农业水资源效用评价研究
摘要
水资源短缺和浪费并存是我国农业水资源利用面临的主要问题,而农业尤其是灌溉农业是我国未来最具节水潜力的领域,是实现水资源高效利用的重要领域。农业水资源的多功能性决定了农业水资源效用不仅体现在经济效益上,还应体现在社会效益和环境效益等方面。正确合理的评价农业水资源效用,能够评估区域农业水资源开发利用程度,引导区域农业水资源利用发展方向,并进而促进整个区域的可持续发展。目前国内外并没有成熟的理论和方法。因此,开展农业水资源效用评价研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。
本文以可持续发展理论、生态—经济—社会耦合发展理论和区域资源配置局部均衡理论为基础,对农业水资源效用评价进行了系统研究,初步构建了农业水资源效用评价体系和方法,并以海河流域大兴灌区为例进行了案例研究。
首先,在分析自然资源的功能的基础上,界定了农业水资源效用内涵,提出了农业水资源综合效用评价指标体系及其评价方法,研究了农业水资源效用价值的内涵和评估方法。
其次,提出了基于水文模型模拟结果的农业水资源效用评价系统,该系统以区域水循环为基础和纽带,由农业水资源综合效用评价和效用价值估算两个体系有机构成。系统选择SWAT模型模拟灌区尺度的蒸散发过程,并简化了作物产量的估算方式。应用大兴灌区的蒸散发、作物产量等对SWAT模型进行了率定和验证,结果表明SWAT模型可以作为基础模型,应用到农业水资源效用评价系统中。?
第三,探讨了农业水资源效用评价的尺度效应及转换关系。以灌溉水循环为基础,从理论上探讨了不同尺度上水分利用效率和水分生产效率的尺度效应及转换关系。在此基础上,文章利用SWAT模型对大兴灌区水文循环模拟结果专门对ET水分生产效率的尺度效应和转换关系进行了定量分析。
论文有一定的创新性,主要体现在:?
(1)从农业水资源的服务功能出发,界定了农业水资源效用的内涵和外延,并以此为基础构建了农业水资源效用评价体系;?
(2)以区域水循环为基础,提出农业水资源效用评价系统,主要包括农业水资源综合效用评价和效用价值估算;?
(3)解释了农业水资源效用价值的经济学含义,提出了农业水资源效用价值的估算方法。?
Coexistence between water shortages and wasting and water pollution are main problems existing in water resources development and utilization in China. These problems are becoming the constraint on national sustainable development. Agriculture sector is the first place among all economic sectors on water consumption. Unfortunately, water problems are even more serious in agriculture sector, which also means that agriculture sector is the field of the most water-saving potential. Due to Versatility of agricultural water resources, the utility of agricultural water resources (UAW) are made up of not only economic benefits but also social and environmental benefits. Assessing UAW scientifically and reasonably can correctly guide the development direction of agricultural water using and promote regional sustainable development. Since, however, there is not mature theory and method on the assessment of UAW, Study on assessment of UAW has the important theoretical and practical significance.
In this paper, with the guide of the theory of Sustainable Development, EESCD and Partial Equilibrium, we did study systematically on the assessment of UAW.
Firstly, form human activities of water resources development and utilization, people can receive four services. Based on these basic services, this paper defined the nature of UAW and its manifestation. UAW is the comprehension of social benefits, economic benefits and environmental benefits resulted from human activities of water resources development and utilization. Based on the nature define of UAW, this paper constructed the assessment index system of UAW, proposed Theory and Methods on value estimation of UAW.
Secondly, regarding nature of UAW as the core and starting point, this paper constructed assessment System of Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources (ASUAW) based on the hydrological cycle. By using the hydrological modeling for regional hydrological cycle as link, ASUAW combined the assessment of integrated utility of agricultural water with value estimation. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was introduced into ASUAW to be the tool of the hydrological modeling. Using SWAT, ASUAW can model evaporation process and output of crops. ASUAW was calibrated and validated with observed ET and crop yields form Daxing irrigation area. The simulated processes coincide with the observed processes, which mean ASUAW can use the hydrological modeling result of SWAT to assess UAW.
Thirdly, this paper tried to discuss scale effect of UAW and their conversion relation among different scales. Based on irrigation water cycle, WUE was emphatically discussed.
In this paper, we try to do some innovation as fellow:
First, starting from service functions of agricultural water resources, the nature of UAW and its manifestation were defined. Based on this, theory and methods of assessment of UAW are proposed.
Second, According to the economics perspective, this paper tried to explain the source and nature of utility value of agricultural water resource. By using of idea of opportunity cost, the method on value estimation of agricultural water resources were proposed.
?Third, based on the hydrological cycle, ASUAW are constructed, which has two main jobs: assessing the integrated utility of agricultural water, estimating utility value of agricultural water.
本文以可持续发展理论、生态—经济—社会耦合发展理论和区域资源配置局部均衡理论为基础,对农业水资源效用评价进行了系统研究,初步构建了农业水资源效用评价体系和方法,并以海河流域大兴灌区为例进行了案例研究。
首先,在分析自然资源的功能的基础上,界定了农业水资源效用内涵,提出了农业水资源综合效用评价指标体系及其评价方法,研究了农业水资源效用价值的内涵和评估方法。
其次,提出了基于水文模型模拟结果的农业水资源效用评价系统,该系统以区域水循环为基础和纽带,由农业水资源综合效用评价和效用价值估算两个体系有机构成。系统选择SWAT模型模拟灌区尺度的蒸散发过程,并简化了作物产量的估算方式。应用大兴灌区的蒸散发、作物产量等对SWAT模型进行了率定和验证,结果表明SWAT模型可以作为基础模型,应用到农业水资源效用评价系统中。?
第三,探讨了农业水资源效用评价的尺度效应及转换关系。以灌溉水循环为基础,从理论上探讨了不同尺度上水分利用效率和水分生产效率的尺度效应及转换关系。在此基础上,文章利用SWAT模型对大兴灌区水文循环模拟结果专门对ET水分生产效率的尺度效应和转换关系进行了定量分析。
论文有一定的创新性,主要体现在:?
(1)从农业水资源的服务功能出发,界定了农业水资源效用的内涵和外延,并以此为基础构建了农业水资源效用评价体系;?
(2)以区域水循环为基础,提出农业水资源效用评价系统,主要包括农业水资源综合效用评价和效用价值估算;?
(3)解释了农业水资源效用价值的经济学含义,提出了农业水资源效用价值的估算方法。?
Coexistence between water shortages and wasting and water pollution are main problems existing in water resources development and utilization in China. These problems are becoming the constraint on national sustainable development. Agriculture sector is the first place among all economic sectors on water consumption. Unfortunately, water problems are even more serious in agriculture sector, which also means that agriculture sector is the field of the most water-saving potential. Due to Versatility of agricultural water resources, the utility of agricultural water resources (UAW) are made up of not only economic benefits but also social and environmental benefits. Assessing UAW scientifically and reasonably can correctly guide the development direction of agricultural water using and promote regional sustainable development. Since, however, there is not mature theory and method on the assessment of UAW, Study on assessment of UAW has the important theoretical and practical significance.
In this paper, with the guide of the theory of Sustainable Development, EESCD and Partial Equilibrium, we did study systematically on the assessment of UAW.
Firstly, form human activities of water resources development and utilization, people can receive four services. Based on these basic services, this paper defined the nature of UAW and its manifestation. UAW is the comprehension of social benefits, economic benefits and environmental benefits resulted from human activities of water resources development and utilization. Based on the nature define of UAW, this paper constructed the assessment index system of UAW, proposed Theory and Methods on value estimation of UAW.
Secondly, regarding nature of UAW as the core and starting point, this paper constructed assessment System of Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources (ASUAW) based on the hydrological cycle. By using the hydrological modeling for regional hydrological cycle as link, ASUAW combined the assessment of integrated utility of agricultural water with value estimation. SWAT (soil and water assessment tool) was introduced into ASUAW to be the tool of the hydrological modeling. Using SWAT, ASUAW can model evaporation process and output of crops. ASUAW was calibrated and validated with observed ET and crop yields form Daxing irrigation area. The simulated processes coincide with the observed processes, which mean ASUAW can use the hydrological modeling result of SWAT to assess UAW.
Thirdly, this paper tried to discuss scale effect of UAW and their conversion relation among different scales. Based on irrigation water cycle, WUE was emphatically discussed.
In this paper, we try to do some innovation as fellow:
First, starting from service functions of agricultural water resources, the nature of UAW and its manifestation were defined. Based on this, theory and methods of assessment of UAW are proposed.
Second, According to the economics perspective, this paper tried to explain the source and nature of utility value of agricultural water resource. By using of idea of opportunity cost, the method on value estimation of agricultural water resources were proposed.
?Third, based on the hydrological cycle, ASUAW are constructed, which has two main jobs: assessing the integrated utility of agricultural water, estimating utility value of agricultural water.
引文
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