新疆东天山康古尔塔格地区古弧—盆系统研究
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摘要
新疆东天山康古尔塔格的大地构造背景、成矿地质背景一直是地质学者们长期探索、而又一直存在争议的地质问题。其争议的根本问题在于东天山康古尔塔格地区蛇绿岩的不确定性。又因该区特殊的大地构造位置,上述问题的研究不仅有助于解决本区的成矿地质背景,也有助于正确理解中亚造山带东天山地段的构造演化。
本文通过对康古尔塔格南及西南的一套为:变质橄榄岩—堆晶橄榄岩—辉长岩—斜长花岗岩—辉绿岩—玄武岩的岩石组合研究后,确认该套岩石组合为蛇绿岩。该套岩石组合中蛇纹岩化方辉橄榄岩、蛇纹石化辉石岩、蚀变辉长岩与特罗多斯蛇绿岩中同类型岩石类似,岩石总体低钾。变质橄榄岩MgO/(MgO+TFeO)为0.83—0.87,TiO_2(Wt%)为0.02%,与SSZ型蛇绿岩的变质橄榄岩一致。玄武岩及辉绿岩的地球化学显示其具MORB特征,Nb显负异常,环境判别显示该蛇绿岩可能形成于离洋内弧较近的SSZ型弧后盐地。放射虫硅质岩的Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值平均为0.047,MnO/TiO_2比值平均为0.93,Ce具负异常,Ce/Ce~*=0.548,La_n/Ce_n=1.661,表明放射虫硅质岩的形成环境与洋中脊有密切关系。辉长岩的SHRIMP锆石U—Pb定年(494±10(2σ)Ma)表明其形成于晚寒武世—早奥陶世。辉长岩、玄武岩斜长花岗岩及角斑岩的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值在0.512842～0.513328之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值为+5.7～+10.5,表明康古尔塔格蛇绿岩来自亏损上地幔,在演化过程中没有受到陆壳物质的明显混染。同时康古尔塔格蛇绿岩与准噶尔地体有类似的Nd同位素组成的源区。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值变化于0.703475～0.704923,与现代典型大洋中脊新鲜玄武岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值变化范围一致,仅最大值大一点,被认为是海水蚀变的结果。上述资料总体表明康古尔塔格地区的从变质橄榄岩至玄武岩的岩石组合确为蛇绿岩,属古生代北天山洋在该区的古洋壳残片。
通过对康古尔塔格断裂以北的早古生代晚期至晚古生代中期花岗岩的研究表明,该时期的花岗岩均为钠质钙碱性系列岩石;微量元素研究表明它们均形成于活动陆缘的岛弧环境;它们均具有低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr同位素比值(Isr=0.7033～0.7040)和高的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+9.4～+7.2),与美国西部和俯冲有关的火山岩(安山岩)一致,与加里福尼亚地区Sierra Nevada和Peninsular Ranges白垩纪石英闪长岩也相同,高ε_(Nd)(t)
Tectonically, the Kangguertage is a very important area to understand its metallogenic background and the tectonic evolution of eastern Tianshan section in Central Asia Oregon. However, there are lots of disputes and controversy on the tectonic setting and metallogenic background of the Kangguertage in eastern Tianshan, because of the uncertainty of Kangguertage Ophiolite. Through the research for rock assembly including metamorphic peridotite, cumulate peridotite, gabbro, plagiogranite, diabase, basalt, form south and southwest Kangguertage, we confirm that this rock sequence is a typical ophiolite suit. Harzburgite serpentinized (metaperidolite), serpentinized pyroxenite, altered grabbro in Kangguertage ophiolite are similar to the corresponding rocks in Troodos ophiolite, all low in K. MgO/ (MgO+TFeO) ratios of metamorphic peridotite ranges in 0.83—0.87, and TiO_2 (Wt%) is 0.02%, which is consistent with metamorphic peridotite in SSZ-type ophiolite. Geochemistry of basalt and diabase demonstrates they are of MORB characteristic, with Nb negative anomaly, and the environment discriminations suggest that the ophiolite may form in a SSZ-type back-arc basin serves behind a intra-oceanic arc. The radiolarian silicalite, have Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3) average ratios at 0.047, MnO/TiO_2 value 0.93, Ce negative anomaly and Ce/Ce~* equal to 0.548 and La_n/Ce_n ratio 1.661, indicating that the tectonic environment of radiolarian silicalite relate closely to MOR. The SHRIMP Zircon dating of gabbro (494±10 (2σ) Ma) suggest it is of Late-Cambrian to Early-Ordovician age. The ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd ratios of gabbro, basalt, plagiogranite and keratophyre range in 0.512842~0.513328, ε_(Nd)(t) are +5.7~+10.5, which indicate that Kangguertage ophiolite derived from a depleted mantle, did not suffered_from obvious crustal contamination and possess similar Nd isotopic composition with Jungger terrane. (~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i ratio ranges in
0.703475-0.704923, which is comparable with form fresh basalts the modern oceanic ridge. Information and data mentioned above indicate that Kangguertage ophiolite is ancient oceanic crust relics of Paleozoic Northern Tianshan Ocean. Research on the Early-Paleozoic to Late-Paleozoic granites in the north of Kangguertage faults shows that the granites are all sodium rocks for calc-alkaline series;Trace elements study indicates that they formed in island arc environment at active continental margin;the granites demonstrate low 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios (Isr=0.7033~0.7040) and high eNd(t) values (+9.4~+7.2) , which are consistent with the subduction-related volcanic rocks(andesites) in western U.S, and Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges Cretaceous quartz diorites in California, suggesting that the forming of granites is related to the melting of subducted oceanic crust. All these characteristics indicate that research area experienced the process, from rifting-ocean basin open, oceanic crust subduction, ocean basin to closure, a whole trench-arc-basin system in Paleozoic. The Kangguertage deep fault is the ocean basin closure belt, which may be the suture zone of Tarim block and Kazakstan-Jungger block exposed in Kangguertage area. The definition of trench-arc-basin system and suture zone in the research area provide a substantial evidence for this area's metallogenic tectonic background.
本文通过对康古尔塔格南及西南的一套为:变质橄榄岩—堆晶橄榄岩—辉长岩—斜长花岗岩—辉绿岩—玄武岩的岩石组合研究后,确认该套岩石组合为蛇绿岩。该套岩石组合中蛇纹岩化方辉橄榄岩、蛇纹石化辉石岩、蚀变辉长岩与特罗多斯蛇绿岩中同类型岩石类似,岩石总体低钾。变质橄榄岩MgO/(MgO+TFeO)为0.83—0.87,TiO_2(Wt%)为0.02%,与SSZ型蛇绿岩的变质橄榄岩一致。玄武岩及辉绿岩的地球化学显示其具MORB特征,Nb显负异常,环境判别显示该蛇绿岩可能形成于离洋内弧较近的SSZ型弧后盐地。放射虫硅质岩的Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3)值平均为0.047,MnO/TiO_2比值平均为0.93,Ce具负异常,Ce/Ce~*=0.548,La_n/Ce_n=1.661,表明放射虫硅质岩的形成环境与洋中脊有密切关系。辉长岩的SHRIMP锆石U—Pb定年(494±10(2σ)Ma)表明其形成于晚寒武世—早奥陶世。辉长岩、玄武岩斜长花岗岩及角斑岩的~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd比值在0.512842～0.513328之间,ε_(Nd)(t)值为+5.7～+10.5,表明康古尔塔格蛇绿岩来自亏损上地幔,在演化过程中没有受到陆壳物质的明显混染。同时康古尔塔格蛇绿岩与准噶尔地体有类似的Nd同位素组成的源区。(~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i值变化于0.703475～0.704923,与现代典型大洋中脊新鲜玄武岩的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值变化范围一致,仅最大值大一点,被认为是海水蚀变的结果。上述资料总体表明康古尔塔格地区的从变质橄榄岩至玄武岩的岩石组合确为蛇绿岩,属古生代北天山洋在该区的古洋壳残片。
通过对康古尔塔格断裂以北的早古生代晚期至晚古生代中期花岗岩的研究表明,该时期的花岗岩均为钠质钙碱性系列岩石;微量元素研究表明它们均形成于活动陆缘的岛弧环境;它们均具有低的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr同位素比值(Isr=0.7033～0.7040)和高的ε_(Nd)(t)值(+9.4～+7.2),与美国西部和俯冲有关的火山岩(安山岩)一致,与加里福尼亚地区Sierra Nevada和Peninsular Ranges白垩纪石英闪长岩也相同,高ε_(Nd)(t)
Tectonically, the Kangguertage is a very important area to understand its metallogenic background and the tectonic evolution of eastern Tianshan section in Central Asia Oregon. However, there are lots of disputes and controversy on the tectonic setting and metallogenic background of the Kangguertage in eastern Tianshan, because of the uncertainty of Kangguertage Ophiolite. Through the research for rock assembly including metamorphic peridotite, cumulate peridotite, gabbro, plagiogranite, diabase, basalt, form south and southwest Kangguertage, we confirm that this rock sequence is a typical ophiolite suit. Harzburgite serpentinized (metaperidolite), serpentinized pyroxenite, altered grabbro in Kangguertage ophiolite are similar to the corresponding rocks in Troodos ophiolite, all low in K. MgO/ (MgO+TFeO) ratios of metamorphic peridotite ranges in 0.83—0.87, and TiO_2 (Wt%) is 0.02%, which is consistent with metamorphic peridotite in SSZ-type ophiolite. Geochemistry of basalt and diabase demonstrates they are of MORB characteristic, with Nb negative anomaly, and the environment discriminations suggest that the ophiolite may form in a SSZ-type back-arc basin serves behind a intra-oceanic arc. The radiolarian silicalite, have Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+Fe_2O_3) average ratios at 0.047, MnO/TiO_2 value 0.93, Ce negative anomaly and Ce/Ce~* equal to 0.548 and La_n/Ce_n ratio 1.661, indicating that the tectonic environment of radiolarian silicalite relate closely to MOR. The SHRIMP Zircon dating of gabbro (494±10 (2σ) Ma) suggest it is of Late-Cambrian to Early-Ordovician age. The ~(143)Nd/~(144)Nd ratios of gabbro, basalt, plagiogranite and keratophyre range in 0.512842~0.513328, ε_(Nd)(t) are +5.7~+10.5, which indicate that Kangguertage ophiolite derived from a depleted mantle, did not suffered_from obvious crustal contamination and possess similar Nd isotopic composition with Jungger terrane. (~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr)_i ratio ranges in
0.703475-0.704923, which is comparable with form fresh basalts the modern oceanic ridge. Information and data mentioned above indicate that Kangguertage ophiolite is ancient oceanic crust relics of Paleozoic Northern Tianshan Ocean. Research on the Early-Paleozoic to Late-Paleozoic granites in the north of Kangguertage faults shows that the granites are all sodium rocks for calc-alkaline series;Trace elements study indicates that they formed in island arc environment at active continental margin;the granites demonstrate low 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios (Isr=0.7033~0.7040) and high eNd(t) values (+9.4~+7.2) , which are consistent with the subduction-related volcanic rocks(andesites) in western U.S, and Sierra Nevada and Peninsular Ranges Cretaceous quartz diorites in California, suggesting that the forming of granites is related to the melting of subducted oceanic crust. All these characteristics indicate that research area experienced the process, from rifting-ocean basin open, oceanic crust subduction, ocean basin to closure, a whole trench-arc-basin system in Paleozoic. The Kangguertage deep fault is the ocean basin closure belt, which may be the suture zone of Tarim block and Kazakstan-Jungger block exposed in Kangguertage area. The definition of trench-arc-basin system and suture zone in the research area provide a substantial evidence for this area's metallogenic tectonic background.
引文
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