重钢AFT702和CDQ203钢种经济洁净化工艺基础及应用研究
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摘要
随着中国钢产量的迅猛增长和宏观经济环境的变化，钢铁行业的竞争更加激烈，经济洁净钢生产技术对当今钢铁行业提高产品质量和降低生产成本具有重要意义，一直以来受到广泛关注。然而因为精炼设备功能未得到充分发挥，各精炼手段优化组合不尽合理，已成为制约现代化流程的钢铁企业建设经济洁净钢生产平台的瓶颈。本文选取重钢生产的AFT702和CDQ203为代表性钢种，经过对该钢种转炉－精炼条件下钢水洁净度进行调查及分析，因钢水中高熔点夹杂数量较多而时常出现水口结瘤的问题，极易引起浇铸中断，在轧制时还会导致钢材表面损伤，不能满足连铸－连轧紧凑式布局和热送热装要求。因此众多钢厂不得不采用钙处理对夹杂物进行改性，虽然从一定程度减轻了水口结瘤问题，但在生产中由于钙收得率非常低。因此生产成本也相应增加。对于年产上千万吨的钢铁企业而言，减少或取消钙处理能够极大地降低生产运营成本。
本文以确定目标钢种最经济的精炼工艺制度并确保良好的洁净度为目的，不因夹杂导致水口结瘤制约连浇炉数的提高，更不能因夹杂危害钢材力学性能。所以如何合理地对钢中夹杂物进行变性处理和处理的方式是研究内容的关键所在。首先通过调查目标钢种的精炼工艺现状，明确合理的洁净度控制水平。然后对钢中典型夹杂物处于低熔点区时钢液和精炼渣成分控制进行理论计算，在此基础上，试验研究不同精炼渣以及复合包芯线处理对碳结钢和低合金钢洁净度的影响，得到了适应不同钢种的精炼渣组成和复合包芯线控制范围。最终结合重钢的生产实际进行了工业应用。研究的主要结果为：
利用热力学软件FactSage计算发现，对于钢种AFT702，要将弱脱氧钢中MnO-SiO2-Al2O3夹杂物成分控制在熔点不超过1520℃的液相区域内，则钢液中[Al]控制在0.0010%~0.0015%，[O]含量控制在10~25ppm。要将强脱氧钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3夹杂物成分控制在液相区域内，则钢液中[Al]控制在0.013%以下，[O]含量控制在2ppm。当夹杂物熔点低于1520℃，可以避免浇铸过程堵水口而且热轧时能够稍许变形，因此能够大大提高钢材的塑性和韧性。对于钢种CDQ203，要将CaO-MgO-Al2O3夹杂物成分控制在MgO<10%、Al2O3：45%~60%、CaO：40%~55%液相区域内，当平衡[Al]含量为0.03%时，钢液的a[Ca]为1～10ppm，a[Mg]为0.01～0.3ppm；当平衡[Al]含量为0.06%时，钢液的a[Ca]为1～30ppm，a[Mg]为0.05～0.9ppm。为使CaO-Al2O3-CaS系夹杂物能够控制在低于1600℃液态区域内，当钢液中的a[Ca]分别为5,15,30ppm时，平衡[Al]含量应分别控制在0.0010~0.050%，0.0050~0.250%和0.010~0.50%。
理论分析基础上，在实验室通过16炉渣系A(CaO/Al2O3:1.0~1.8，SiO2:11~20%)和6炉渣系B(CaO/SiO2:1.0~1.2，Al2O3:25~35%)与AFT702碳结钢液的高温平衡实验，研究了不同炉渣组成对钢液洁净度的影响关系。实验结果表明炉渣A比炉渣B有更强的脱氧、脱硫的作用。与炉渣A反应钢中的钙镁铝硅酸盐夹杂物总体尺寸小于与炉渣B反应钢中的钙锰铝硅酸盐夹杂物。为生成更多小于3μm的球状钙镁铝硅酸盐类夹杂，降低钢中T[O]含量，应选用炉渣A的组成为CaO/Al2O3比在1.2~1.8之间，渣中SiO2含量在11%或20%附近。
其次，通过6炉渣系C (碱度为9，CaO/Al2O3:1.0，SiO2:5%)和6炉渣系D(碱度为6，CaO/Al2O3:1.5，SiO2:9%)与CDQ203合金钢液([Al]:0.020%~0.070%)的高温平衡实验，研究了炉渣对钢液成分和夹杂物组成的影响关系。实验结果表明两种渣的脱硫能力接近，钢中平均硫含量均为0.002%，但是炉渣D的脱氧能力略强于炉渣C。与炉渣D平衡的钢中低于5μm夹杂物数量多于炉渣C，夹杂物更细小。而且在炉渣D条件下更有利于生成钙镁铝硅酸盐夹杂物。为生成更多小于5μm的球状液态CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2类夹杂，保证钢中较低T[O]含量，应选用炉渣D的组成为CaO/Al2O3比在1.5左右，渣中SiO2含量在9%附近。
为了分析钙铝酸盐复合包芯线处理对钢液洁净度的影响，还研究了初始钙铝酸盐含量为90%、80%、70%(利用率为10%、20%)的复合包芯线与低合金钢液反应60min时钢中夹杂物的变化过程；得出当芯粉中钙铝酸盐含量为80%~90%(利用率为10%)或含量为90%(利用率为20%)时，则钢中典型夹杂物为低熔点球状CaO-MnO-SiO2-Al2O3，当钙铝酸盐含量为70%(利用率为10%)或含量为70%~80%(利用率为20%)时，则钢中更容易生成CaO-MgO-Al2O3或CaO-Al2O3，Al2O3逐渐减少。
在上述研究基础上，在重钢一炼钢厂进行了AFT702、CDQ203的生产试验，工业试验主要对转炉出钢脱氧、渣洗和精炼渣工艺进行了优化，有效降低了钢中氧化夹杂和有害元素含量，达到了“出钢复合脱氧+渣洗→CAS/LF→CCM”工艺路线下取消钙处理实现钢水多炉连浇的目的。论文研究结果具有重要的现实意义，不仅实现了碳结钢和低合金钢的经济洁净化生产，还对其它以品种钢为主的钢铁企业具有示范作用。
With the rapid growth of steel production in China and the changes ofmacroeconomic environment, competition has become more intense in the steel industry.For today's steel industry, economic cleaning technology of steel production hasimportant significance to improve product quality and reduce production costs, and ithas been widely concern. However, refining equipment functions are not fully takeninto consideration, and that the combination of refining methods is not quite optimized,these problems have become the bottleneck restricting the modern steel enterprises tobuild the economiccleaning steel production platforms. AFT702and CDQ203producedby Chongqing steel have been selected for research subjects in this paper.Thecleanliness of these steels had been investigated and analyzed under existing converterand refining process conditions, and the results indicate that: due to large numbers ofhigh-melting-point Al2O3inclusions existed in molten steel, which frequently clog thenozzle during casting and easily interrupt production, such inclusions could cause thesteel surface damage in cold-rolling; thus, the steel cannot meet the hot-chargingrequirementsand the compact layout needed for continuous casting and rolling. Manysteel mills had to adopt calcium treatment (Ca treatment) in order to transform thealumina inclusions into low-melting-point calcium aluminates,to a certain extent,calcium treatment can reduce or avoid clogging. However, because of the calcium yieldis very low during processing,its use increases the cost of production at the same time.The reduction or elimination of the calcium treatment can greatly reduce the operatingcosts of production for steel enterprises, which have an annual output of thousands oftons.
In this paper, the aim is to work out the most economical system for the refiningprocess and ensure good cleanliness, not happen nozzle clogging or blockage caused bythe inclusions and improved the heat numbers of continuous casting without calciumtreatment, more can not hazard mechanical properties of steel. So the key researchcontent of this paper is how to achieve the spheroidisation of inclusions in steel with thebest denaturation treatment way.Firstly, according to the investigation of the refiningprocess of target steel in existing state, the reasonable control level of steel cleanlinessneed be confirmed. Then, the controlrange of steel and refining slag composition hadbeen calculated by FactSage when the inclusions located in low melting areain steel, On this basis, the effect on the cleanliness of steel grade treated with refining slag orcomposite cored wire had been researched in experimental study, so that we could getthe suitable composition range of refining slag and composite cored wire for adaptingdifferent kinds of steel. Finally, combination of actual production, the industrialapplication had been carried out in Chongqing steel. The main conclusions of this studyare as follows:
According to the thermodynamic calculation results by FactSage software, forAFT702, to control the compositions of MnO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions in soft killed steelinto1520℃liquid region,[Al] content in the liquid steel should be controlled to0.0010%~0.0015%,[O] content is controlled in the range of10~25ppm. To control thecompositions of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions in strong killed steel into1520℃liquidregion,[Al] content in the liquid steel should be controlled at0.013%or less,[O]content is controlled about2ppm. When the melting points of inclusions are below1520℃, it can avoid clogging during casting process and can be slightly deformed inthe hot rolling process, thereby greatly improving the ductility and toughness of steelproduct. For CDQ203, to control the compositions of CaO-MgO-Al2O3inclusions in theliquid phase region of MgO <10%, Al2O3:45%~60%, CaO:40%~55%, when thebalance [Al] content is0.03%, a[Ca]in the liquid steel is1~10ppm, a[Mg]is0.01~0.3ppm;when the balance [Al] content is0.06%, a[Ca]in the liquid steel is1~30ppm, a[Mg]is0.05~0.9ppm. For the CaO-Al2O3-CaS inclusions can be controlled in the liquid regionbelow1600℃, when a[Ca]in the liquid steel were5ppm,15ppm and30ppm separately,the balance [Al] content should be controlled in the range of0.0010~0.050%,0.0050~0.250%and0.010~0.50%.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, to get the relationship between the cleanlinessof liquid steel and slag compositions in this research, twenty two temperatureequilibrium experiments have been carried out on the molten steel of AFT702and thedifferent slag systems in the laboratory, in which include16heats experiments with slagA (CaO/Al2O3:1.0~1.8, SiO2:11~20%mass) and6heats experiments with slag B(CaO/SiO2:1.0~1.2, Al2O3:25~35%mass). Experimental results show that: comparedwith slag B, the slag A has stronger deoxidation and desulfurization capacity. The sizesof CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions in the steel reaction with slag A are overall smallerthan the same inclusions in the steel reaction with slag B. To generate more less than3μm spherical CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions and lower T[O] content in steel, itshould be selected in the composition of slag A: CaO/Al2O3ratio is between1.2to1.8, SiO2content of the slag is around11%or20%.
Secondly, twelve temperature equilibrium experiments have been carried out onthe molten steel of CDQ203([Al]:0.020%~0.070%) and the different slag systems inthe laboratory, in which include6heats experiments with slag C (CaO/SiO2:9,CaO/Al2O3:1.0, SiO2:5%) and6heats experiments with slag D (CaO/SiO2:6,CaO/Al2O3:1.5,SiO2:9%), so that we can study the interacting relationship betweentop slag and the compositions of liquid steel or inclusions. Experimental results showthat the desulfurization capacity of this two slag is very close, and the average sulfurcontent of the steel is all0.002%, but the deoxidation capacity of slag D is slightlystronger than the slag C. The quantity of lower than5μm inclusions in steel balancewith the slag D is more than slag C, inclusions appear more tiny. Under the slag Dconditions, it is also more conducive to generate CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2systeminclusions. To generate more smaller than5μm spherical liquid CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2inclusions and ensure lower T[O] content in steel, the better components should beselected as the composition of slag D: CaO/Al2O3ratio is about1.5, SiO2content in slagis nearby9%.
To analyze the effect of cleanliness of liquid steel with calcium aluminatecomposite cored wire treatment, experiments have also been conducted to make it outthe evolution process of inclusions in steel after60min reaction. Initial content ofcalcium aluminate (90%,80%,70%) in the composite core wire reacted with low alloysteel were changed (the powder yield is assumed to10%and20%).It can be concluded:when the content of calcium aluminate in the core powder is80%to90%(the yield is10%) or the content is90%(the yield is20%), inclusions in the steel is the typicallylow-melting spherical CaO-MnO-SiO2-Al2O3, when the calcium aluminate contentreaches to70%(the yield is10%) or the content reaches to70%to80%(the yield is20%), CaO-MgO-Al2O3or CaO-Al2O3is more easily generated in the steel, Al2O3isgradually reduced.
In summary, Chongqing steel were selected for production test of steel AFT702and CDQ203. In this study, the tapping deoxidization system, slag washing and refiningslag system are optimized primarily so that the number of oxide inclusions and harmfulelements are reduced to a very low level, and the multi-furnace continuous casting ofmolten steel can be achieved without calcium treatment under the “basic oxygenfurnace (BOF)→composite deoxidization and slag washing→composition adjustmentby sealed argon bubbling (CAS)/ladle furnace (LF)→continuous casting (CC)” process.There is an important practical significance to solving this problem: not onlycan it improve the cleanliness of carbon steel and low alloy steel, resulting in economicbenefits, but it also has a demonstrated beneficial effect on other production enterprisesof high-grade steel.
本文以确定目标钢种最经济的精炼工艺制度并确保良好的洁净度为目的，不因夹杂导致水口结瘤制约连浇炉数的提高，更不能因夹杂危害钢材力学性能。所以如何合理地对钢中夹杂物进行变性处理和处理的方式是研究内容的关键所在。首先通过调查目标钢种的精炼工艺现状，明确合理的洁净度控制水平。然后对钢中典型夹杂物处于低熔点区时钢液和精炼渣成分控制进行理论计算，在此基础上，试验研究不同精炼渣以及复合包芯线处理对碳结钢和低合金钢洁净度的影响，得到了适应不同钢种的精炼渣组成和复合包芯线控制范围。最终结合重钢的生产实际进行了工业应用。研究的主要结果为：
利用热力学软件FactSage计算发现，对于钢种AFT702，要将弱脱氧钢中MnO-SiO2-Al2O3夹杂物成分控制在熔点不超过1520℃的液相区域内，则钢液中[Al]控制在0.0010%~0.0015%，[O]含量控制在10~25ppm。要将强脱氧钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3夹杂物成分控制在液相区域内，则钢液中[Al]控制在0.013%以下，[O]含量控制在2ppm。当夹杂物熔点低于1520℃，可以避免浇铸过程堵水口而且热轧时能够稍许变形，因此能够大大提高钢材的塑性和韧性。对于钢种CDQ203，要将CaO-MgO-Al2O3夹杂物成分控制在MgO<10%、Al2O3：45%~60%、CaO：40%~55%液相区域内，当平衡[Al]含量为0.03%时，钢液的a[Ca]为1～10ppm，a[Mg]为0.01～0.3ppm；当平衡[Al]含量为0.06%时，钢液的a[Ca]为1～30ppm，a[Mg]为0.05～0.9ppm。为使CaO-Al2O3-CaS系夹杂物能够控制在低于1600℃液态区域内，当钢液中的a[Ca]分别为5,15,30ppm时，平衡[Al]含量应分别控制在0.0010~0.050%，0.0050~0.250%和0.010~0.50%。
理论分析基础上，在实验室通过16炉渣系A(CaO/Al2O3:1.0~1.8，SiO2:11~20%)和6炉渣系B(CaO/SiO2:1.0~1.2，Al2O3:25~35%)与AFT702碳结钢液的高温平衡实验，研究了不同炉渣组成对钢液洁净度的影响关系。实验结果表明炉渣A比炉渣B有更强的脱氧、脱硫的作用。与炉渣A反应钢中的钙镁铝硅酸盐夹杂物总体尺寸小于与炉渣B反应钢中的钙锰铝硅酸盐夹杂物。为生成更多小于3μm的球状钙镁铝硅酸盐类夹杂，降低钢中T[O]含量，应选用炉渣A的组成为CaO/Al2O3比在1.2~1.8之间，渣中SiO2含量在11%或20%附近。
其次，通过6炉渣系C (碱度为9，CaO/Al2O3:1.0，SiO2:5%)和6炉渣系D(碱度为6，CaO/Al2O3:1.5，SiO2:9%)与CDQ203合金钢液([Al]:0.020%~0.070%)的高温平衡实验，研究了炉渣对钢液成分和夹杂物组成的影响关系。实验结果表明两种渣的脱硫能力接近，钢中平均硫含量均为0.002%，但是炉渣D的脱氧能力略强于炉渣C。与炉渣D平衡的钢中低于5μm夹杂物数量多于炉渣C，夹杂物更细小。而且在炉渣D条件下更有利于生成钙镁铝硅酸盐夹杂物。为生成更多小于5μm的球状液态CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2类夹杂，保证钢中较低T[O]含量，应选用炉渣D的组成为CaO/Al2O3比在1.5左右，渣中SiO2含量在9%附近。
为了分析钙铝酸盐复合包芯线处理对钢液洁净度的影响，还研究了初始钙铝酸盐含量为90%、80%、70%(利用率为10%、20%)的复合包芯线与低合金钢液反应60min时钢中夹杂物的变化过程；得出当芯粉中钙铝酸盐含量为80%~90%(利用率为10%)或含量为90%(利用率为20%)时，则钢中典型夹杂物为低熔点球状CaO-MnO-SiO2-Al2O3，当钙铝酸盐含量为70%(利用率为10%)或含量为70%~80%(利用率为20%)时，则钢中更容易生成CaO-MgO-Al2O3或CaO-Al2O3，Al2O3逐渐减少。
在上述研究基础上，在重钢一炼钢厂进行了AFT702、CDQ203的生产试验，工业试验主要对转炉出钢脱氧、渣洗和精炼渣工艺进行了优化，有效降低了钢中氧化夹杂和有害元素含量，达到了“出钢复合脱氧+渣洗→CAS/LF→CCM”工艺路线下取消钙处理实现钢水多炉连浇的目的。论文研究结果具有重要的现实意义，不仅实现了碳结钢和低合金钢的经济洁净化生产，还对其它以品种钢为主的钢铁企业具有示范作用。
With the rapid growth of steel production in China and the changes ofmacroeconomic environment, competition has become more intense in the steel industry.For today's steel industry, economic cleaning technology of steel production hasimportant significance to improve product quality and reduce production costs, and ithas been widely concern. However, refining equipment functions are not fully takeninto consideration, and that the combination of refining methods is not quite optimized,these problems have become the bottleneck restricting the modern steel enterprises tobuild the economiccleaning steel production platforms. AFT702and CDQ203producedby Chongqing steel have been selected for research subjects in this paper.Thecleanliness of these steels had been investigated and analyzed under existing converterand refining process conditions, and the results indicate that: due to large numbers ofhigh-melting-point Al2O3inclusions existed in molten steel, which frequently clog thenozzle during casting and easily interrupt production, such inclusions could cause thesteel surface damage in cold-rolling; thus, the steel cannot meet the hot-chargingrequirementsand the compact layout needed for continuous casting and rolling. Manysteel mills had to adopt calcium treatment (Ca treatment) in order to transform thealumina inclusions into low-melting-point calcium aluminates,to a certain extent,calcium treatment can reduce or avoid clogging. However, because of the calcium yieldis very low during processing,its use increases the cost of production at the same time.The reduction or elimination of the calcium treatment can greatly reduce the operatingcosts of production for steel enterprises, which have an annual output of thousands oftons.
In this paper, the aim is to work out the most economical system for the refiningprocess and ensure good cleanliness, not happen nozzle clogging or blockage caused bythe inclusions and improved the heat numbers of continuous casting without calciumtreatment, more can not hazard mechanical properties of steel. So the key researchcontent of this paper is how to achieve the spheroidisation of inclusions in steel with thebest denaturation treatment way.Firstly, according to the investigation of the refiningprocess of target steel in existing state, the reasonable control level of steel cleanlinessneed be confirmed. Then, the controlrange of steel and refining slag composition hadbeen calculated by FactSage when the inclusions located in low melting areain steel, On this basis, the effect on the cleanliness of steel grade treated with refining slag orcomposite cored wire had been researched in experimental study, so that we could getthe suitable composition range of refining slag and composite cored wire for adaptingdifferent kinds of steel. Finally, combination of actual production, the industrialapplication had been carried out in Chongqing steel. The main conclusions of this studyare as follows:
According to the thermodynamic calculation results by FactSage software, forAFT702, to control the compositions of MnO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions in soft killed steelinto1520℃liquid region,[Al] content in the liquid steel should be controlled to0.0010%~0.0015%,[O] content is controlled in the range of10~25ppm. To control thecompositions of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions in strong killed steel into1520℃liquidregion,[Al] content in the liquid steel should be controlled at0.013%or less,[O]content is controlled about2ppm. When the melting points of inclusions are below1520℃, it can avoid clogging during casting process and can be slightly deformed inthe hot rolling process, thereby greatly improving the ductility and toughness of steelproduct. For CDQ203, to control the compositions of CaO-MgO-Al2O3inclusions in theliquid phase region of MgO <10%, Al2O3:45%~60%, CaO:40%~55%, when thebalance [Al] content is0.03%, a[Ca]in the liquid steel is1~10ppm, a[Mg]is0.01~0.3ppm;when the balance [Al] content is0.06%, a[Ca]in the liquid steel is1~30ppm, a[Mg]is0.05~0.9ppm. For the CaO-Al2O3-CaS inclusions can be controlled in the liquid regionbelow1600℃, when a[Ca]in the liquid steel were5ppm,15ppm and30ppm separately,the balance [Al] content should be controlled in the range of0.0010~0.050%,0.0050~0.250%and0.010~0.50%.
On the basis of theoretical analysis, to get the relationship between the cleanlinessof liquid steel and slag compositions in this research, twenty two temperatureequilibrium experiments have been carried out on the molten steel of AFT702and thedifferent slag systems in the laboratory, in which include16heats experiments with slagA (CaO/Al2O3:1.0~1.8, SiO2:11~20%mass) and6heats experiments with slag B(CaO/SiO2:1.0~1.2, Al2O3:25~35%mass). Experimental results show that: comparedwith slag B, the slag A has stronger deoxidation and desulfurization capacity. The sizesof CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions in the steel reaction with slag A are overall smallerthan the same inclusions in the steel reaction with slag B. To generate more less than3μm spherical CaO-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3inclusions and lower T[O] content in steel, itshould be selected in the composition of slag A: CaO/Al2O3ratio is between1.2to1.8, SiO2content of the slag is around11%or20%.
Secondly, twelve temperature equilibrium experiments have been carried out onthe molten steel of CDQ203([Al]:0.020%~0.070%) and the different slag systems inthe laboratory, in which include6heats experiments with slag C (CaO/SiO2:9,CaO/Al2O3:1.0, SiO2:5%) and6heats experiments with slag D (CaO/SiO2:6,CaO/Al2O3:1.5,SiO2:9%), so that we can study the interacting relationship betweentop slag and the compositions of liquid steel or inclusions. Experimental results showthat the desulfurization capacity of this two slag is very close, and the average sulfurcontent of the steel is all0.002%, but the deoxidation capacity of slag D is slightlystronger than the slag C. The quantity of lower than5μm inclusions in steel balancewith the slag D is more than slag C, inclusions appear more tiny. Under the slag Dconditions, it is also more conducive to generate CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2systeminclusions. To generate more smaller than5μm spherical liquid CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2inclusions and ensure lower T[O] content in steel, the better components should beselected as the composition of slag D: CaO/Al2O3ratio is about1.5, SiO2content in slagis nearby9%.
To analyze the effect of cleanliness of liquid steel with calcium aluminatecomposite cored wire treatment, experiments have also been conducted to make it outthe evolution process of inclusions in steel after60min reaction. Initial content ofcalcium aluminate (90%,80%,70%) in the composite core wire reacted with low alloysteel were changed (the powder yield is assumed to10%and20%).It can be concluded:when the content of calcium aluminate in the core powder is80%to90%(the yield is10%) or the content is90%(the yield is20%), inclusions in the steel is the typicallylow-melting spherical CaO-MnO-SiO2-Al2O3, when the calcium aluminate contentreaches to70%(the yield is10%) or the content reaches to70%to80%(the yield is20%), CaO-MgO-Al2O3or CaO-Al2O3is more easily generated in the steel, Al2O3isgradually reduced.
In summary, Chongqing steel were selected for production test of steel AFT702and CDQ203. In this study, the tapping deoxidization system, slag washing and refiningslag system are optimized primarily so that the number of oxide inclusions and harmfulelements are reduced to a very low level, and the multi-furnace continuous casting ofmolten steel can be achieved without calcium treatment under the “basic oxygenfurnace (BOF)→composite deoxidization and slag washing→composition adjustmentby sealed argon bubbling (CAS)/ladle furnace (LF)→continuous casting (CC)” process.There is an important practical significance to solving this problem: not onlycan it improve the cleanliness of carbon steel and low alloy steel, resulting in economicbenefits, but it also has a demonstrated beneficial effect on other production enterprisesof high-grade steel.
引文
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