基于单片机的网络电表数据集中器的软件开发
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摘要
本论文旨在开发一种基于单片机的新型智能网络电表数据集中器的软件系统，实现HFC智能网络电表系统项目的技术要求。即电力公司能通过电网监控计算机—数据集中器—电表系统采集城市工业或居民用户的实时用电状态与用电量，进而实现不同时段内用电量的分时计费等要求，并为电网运行过程中的实时数据监控与维护提供参考依据。
电表数据集中器处于电网监控系统的信息通路的中间位置，其主要功能为接收主站监控系统下发的指令，同下一级的数据采集器(网络电表)进行实时通讯，下发主站指令并获取各下级数据采集器上传的数据结果，然后将数据结果打包成特定的电表网络数据帧，回传到主站监控系统并主动上传可能存在的电网或电表异常信息。电表数据集中器的硬件系统是通过单片机来控制以太网卡，进行传输数据，加载TCP／IP协议连接到电网监控网络的。
电表数据集中器的软件系统开发作为本课题的重点，采用Keil C51的集成开发工具，运用单片机C51语言进行程序开发，设计开发了数据集中器软件。该软件主要由三大功能模块构成，分别为数据集中器模块，串行数据通讯模块，网络通讯模块。其中数据集中器模块包含了指令数据帧分析子功能模块、协议转换子功能模块、电表数据组合上传帧子功能模块；串行数据通讯模块包含了串口初始化子模块、数据发送子模块、数据接收子模块；网络通讯模块包含了网卡初始化子模块、数据发送子模块和数据接收子模块。文中给出了各模块涉及到的主要功能函数代码编写流程图，并给出了指令数据帧分析模块函数等的详细源代码。
此外，本文还对电表数据集中器的系统调试过程及调试结果给予了简要介绍，并对系统的进一步改进提出了自己的设想。
New microprocessor-based data collector software of intelligent network electric meters was developed in this dissertation to meet the technical requirements of Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) intelligent network electric energy meter system project. The electric power company can easily gather the real-time electric energy meter status and consume amount of certain city industrial or citizen users through the computer network system composed of electric network monitoring and controlling computer -electric energy data collector-electric energy meter, carry out the specific charging plans such as various electric prices in different time periods, and obtain better reference information for real-time data monitoring and maintaining of electric power transmission.
Since the electric energy meter data collectors are in the middle layer of HFC network structure of electric energy transportation monitoring and controlling information system, its software should realize the following functions at least: receiving, analyzing and decomposing the instructions sent by master monitoring and controlling computer, real conveying the instructions of master computer to the electric energy meters by means of point to point, capturing the status data of electric energy meters, composing specific message frames and uploading them to the master computer via Internet. In the hardware system of electric energy meter data collector, general microprocessor exchanges data or instructions with electric energy transportation monitoring and controlling system by means of the Internet card and TCP/IP protocol.
As the most important part of this paper, the software system of electric energy meter data collector was realized by integrated developing tools of Keil C51. Microprocessor C51 language was used in writing program. This software is composed of the following three functional modules: data collector module, serial data communicating module and network
communicating module respectively. The data collector module includes analysis sub-module of command data frame, protocol exchange sub-module and electric energy data synthesizing sub-module of up-sending frame. The serial data-communicating module includes serial port initialization sub-module, data sending sub-module and data receiving sub-module. Network communicating module includes network card initialization sub-module, data sending sub-module and data receiving sub-module. The flow charts of main function programming involved by various functional modules were listed out, and the detail codes of some specific module function such as command data frame analysis function were also listed out.
In addition, system debugging process and result of electric meter data collector software were briefly introduced, and some suggestions on further improvement on this system software were proposed.
电表数据集中器处于电网监控系统的信息通路的中间位置，其主要功能为接收主站监控系统下发的指令，同下一级的数据采集器(网络电表)进行实时通讯，下发主站指令并获取各下级数据采集器上传的数据结果，然后将数据结果打包成特定的电表网络数据帧，回传到主站监控系统并主动上传可能存在的电网或电表异常信息。电表数据集中器的硬件系统是通过单片机来控制以太网卡，进行传输数据，加载TCP／IP协议连接到电网监控网络的。
电表数据集中器的软件系统开发作为本课题的重点，采用Keil C51的集成开发工具，运用单片机C51语言进行程序开发，设计开发了数据集中器软件。该软件主要由三大功能模块构成，分别为数据集中器模块，串行数据通讯模块，网络通讯模块。其中数据集中器模块包含了指令数据帧分析子功能模块、协议转换子功能模块、电表数据组合上传帧子功能模块；串行数据通讯模块包含了串口初始化子模块、数据发送子模块、数据接收子模块；网络通讯模块包含了网卡初始化子模块、数据发送子模块和数据接收子模块。文中给出了各模块涉及到的主要功能函数代码编写流程图，并给出了指令数据帧分析模块函数等的详细源代码。
此外，本文还对电表数据集中器的系统调试过程及调试结果给予了简要介绍，并对系统的进一步改进提出了自己的设想。
New microprocessor-based data collector software of intelligent network electric meters was developed in this dissertation to meet the technical requirements of Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC) intelligent network electric energy meter system project. The electric power company can easily gather the real-time electric energy meter status and consume amount of certain city industrial or citizen users through the computer network system composed of electric network monitoring and controlling computer -electric energy data collector-electric energy meter, carry out the specific charging plans such as various electric prices in different time periods, and obtain better reference information for real-time data monitoring and maintaining of electric power transmission.
Since the electric energy meter data collectors are in the middle layer of HFC network structure of electric energy transportation monitoring and controlling information system, its software should realize the following functions at least: receiving, analyzing and decomposing the instructions sent by master monitoring and controlling computer, real conveying the instructions of master computer to the electric energy meters by means of point to point, capturing the status data of electric energy meters, composing specific message frames and uploading them to the master computer via Internet. In the hardware system of electric energy meter data collector, general microprocessor exchanges data or instructions with electric energy transportation monitoring and controlling system by means of the Internet card and TCP/IP protocol.
As the most important part of this paper, the software system of electric energy meter data collector was realized by integrated developing tools of Keil C51. Microprocessor C51 language was used in writing program. This software is composed of the following three functional modules: data collector module, serial data communicating module and network
communicating module respectively. The data collector module includes analysis sub-module of command data frame, protocol exchange sub-module and electric energy data synthesizing sub-module of up-sending frame. The serial data-communicating module includes serial port initialization sub-module, data sending sub-module and data receiving sub-module. Network communicating module includes network card initialization sub-module, data sending sub-module and data receiving sub-module. The flow charts of main function programming involved by various functional modules were listed out, and the detail codes of some specific module function such as command data frame analysis function were also listed out.
In addition, system debugging process and result of electric meter data collector software were briefly introduced, and some suggestions on further improvement on this system software were proposed.
引文
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[2]谢希仁，计算机网络，电子工业出版社，1999，4
[3]李大友，计算机网络，清华大学出版社，1998，10
[4]PS2000网络接口芯片手册，武汉力源电子有限公司，2000
[5]赵葵银，唐勇奇，智能装置连接Internet的桥梁——网络芯片技术，仪器仪表用户，2001，2
[6]葵银，唐勇奇，智能Internet网络接口芯片PS2000及其应用，半导体技术，2000，6
[7]摩托罗拉68K系列微处理器，http://e-www.motorola.com/webapp/sps/site
[8]Rabbit Semiconductor Corporation. Rabbit2000~(TM) Microprocessor User's Manual[z].2000
[9]Z-World Corporation. Dynamic C Premier For Rabbit Semiconductor Microprocessors(Integrated C Deelopment System User's Manual) [Z].1999
[10]张晓华，陈宏钧等，基于Rabbit2000的嵌入式测控系统，测控技术，2002，6
[11]恒家庭网关方案 HHGW-5272-R1，华恒嵌入式linux技术资料网站 http://www.hhcn.com
[12]Birghtman J, HFC: Frant runner in the broadband transmission race, Telephony, 1995,11
[13]Carison C, Chamberlain J, Coax: The ideal broadband medium for the last mile. Telephony. 1995, 4
[14]Uyless Black. --Upper Saddle River, NJ. Residential broadband networks: xDSL, HFC, and fixed wireless access. Prentice Hall, 1998
[15]徐德军，蔡键龙等，用单片机实现远程自动抄表，计算机应用，2001，5
[16]李守功，文庭魁等，电表集抄管理系统，微计算机信息，2002，2
[17]石守东，网络三表集中器的研究，微机发展，2001，3
[18]陈学敏，远程自动抄表技术及应用模式，江西电力职工大学学报，2000，6
[19]赵兴勇、马小月、张惠生、赵树云，远程自动抄表系统研究，电力学报，2000，1
[21]刘航、赵伟、郭蕴蛟、李晓丹，对一种智能型电能表抄表系统的改进研究，电测与仪表，1998，11
[22]李慧娟、谢剑英等，单片机在抄表网络系统中的应用，电子技术，1999，3
[23]孙际明、孔泽明、时胜，单片机在用电集抄系统中的应用，河南科学，1997，12
[24]徐平平、邱平春，电力集中抄表系统中的通信技术，电力系统通信，1999，4
[25]刘燕平、郭铁桥等，电力线远程自动抄表系统的设计与实现，华北电力技术，1997，6
[26]郭连锁，电能表自动抄表系统，电测与仪表，1995，8
[27]樊崇理、张进明，智能电表的发展现状及分析，现代科学仪器，2000，5
[28]李建歧、李传伦、常棣，基于Lonworks网络实现的自动抄表系统，东北电力学院学报，1998，12
[29]余永权，单片微机最新进展，电子产品世界，2002，8
[30]李桂桦，陈志忠等，基于Lonworks技术的远程自动抄表系统，单片机与嵌入式系统的应用，2001，11
[31]谢林枫，基于PPP协议单片机拨号上网的设计与实现，单片机与嵌入式系统的应用，2001，11
[32]RTL8019AS Realtek Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller with Plug and Play Function Datasheet, Realtek Semiconductor, 1996
[33]CS8900A Crystal LAN~(TM) ISA Ethernet Controller Datasheet. Cirrus Logic, Inc. 1999
[34]崔海东，Internet技术的发展，现代通讯技术，1999，6
[35]周明天，汪文勇，TCP／IP网络原理与技术，清华大学出版社，1993
[36]DOUGLASE.COMER．林瑶 译，用TCP／IP进网际互连(第3版)[M]，电子工业出版社，1998
[37]DAVID M.PETERSON．朱衍波 译，TCP／IP连网技术[M]，电子工业出版社，1996
[38]陈勇，Internet与TCP／IP协议及其新进展，现代计算机，1997，3
[39]蓝玉龙，TCP／IP协议及其工作原理，广西民族学院学报(自然科学版)，2000，5
[40]汪齐贤，TCP／IP协议分析，北方交通大学学报，1995，3
[41]Rose. Management Information Base for Network Management of TCP/IP-based Internets:MIB-Ⅱ[J],RFC 1158. Performance Systems International. May 1990
[42]Peterson D M. TCP/IP Networking:A Guide to the IBM Environment. New York:McGraw Hill,1995
[43]马忠梅，嵌入式应用设计模式，单片机与嵌入式系统的应用，2001，1
[44]嵌入式系统以太网控制器驱动程序的设计和实现，王保进，电子技术，2002，4
[45]马利，李佐儒等，实现电子设备的网络化解决方案，单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2002，2
[46]何嘉斌，何适等，嵌入式Internet技术应用，单片机与嵌入式系统应用，2002，3
[47]单片机和网络，http://www.laogu.com
[48]徐爱均，彭秀华，单片机高级语言C51Windows环境编程与应用，电子工业出版
[49]黎步银，姜胜林等，基于C语言的串口通讯程序设计，传感技术学报，2002，1
[50]王志宏，单片机与PC机的串口通讯，现代电子技术，2000，12
[51]Dipl.-Phys. Michael Rac. Low-cost automatic meter reading system for the productive and energy supplying industry, Gaswaerme International.-2000 ,49(9).-430-432
[52]Dr.-Ing. Klaus Steiner, Or.-lng. Stefan-Alexander Arlt. Residential and Industrial Automatic Meter Reading, Gaswaerme International.-2000,49(9).-420-424
[53]刘晓霞、李宇成等，基于Internet的网络电表集抄系统，北方工业大学学报，2001，1
[54]Cheoul-Shin Kang, Design of a network interface adapter for hybrid-lans, 91-645128/92s(?)1992 IEEE
[55]S. Stapleton, R.H.S. Hardy, The effect of optimized on the performance of a token ring network interface, CH2691-4/89-0000-143(?)1989 IEEE
[56]Edward W. Knightly and Giorgio Ventre, Galileo:a Tool for Simulation and Analysis of Real-Time Networks, 0-8186-3670-X/93(?)1993 IEEE
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