临盘油田大芦家地区沙河街组二段下亚段精细油藏描述
|
摘要
针对大芦家地区油藏的地质特点和开发现状，综合应用各种勘探开发资料，以石油地质学、现代沉积学、储层地质学、开发地质学和油藏工程等学科理论为指导，运用高分辨率层序地层学、精细油藏描述技术、测井等现代油藏描述技术和方法，以计算机技术为手段，对大芦家地区沙二下段油藏进行了精细描述研究，提出了相应的挖潜思路。
论文在惠民凹陷构造形成和演化分析研究的基础上，利用三维地震、钻井和生产动态等资料对该区沙二下段油藏进行了构造精细研究，建立了三维精细构造模型，编制了大比例尺小间距等值线的微构造图，逐步搞清了区内小断层的发育分布规律和小幅度微构造的分布特征。在前人研究的基础上，通过岩芯观察、沉积背景和沉积特征分析，进行了储层沉积微相研究，认为该区主要位于三角洲前缘相带，沉积微相主要有水下分流河道、河道间、河口坝和远砂坝等。运用高分辨层序地层学的原理和方法，建立了研究区的层序地层格架，在骨架剖面对比的基础上，将沙二下亚段层系划分为5个砂组，43个小层，为储层的精细描述奠定了基础。分析研究区成岩作用，利用岩心观察、薄片、粒度、常规物性、压汞、扫描电镜和实验等多种方法对研究区储层进行分析研究。压实作用、胶结作用严重影响了储层的储集性能，溶蚀作用对储层孔隙度有很大贡献，云母等碎屑矿物的蚀变作用使非均质性加强，孔隙结构复杂，储集性能降低。针对研究区储层泥质含量高，岩石分异差、岩电关系不明确、物性解释难度大的特点，在测井曲线区域化校正的基础上，按照单井物性分段解释的思路，建立了该区储层解释模型，进行了单井物性参数解释。对储层的非均质性进行了研究，认为该区为层内强非均质，平面非均质相对较强的低渗透储层。丰富的油源、优越的运移条件、良好的储盖组合及以断层为主的构造控制了大芦家地区油水分布和油气成藏。
综合以上研究成果，在石油地质储量计算基础上，对流动单元进行了储量分类评价，分析研究了剩余油的分布特征，提供了进一步开发剩余油的思路。通过研究，对大芦家地区油藏改善开发效果，提高采收率有重要的指导意义，可供同类油藏的开发借鉴。
Considering the geological characteristics and development of heterogeneous block reservoir Dalujia area, Linpan oil-field, applying exploration and development data, guided by the theory of petroleum geology, sedimentology, reservoir geology, development geology, and reservoir engineering, adopting the technical means of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, fine description and distribution of the remaining hydrocarbon of nether S2 in Dalujia oil-field have been studied, a development is proposed.
Based on the research of the tectonic formation and evolution, applying computer and 3D visual modeling technology, the fine structural of nether S2 has been studied, a fine structural model and a large-scale, small gap contour microtectonic graph are presented, the recognizing of the minor fault growing distribution and low-amplitude microtectonic are discussed. Analyzing the background and characteristics of sedimentary and core, the micro facies of the formation are studied. The conclusion is that this area is at the frontal delta zone, the submerged distributary channel, the submerged interdistributary channel, the channel - mouth bar, the far sand bar and the interbar. The main reservoir sand is river sand and the rest is of channel and sand sheet. Applying high resolution sequence stratigraphy, the high resolution sequence stratigraphy hack is concluded. Comparing the framework profile, nether S2 is divided into five sand units and 43 reservoir beds. This is very helpful for fine reservoir description. The reservoir rock physics property is analyzed with a lot of maethods such as analyzing diagenesis, granularity, general reservoir properties and watching core and slice, etc. The Consolidation and cementation affect storage capability greatly, and the dissolution contribute great to the porosity, the Chipping mineral including mica strengthen anisotropism, complex hole structure, debase storage capability. The whole appraisement is given to the dalujia area. Considering the high shale content, poor rock difference and litho-electric, difficult physics interpretation in this area , a better reservoir interpretation model for this area is presented by using the calibrated logging and single well sectional physic interpretation. Analyzing the attributes of the formation, the heterogeneous interpretation is studied. The conclusion is nether S2 is strongly heterogeneous for intra-layer, strongly plane of middle permeability, the inter-layer treatment is the main task for development. The rich source rocks, favorable migration and accumulation conditions,as well as good reservoir-cap rock combinnations have led to the formation of the oil and gas reservoir forming and the distribution of oil and water.
Calculating the geology reserves, the flow unit is evaluated on reserves and the quality and semi-quantity research on macro remaining hydrocarbon is discussed. The micro-remaining hydrocarbon distribution, control factors and formation mechanism are also studied. This research suggested a way of remaining hydrocarbon distribution and development by fine reservoir description for heterogeneous thick block reservoir at high water cut, this technology is very effective to improve the development and (?)overy for nether S2 and also very helpful for the similar reservoir development.
论文在惠民凹陷构造形成和演化分析研究的基础上，利用三维地震、钻井和生产动态等资料对该区沙二下段油藏进行了构造精细研究，建立了三维精细构造模型，编制了大比例尺小间距等值线的微构造图，逐步搞清了区内小断层的发育分布规律和小幅度微构造的分布特征。在前人研究的基础上，通过岩芯观察、沉积背景和沉积特征分析，进行了储层沉积微相研究，认为该区主要位于三角洲前缘相带，沉积微相主要有水下分流河道、河道间、河口坝和远砂坝等。运用高分辨层序地层学的原理和方法，建立了研究区的层序地层格架，在骨架剖面对比的基础上，将沙二下亚段层系划分为5个砂组，43个小层，为储层的精细描述奠定了基础。分析研究区成岩作用，利用岩心观察、薄片、粒度、常规物性、压汞、扫描电镜和实验等多种方法对研究区储层进行分析研究。压实作用、胶结作用严重影响了储层的储集性能，溶蚀作用对储层孔隙度有很大贡献，云母等碎屑矿物的蚀变作用使非均质性加强，孔隙结构复杂，储集性能降低。针对研究区储层泥质含量高，岩石分异差、岩电关系不明确、物性解释难度大的特点，在测井曲线区域化校正的基础上，按照单井物性分段解释的思路，建立了该区储层解释模型，进行了单井物性参数解释。对储层的非均质性进行了研究，认为该区为层内强非均质，平面非均质相对较强的低渗透储层。丰富的油源、优越的运移条件、良好的储盖组合及以断层为主的构造控制了大芦家地区油水分布和油气成藏。
综合以上研究成果，在石油地质储量计算基础上，对流动单元进行了储量分类评价，分析研究了剩余油的分布特征，提供了进一步开发剩余油的思路。通过研究，对大芦家地区油藏改善开发效果，提高采收率有重要的指导意义，可供同类油藏的开发借鉴。
Considering the geological characteristics and development of heterogeneous block reservoir Dalujia area, Linpan oil-field, applying exploration and development data, guided by the theory of petroleum geology, sedimentology, reservoir geology, development geology, and reservoir engineering, adopting the technical means of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy, fine description and distribution of the remaining hydrocarbon of nether S2 in Dalujia oil-field have been studied, a development is proposed.
Based on the research of the tectonic formation and evolution, applying computer and 3D visual modeling technology, the fine structural of nether S2 has been studied, a fine structural model and a large-scale, small gap contour microtectonic graph are presented, the recognizing of the minor fault growing distribution and low-amplitude microtectonic are discussed. Analyzing the background and characteristics of sedimentary and core, the micro facies of the formation are studied. The conclusion is that this area is at the frontal delta zone, the submerged distributary channel, the submerged interdistributary channel, the channel - mouth bar, the far sand bar and the interbar. The main reservoir sand is river sand and the rest is of channel and sand sheet. Applying high resolution sequence stratigraphy, the high resolution sequence stratigraphy hack is concluded. Comparing the framework profile, nether S2 is divided into five sand units and 43 reservoir beds. This is very helpful for fine reservoir description. The reservoir rock physics property is analyzed with a lot of maethods such as analyzing diagenesis, granularity, general reservoir properties and watching core and slice, etc. The Consolidation and cementation affect storage capability greatly, and the dissolution contribute great to the porosity, the Chipping mineral including mica strengthen anisotropism, complex hole structure, debase storage capability. The whole appraisement is given to the dalujia area. Considering the high shale content, poor rock difference and litho-electric, difficult physics interpretation in this area , a better reservoir interpretation model for this area is presented by using the calibrated logging and single well sectional physic interpretation. Analyzing the attributes of the formation, the heterogeneous interpretation is studied. The conclusion is nether S2 is strongly heterogeneous for intra-layer, strongly plane of middle permeability, the inter-layer treatment is the main task for development. The rich source rocks, favorable migration and accumulation conditions,as well as good reservoir-cap rock combinnations have led to the formation of the oil and gas reservoir forming and the distribution of oil and water.
Calculating the geology reserves, the flow unit is evaluated on reserves and the quality and semi-quantity research on macro remaining hydrocarbon is discussed. The micro-remaining hydrocarbon distribution, control factors and formation mechanism are also studied. This research suggested a way of remaining hydrocarbon distribution and development by fine reservoir description for heterogeneous thick block reservoir at high water cut, this technology is very effective to improve the development and (?)overy for nether S2 and also very helpful for the similar reservoir development.
引文
[1] 陈建华，田景春．试论我国陆相层序地层研究中体系域之划分．油气地质与采收率，2001，8(4)：5-8．
[2] 陈敬义，张美荣，高日胜等．文西断裂带构造特征与油气运聚关系，天然气地球科学，2004，15(3)：272-275．
[3] 初宝杰，向才富，姜在兴，夏斌，于俊峰．济阳凹陷西部惠民凹陷第三纪火山岩型油藏成藏机理研究，大地构造与成矿学，2004，28(2)：201-208．
[4] 陈振岩，陈永成，仇劲涛．辽河盆地新生代断裂与油气关系[J]，石油实验地质，2002，24(5)：407-412．
[5] 陈广军，宋国奇．低幅度构造地震解释探讨[J]，石油物探，2000，42(3)：396-398．
[6] 陈祖传．地球物理学进展---地球物理勘探技术的发展·石油地球物理勘探，1995，30(3)．
[7] 窦松江，于兴河，李才雄．流动单元研究在北大港油田中的应用[J]．石油与天然气地质，2004，25(1)：26～30．
[8] 窦立荣，李志，张宝红．构造作用对油气藏的改造[J]，新疆石油地质，2003，24(5)：396-399．
[9] 董波．构造作用与济阳坳陷上第三系油气成藏[J]，油气地质与采收率，2004，11(3)：25-30．
[10] 戴启德，黄玉杰．油田开发地质学[M]，东营：石油大学出版社，1999：291～302．
[11] 邓运华．渤海湾盆地上第三系油藏形成与勘探[J]，中国海上油气(地质)，2000，14(3)：163-167．
[12] 杜贤樾，孙焕泉，郑和荣．胜利油区勘探开发论文集[M]，北京：地质出版社，1999．
[13] 韩天佑，漆家福，杨桥等，惠民凹陷临南地区第三系油气运移聚集特征研究，油气地质与采收率，2003，10(6)：21-23．
[14] 姜秀清，夏斌，王千军．微构造的地震识别与应用效果[J]，天然气工业，2006， 30(1)：57-59．
[15] 蒋有录，张煜．控制复杂断块区油气富集的主要地质因素—以渤海湾盆地东辛地区为例[J]，石油勘探与开发，1999，26(5)：39-42．
[16] 蒋有录．东辛复杂断块油气田成藏特征[J]，石油与天然气地质，1998，19(1)：68-73．
[17] 刘译容，信荃麟等著．油藏描述原理及方法技术，石油工业出版社，1993．
[18] 陆建林，李国强等．高含水期剩余油分布研究，石油学报，2001，22(6)：48-52．
[19] 李福垲编著．黑油和组分模型的应用，科学出版社，1996．11．
[20] 李勤英，阎育英，赵爱武．地震资料全三维精细构造解释技术研究[J]，断块油气田，2001，8(1)：16-19．
[21] 李兴国．对微型构造的点滴新认识[J]，石油勘探与开发，1995，22(1)：64-67．
[22] 李兴国．油层微型构造新探[J]，行油勘探与开发，1996，23(3)：80-86．
[23] 李阳．复杂断块油藏构造表征[M]，石油工业出版社，2001．
[24] 吕延防、付广等．断层封闭性研究[M]，石油工业出版社，2002．
[25] 陆基孟主编．地震勘探原理·东营：石油大学出版社，1990．
[26] [英] 里丁 H G．沉积环境和相[M]，周明鉴等译，北京：科学出版社，1985．5-8．
[27] 林任子，张会亮。陆相储层沉积学进展[M]，北京：石油工业出版社，1995．
[28] 刘雅利，顾琳，方旭庆等．孤南洼陷东部地区上第三系油气成藏规律研究[J]，油气地质与采收率，2005，12(2)：33-35．
[29] 穆龙新，黄石岩等．油藏描述新技术[A]，中国石油天然气总公司油气田开发工作会议论文集(C)，石油工业出版社，1996：1-10．
[30] 裘怿楠．油藏描述[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996：66-215．
[31] 孙焕然，孙国等．胜坨油田特高含水期剩余油分布仿真模型，．2002，29(3)：66-68．
[32] 孙家振，李兰斌．地震地质综合解释教程[M]，中国地质大学出版社，2002．
[33] 沈平平，宋新民，曹宏。现代油藏描述新方法，北京：石油工业出版社，2003．
[34] 苏永进，房新娜，陈丙申．梁家楼油田沙二段油气成藏规律[J]，新疆石油地质，2003，24(4)：296-298．
[35] 孙永河，吕延防，付广等．断裂输导体系输导天然气效率评价方法及其应用[J]，天然气地球科学，2006，17(1)：73-77．
[36] 王志章，石占中等著．现代油藏描述技术，石油工业出版社，1999．12．
[37] 吴胜和．陆相储层流动单元研究的新思路[J]．沉积学报，1999，．17(2)：252-257
[38] 王德明，李华林，王贺林等．油藏描述技术在黄骅坳陷南区的应用[M]，地质出版社，1998．
[39] 吴胜和．储层建模．北京：石油工业出版社，1999．
[40] 吴元燕．油矿地质学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1999．
[41] 王志宏，李建明．八面河油田北区沙三段储层沉积特征及非均质性研究，石油天然气学报，2006，28(3)：187～188．版)，2005，29(6)：1-5
[46] 肖蔚，苏北溱潼凹陷台兴油田储层非均质性研究[J] 石油实验地质，2002，24(6)：223～226．
[47] 肖鸿雁，王萍，杜启振等．储层微型构造与剩余油分布关系研究[J]，断块油气田，2003，10(4)：8-11．
[48] 解建民．断陷盆地中断裂作用与油气的关系[J]．西安地质学院学报．1995，17(3)：48-53．
[49] 俞启泰．关于剩余油研究的探讨，石油勘探与开发，1997，24(2)：46-50．
[42] 王大华，苏宪锋，魏艳萍．垦东凸起上第三系油气分布与断层关系研究[J]，中国海上油气(地质)，2003，17(4)：232-235．
[43] 吴青鹏，郭精义，李红哲等．鄯勒构造带油气成藏主控因素和成藏规律[J]，天然气地球科学，2006，17(1)：97-101．
[44] 徐守余．油藏描述方法原理[M]，石油工业出版社，2005．
[45] 徐会永，国景星。尚店油田东部沙四中亚段沉积微相研究，石油大学学报(自然科学
[50] 袁秉衡．什么是全三维地震解释．石油地球物理勘探，1996，31(6)．
[51] 张一伟，熊琦华，王志章等著．陆相油藏描述，石油工业出版社，1997．
[52] 张幸福，周嘉玺主编．陆相复杂断块油田精细油藏描述技术，石油工业出版社，2001．12．
[53] 曾大乾，焦方正，徐恩信编．油藏描述新技术，石油大学出版社，1999．
[54] 张幸福，周嘉玺主编．陆相复杂断块油田精细油藏描述技术，石油工业出版社，2001．12
[55] 曾大乾，焦方正，徐恩信编．油藏描述新技术，石油大学出版社，1999．
[56] 赵培华，宋社民．利用生产测井资料确定水驱油藏生产剩余油饱和度的方法，石油学报，1997，18(2)：54-60．
[57] 朱九成，黄延章．指进和剩余油分布的实验研究，石油大学学报(自然科学版)1997，21(3)：40-42．
[58] 赵翰卿等．大型河流-三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法，石油学报，2000，21(4)：109-113
[59] 朱志澄．构造地质学[M]，中国地质大学出版社，1999．
[60] 张占松，张超谟，王冠贵．交互式智能型地层倾角测井精细构造解释技术[J]，地球物理学报，1997，40(5)：726-732．
[61] 张照录，王华，杨红．含油气盆地的输导体系研究，石油与天然气地质，2000，21(2)：133-135．
[62] 章凤奇，陈清华，陈汉林．储集层微型构造作图新方法[J]，石油勘探与开发，2005，32(6)：91-93．
[63] 褚庆忠，张树林．渤海湾盆地垦利断裂带构造与油气关系研究[J]，地球学报，2004，25(1)：73-78．
[64] 张善文，王永诗，石砥石．网毯式油气成藏体系-以济阳坳陷新近系为例[J]，石油勘探与开发，2003，30(1)：1-10．
[65] 赵文智，池英柳．渤海湾盆地含油气层系区域分布规律与主控因素[J]，石油学报，2000，21(1)：10-15．
[66] 张照录，王华，杨红．含油气盆地输导体系研究[J]，石油与天然气地质，2000，21(2)：133-135．
[67] Haldorsen, H.H.and Damsleth, E:Challengesin reservoir characterization, AAPG, 1993, (77)4:541-551
[68] Hearn C L, Ebanks W J Jr, Tye R S , et al. Geological factors influencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog Dra field, Wyoming [J] .J Petrol Tech, 1984, 36:1335-13[44].
[69] Weber K J, Van Geuns L C. Framwork for constructing clastic reservoir simulation model[C]. SPE 19582, 1989:109—118.
[70] Rodriguez A, Maraven S A. Facies modeling and the flow unit concept as a sedimentological tool in reservoir description: A case study , (A). Presented at the 63th Annual SPE Technical Conference and Exhibition (C ). Houston, Tesas, Oct, 2-5, 1988:465-472.
[71] Johnson, H.D.& D.J.Stewart. Role of classic sedimentology in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the North Sea 1996: 249-310.
[72] Ti G, et al. Use of flow units as a tool for reservoir description: A case study. SPE Formation Evaluation, 1995. 10(2):122—128.
[73] Abbaszadeh Maghsood, et al. Permeability prediction by Hydraulic Flowunits-Theory and Applications. SPE Formation Evaluation, December, 1996: 263-266.
[74] Haldorsen, H.H.and Damsleth, E:Challengesin reservoir characterization, AAPG, 1993,(77)4:541-551
[75] Bekde E, Person M, Marsily G. Petroleum migration passweys and charge concentration : A three dimension al model: Discussion . AAPG Bulletin, 1999, 83(7): 1015-1019.
[76] Harding T P, Vierbuchen RC and Christie-Blick N. Structural styles, plate-tectonic setting, and hydrocarbon traps of divergen(transtensional) wrench faults. In: K.T. Biddle and N. Cristie Blick eds. Strike-slip deformation, basin formation, and Sedimentation. SEPM Special Publication. 1985, 37: 51-78.
[77] Magoon L B, Dow W G The petroleum system from source to trap. AAPG Memoir. 1994,60:3-22.
[78] Mitchum R M Jr, Vail P E and Thompson S I. The depositional sequence as abasic unit for stratigraphic analysis. In: Payton C E ed. Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Memoir. 1977, 26: 53-62.
[79] Marco Antonellini, Pauline N. Mollema. A Natural Analog for a Fractured and Faulted Reservoir in Dolomite: Triassic Sella Group, Northern Italy. AAPG Bulletin. March 2000, 84(3):314-344.
[80] Peter H. Hennings, Jon E. Olson, Laird B. Thompson. Combining Outcrop Data and Three-Dimensional Structural Models to Characterize Fractured Reservoirs:An Example from Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin. June 2000, 84(6):830-849.
[81] Frank Bilotti, John H.Shaw, Peter A. Brennan. Quantitative structural analysis with stereoscopic remote sensing imagery. AAPG Bulletin. June 2000, 84(6): 727-740.
[82] Li-Yuan Hsiao, Stephan A. Graham, Nat Tilander. Seismic reflection imaging of a major strike-slip fault zone in a rift system: Paleogene structure and evolution of the Tan-Lu fault system, Liaodong Bay, Bohai, offshore China. AAPG Bulletin. January 2004, 88(1): 71-97.
[83] W. Norman Kent, Robert G. Hickman, Udayan Dasgupta. Application of a Ramp/Flat-Fault Model to Interpretation of the Naga Thrust and possible implications for petroleum exploration along the Naga thrust front. AAPG Bulletin. December 2002, 86(12): 2023-2045.
[84] Morley C K, Nelson R A,Ptton T L and Munn S G. Transfer zones in the east African rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts. AAPG Bull. 1990,74:1234-1253.
[85] Nelson R A, Patton T L and Morlry C K. Rift-segment interaction and its relation to hydrocarbon exploration in continental rift systems . AAPG Bulletin. 1992, 76:1153-1169.
[86] Vail P E, Mitchum R M Jr and Thompson S .III, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part4: Global cycles of relative changes of sea level. In: Payton C E ed. Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Memoir. 1977,26:83-97.
[87] Simon A. Kattenhorn, David D. Pollard. Integrating 3-D Seismic Data, Field Analogs, and Mechanical Models in the Analysis of Segmented Normal Faults in the Wytch Farm Oil Field, Southern England, United Kingdom. AAPG Bulletin. July 2001,85(7): 1183-1210.
[88] Roar Heggland. Definition of geohazards in exploration 3-D seismic data using attributes and neural-network analysis. AAPG Bulletin. June 2004, 88(6):857-868.
[2] 陈敬义，张美荣，高日胜等．文西断裂带构造特征与油气运聚关系，天然气地球科学，2004，15(3)：272-275．
[3] 初宝杰，向才富，姜在兴，夏斌，于俊峰．济阳凹陷西部惠民凹陷第三纪火山岩型油藏成藏机理研究，大地构造与成矿学，2004，28(2)：201-208．
[4] 陈振岩，陈永成，仇劲涛．辽河盆地新生代断裂与油气关系[J]，石油实验地质，2002，24(5)：407-412．
[5] 陈广军，宋国奇．低幅度构造地震解释探讨[J]，石油物探，2000，42(3)：396-398．
[6] 陈祖传．地球物理学进展---地球物理勘探技术的发展·石油地球物理勘探，1995，30(3)．
[7] 窦松江，于兴河，李才雄．流动单元研究在北大港油田中的应用[J]．石油与天然气地质，2004，25(1)：26～30．
[8] 窦立荣，李志，张宝红．构造作用对油气藏的改造[J]，新疆石油地质，2003，24(5)：396-399．
[9] 董波．构造作用与济阳坳陷上第三系油气成藏[J]，油气地质与采收率，2004，11(3)：25-30．
[10] 戴启德，黄玉杰．油田开发地质学[M]，东营：石油大学出版社，1999：291～302．
[11] 邓运华．渤海湾盆地上第三系油藏形成与勘探[J]，中国海上油气(地质)，2000，14(3)：163-167．
[12] 杜贤樾，孙焕泉，郑和荣．胜利油区勘探开发论文集[M]，北京：地质出版社，1999．
[13] 韩天佑，漆家福，杨桥等，惠民凹陷临南地区第三系油气运移聚集特征研究，油气地质与采收率，2003，10(6)：21-23．
[14] 姜秀清，夏斌，王千军．微构造的地震识别与应用效果[J]，天然气工业，2006， 30(1)：57-59．
[15] 蒋有录，张煜．控制复杂断块区油气富集的主要地质因素—以渤海湾盆地东辛地区为例[J]，石油勘探与开发，1999，26(5)：39-42．
[16] 蒋有录．东辛复杂断块油气田成藏特征[J]，石油与天然气地质，1998，19(1)：68-73．
[17] 刘译容，信荃麟等著．油藏描述原理及方法技术，石油工业出版社，1993．
[18] 陆建林，李国强等．高含水期剩余油分布研究，石油学报，2001，22(6)：48-52．
[19] 李福垲编著．黑油和组分模型的应用，科学出版社，1996．11．
[20] 李勤英，阎育英，赵爱武．地震资料全三维精细构造解释技术研究[J]，断块油气田，2001，8(1)：16-19．
[21] 李兴国．对微型构造的点滴新认识[J]，石油勘探与开发，1995，22(1)：64-67．
[22] 李兴国．油层微型构造新探[J]，行油勘探与开发，1996，23(3)：80-86．
[23] 李阳．复杂断块油藏构造表征[M]，石油工业出版社，2001．
[24] 吕延防、付广等．断层封闭性研究[M]，石油工业出版社，2002．
[25] 陆基孟主编．地震勘探原理·东营：石油大学出版社，1990．
[26] [英] 里丁 H G．沉积环境和相[M]，周明鉴等译，北京：科学出版社，1985．5-8．
[27] 林任子，张会亮。陆相储层沉积学进展[M]，北京：石油工业出版社，1995．
[28] 刘雅利，顾琳，方旭庆等．孤南洼陷东部地区上第三系油气成藏规律研究[J]，油气地质与采收率，2005，12(2)：33-35．
[29] 穆龙新，黄石岩等．油藏描述新技术[A]，中国石油天然气总公司油气田开发工作会议论文集(C)，石油工业出版社，1996：1-10．
[30] 裘怿楠．油藏描述[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1996：66-215．
[31] 孙焕然，孙国等．胜坨油田特高含水期剩余油分布仿真模型，．2002，29(3)：66-68．
[32] 孙家振，李兰斌．地震地质综合解释教程[M]，中国地质大学出版社，2002．
[33] 沈平平，宋新民，曹宏。现代油藏描述新方法，北京：石油工业出版社，2003．
[34] 苏永进，房新娜，陈丙申．梁家楼油田沙二段油气成藏规律[J]，新疆石油地质，2003，24(4)：296-298．
[35] 孙永河，吕延防，付广等．断裂输导体系输导天然气效率评价方法及其应用[J]，天然气地球科学，2006，17(1)：73-77．
[36] 王志章，石占中等著．现代油藏描述技术，石油工业出版社，1999．12．
[37] 吴胜和．陆相储层流动单元研究的新思路[J]．沉积学报，1999，．17(2)：252-257
[38] 王德明，李华林，王贺林等．油藏描述技术在黄骅坳陷南区的应用[M]，地质出版社，1998．
[39] 吴胜和．储层建模．北京：石油工业出版社，1999．
[40] 吴元燕．油矿地质学[M]．北京：石油工业出版社，1999．
[41] 王志宏，李建明．八面河油田北区沙三段储层沉积特征及非均质性研究，石油天然气学报，2006，28(3)：187～188．版)，2005，29(6)：1-5
[46] 肖蔚，苏北溱潼凹陷台兴油田储层非均质性研究[J] 石油实验地质，2002，24(6)：223～226．
[47] 肖鸿雁，王萍，杜启振等．储层微型构造与剩余油分布关系研究[J]，断块油气田，2003，10(4)：8-11．
[48] 解建民．断陷盆地中断裂作用与油气的关系[J]．西安地质学院学报．1995，17(3)：48-53．
[49] 俞启泰．关于剩余油研究的探讨，石油勘探与开发，1997，24(2)：46-50．
[42] 王大华，苏宪锋，魏艳萍．垦东凸起上第三系油气分布与断层关系研究[J]，中国海上油气(地质)，2003，17(4)：232-235．
[43] 吴青鹏，郭精义，李红哲等．鄯勒构造带油气成藏主控因素和成藏规律[J]，天然气地球科学，2006，17(1)：97-101．
[44] 徐守余．油藏描述方法原理[M]，石油工业出版社，2005．
[45] 徐会永，国景星。尚店油田东部沙四中亚段沉积微相研究，石油大学学报(自然科学
[50] 袁秉衡．什么是全三维地震解释．石油地球物理勘探，1996，31(6)．
[51] 张一伟，熊琦华，王志章等著．陆相油藏描述，石油工业出版社，1997．
[52] 张幸福，周嘉玺主编．陆相复杂断块油田精细油藏描述技术，石油工业出版社，2001．12．
[53] 曾大乾，焦方正，徐恩信编．油藏描述新技术，石油大学出版社，1999．
[54] 张幸福，周嘉玺主编．陆相复杂断块油田精细油藏描述技术，石油工业出版社，2001．12
[55] 曾大乾，焦方正，徐恩信编．油藏描述新技术，石油大学出版社，1999．
[56] 赵培华，宋社民．利用生产测井资料确定水驱油藏生产剩余油饱和度的方法，石油学报，1997，18(2)：54-60．
[57] 朱九成，黄延章．指进和剩余油分布的实验研究，石油大学学报(自然科学版)1997，21(3)：40-42．
[58] 赵翰卿等．大型河流-三角洲沉积储层精细描述方法，石油学报，2000，21(4)：109-113
[59] 朱志澄．构造地质学[M]，中国地质大学出版社，1999．
[60] 张占松，张超谟，王冠贵．交互式智能型地层倾角测井精细构造解释技术[J]，地球物理学报，1997，40(5)：726-732．
[61] 张照录，王华，杨红．含油气盆地的输导体系研究，石油与天然气地质，2000，21(2)：133-135．
[62] 章凤奇，陈清华，陈汉林．储集层微型构造作图新方法[J]，石油勘探与开发，2005，32(6)：91-93．
[63] 褚庆忠，张树林．渤海湾盆地垦利断裂带构造与油气关系研究[J]，地球学报，2004，25(1)：73-78．
[64] 张善文，王永诗，石砥石．网毯式油气成藏体系-以济阳坳陷新近系为例[J]，石油勘探与开发，2003，30(1)：1-10．
[65] 赵文智，池英柳．渤海湾盆地含油气层系区域分布规律与主控因素[J]，石油学报，2000，21(1)：10-15．
[66] 张照录，王华，杨红．含油气盆地输导体系研究[J]，石油与天然气地质，2000，21(2)：133-135．
[67] Haldorsen, H.H.and Damsleth, E:Challengesin reservoir characterization, AAPG, 1993, (77)4:541-551
[68] Hearn C L, Ebanks W J Jr, Tye R S , et al. Geological factors influencing reservoir performance of the Hartzog Dra field, Wyoming [J] .J Petrol Tech, 1984, 36:1335-13[44].
[69] Weber K J, Van Geuns L C. Framwork for constructing clastic reservoir simulation model[C]. SPE 19582, 1989:109—118.
[70] Rodriguez A, Maraven S A. Facies modeling and the flow unit concept as a sedimentological tool in reservoir description: A case study , (A). Presented at the 63th Annual SPE Technical Conference and Exhibition (C ). Houston, Tesas, Oct, 2-5, 1988:465-472.
[71] Johnson, H.D.& D.J.Stewart. Role of classic sedimentology in the exploration and production of oil and gas in the North Sea 1996: 249-310.
[72] Ti G, et al. Use of flow units as a tool for reservoir description: A case study. SPE Formation Evaluation, 1995. 10(2):122—128.
[73] Abbaszadeh Maghsood, et al. Permeability prediction by Hydraulic Flowunits-Theory and Applications. SPE Formation Evaluation, December, 1996: 263-266.
[74] Haldorsen, H.H.and Damsleth, E:Challengesin reservoir characterization, AAPG, 1993,(77)4:541-551
[75] Bekde E, Person M, Marsily G. Petroleum migration passweys and charge concentration : A three dimension al model: Discussion . AAPG Bulletin, 1999, 83(7): 1015-1019.
[76] Harding T P, Vierbuchen RC and Christie-Blick N. Structural styles, plate-tectonic setting, and hydrocarbon traps of divergen(transtensional) wrench faults. In: K.T. Biddle and N. Cristie Blick eds. Strike-slip deformation, basin formation, and Sedimentation. SEPM Special Publication. 1985, 37: 51-78.
[77] Magoon L B, Dow W G The petroleum system from source to trap. AAPG Memoir. 1994,60:3-22.
[78] Mitchum R M Jr, Vail P E and Thompson S I. The depositional sequence as abasic unit for stratigraphic analysis. In: Payton C E ed. Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Memoir. 1977, 26: 53-62.
[79] Marco Antonellini, Pauline N. Mollema. A Natural Analog for a Fractured and Faulted Reservoir in Dolomite: Triassic Sella Group, Northern Italy. AAPG Bulletin. March 2000, 84(3):314-344.
[80] Peter H. Hennings, Jon E. Olson, Laird B. Thompson. Combining Outcrop Data and Three-Dimensional Structural Models to Characterize Fractured Reservoirs:An Example from Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin. June 2000, 84(6):830-849.
[81] Frank Bilotti, John H.Shaw, Peter A. Brennan. Quantitative structural analysis with stereoscopic remote sensing imagery. AAPG Bulletin. June 2000, 84(6): 727-740.
[82] Li-Yuan Hsiao, Stephan A. Graham, Nat Tilander. Seismic reflection imaging of a major strike-slip fault zone in a rift system: Paleogene structure and evolution of the Tan-Lu fault system, Liaodong Bay, Bohai, offshore China. AAPG Bulletin. January 2004, 88(1): 71-97.
[83] W. Norman Kent, Robert G. Hickman, Udayan Dasgupta. Application of a Ramp/Flat-Fault Model to Interpretation of the Naga Thrust and possible implications for petroleum exploration along the Naga thrust front. AAPG Bulletin. December 2002, 86(12): 2023-2045.
[84] Morley C K, Nelson R A,Ptton T L and Munn S G. Transfer zones in the east African rift system and their relevance to hydrocarbon exploration in rifts. AAPG Bull. 1990,74:1234-1253.
[85] Nelson R A, Patton T L and Morlry C K. Rift-segment interaction and its relation to hydrocarbon exploration in continental rift systems . AAPG Bulletin. 1992, 76:1153-1169.
[86] Vail P E, Mitchum R M Jr and Thompson S .III, Seismic stratigraphy and global changes of sea level, Part4: Global cycles of relative changes of sea level. In: Payton C E ed. Seismic stratigraphy applications to hydrocarbon exploration. AAPG Memoir. 1977,26:83-97.
[87] Simon A. Kattenhorn, David D. Pollard. Integrating 3-D Seismic Data, Field Analogs, and Mechanical Models in the Analysis of Segmented Normal Faults in the Wytch Farm Oil Field, Southern England, United Kingdom. AAPG Bulletin. July 2001,85(7): 1183-1210.
[88] Roar Heggland. Definition of geohazards in exploration 3-D seismic data using attributes and neural-network analysis. AAPG Bulletin. June 2004, 88(6):857-868.