于重牧区;土壤微生物总数的大小顺序为:8月(夏)>10月(秋)>5月(春)>3月(冬)。
2.土壤微生物生物量受放牧强度和季节变化影响很明显。轻牧区微生物生物量碳、氮含量均高于其它样区,微生物生物量碳、氮的含量在8月(夏)、10月(秋)相对较高。
3.各种酶活性的变化受放牧强度和季节的综合影响。对照区和轻度放牧区降低了土壤多酚氧化酶的活性,而保持较高的脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性。重度放牧则增加了多酚氧化酶活性,而脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蛋白酶活性明显降低。
4.不同放牧强度下土壤呼吸强度整体上表现出随着放牧强度的增加而减小的趋势,且差异极显著。
5.随着放牧强度的增大,土壤含水量降低,pH值升高,有机质、速效氮含量降低。
6.相关性分析表明,不同放牧强度下微生物总数、各类群微生物数量分别与土壤微生物生物量碳、氮呈显著或极显著正相关,表明土壤微生物是土壤质量评价中的一项重要指标。另外,土壤生态系统中土壤微生物与土壤酶、土壤养分之间相互依存,相互影响。
The paper studies on the typical steppe inside Dalinuoer National Nature Reserve, west of Keshenketeng County in ChiFeng Inner Mongolian. The typical grassland shall be divided into four parts with different grazing intensities; this study analyses the seasonal change , inter-relationship and over-grazing impacts on the specimen quantity of main soil microorganism, soil microbial biomass of microorganism, activity of soil enzyme and soil physical-chemical factors etc in grassland ecosystem. Its aim is to provide the scientific basis in microorganism respect for the grassland soil fertility scientific assessment.
1. The quantity of various microorganism varies to some extent in the Inner Mongolia steppe, their quantity relationship ranks as bacteria﹥ammonifier﹥nitrogen fixating bacteria﹥actinomyces﹥Denitrifying bacteria﹥fungi﹥nitrobacteria; The total quantity of soil microorganism in control area, light grazing, and heavy grazing is more than that of heavy grazing area; the total quantity of soil microorganism ranks as August(Summer)>October(Autumn)>May(Spring)>March(Winter).
2. The soil microbial biomass has the distinct reaction under the impact of grazing intensity and seasonal change. The soil microbial biomass in light grazing area has higher percentage of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen than that in other areas. The percentage of soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen is relatively high in August (summer) and October (winter).
3. The soil enzymatic activities are diverse under the comprehensive impacts of grazing intensity and seasonal change. The control area and light grazing area is with low activity of oil polyphenol oxidase and high activity of soil urease, catalase, and protease. However, heavy grazing area is with increased polyphenol oxidase activity and drastically reduced soil urease, catalase, and protease.
4. Under different grazing intensity, soil respiration intensity represents the trend of decreasing as the increase of grazing intensity; in addition, the change is obvious.
5. With the increase of grazing intensity, the water percentage in soil will decrease with corresponding increasing of PH and decreasing of soil organic matter content and alkaline-N.
6. The relative analysis shows that under different grazing intensity, the total quantity of soil microorganism, the quantity of various microorganisms has obvious and much obvious relationship with soil microbial biomass carbon and soil microbial biomass nitrogen respectively. Moreover, soil microorganism and soil enzyme in soil ecosystem is inter-independent and interact ional.
引文
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