丰中子核~(104)Zr、~(114)Ru与缺中子核~(139)Pr的高自旋态研究
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摘要
本论文工作主要研究丰中子核~(104)Zr、~(114)Ru和缺中子核~(139)Pr的高自旋态结构，以加深对核结构、核形状和核力等特性的理解。
丰中子核~(104)Zr和~(114)Ru的实验是在美国Lawrence Berkeley国家实验室的大型γ阵列探测器Gammasphere上进行的，此γ阵列探测器由102个具有反康普顿散射功能的高纯锗探测器组成。采用252Cf自发裂变布居丰中子核高自旋态，对自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱进行测量，建立了三维γ-γ-γ符合矩阵。缺中子核~(139)Pr的实验工作是在中国原子能科学研究院进行的。在HI-13串列静电加速器上采用124Sn (19F,4n)重离子融合—蒸发反应布居此核的高自旋态，束流能量为80MeV，实验记录了二重及二重以上的γ符合事件，总计得到5.2×10~7个等效二重γ-γ符合事件，建立一个总符合矩阵和两个DCO矩阵。
在~(104)Zr的研究中，新发现了一条基于1928.7keV激发态上的集体带结构。对这条带结构进行了系统学分析，并进行了投影壳模型计算，计算结果与实验数据符合得很好，并将这条集体带指定为基于ν5/2-[532] ν3/2~+[411]组态的两准中子带。
在~(114)Ru的研究中，扩展了基带以及一声子γ振动带，新发现了两条可能为二声子γ振动带的能级。在基带中，当转动频率ω≈0.4MeV时显示出集体回弯现象。我们用具有三轴形变参数的推转壳模型进行了计算，结果表明此集体回弯现象是由一对h11/2中子顺排所引起的。三轴投影壳模型计算的γ振动带能级与实验符合的很好，而使用扁椭形变参数的计算结果与实验数据则不能符合，说明~(114)Ru核为三轴形变核。
对于~(139)Pr高自旋态的研究，大大扩展了原有的能级纲图，共发现了39个新能级和44条新跃迁，并新建立了四条集体带结构。通过系统学比较，认为一条由ΔI=2E2跃迁构成的带为退耦带；两条由ΔI=1M1跃迁构成的带为扁椭形变带（γ~-60）；另外一条由ΔI=1M1跃迁构成的带为三轴—扁椭形变带（γ~-90）。对这些集体带的可能的组态特性进行了讨论。
High-spin states of neutron-rich~(104)Zr,~(114)Ru and neutron-deficient~(139)Pr nuclei havebeen studied in order to deeply understand the characteristics of the nuclear structure,nuclear shape, nuclear force, and so forth.
The experiment of~(104)Zr and~(114)Ru nuclei was done at the Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory in U.S.A. The emissions of prompt γ-rays in spontaneous fission of252Cf were measured by the Gammasphere detector array. The Gammasphere detectorarray was built up with102Compton-suppressed High Purity Germanium detectors. Athree-dimensional histogram was created. The experiment of~(139)Pr was performed atHI-13Tandem Accelerator in China Institute of Atomic Energy. The high-spin states of~(139)Pr were populated via the heavy ion fusion-evaporation reaction124Sn (19F,4n) withbeam energy of80MeV. The two-or higher-coincidence events were recorded and atotal of5.2×10~7coincidence events were collected. A γ-γ coincidence matrix and twoDCO matrices were constructed.
In~(104)Zr, a new sideband has been identified with bandhead energy at1928.7keV.We analyzed this band structure using systematics comparison. This band structure wasalso investigated by projected shell model calculations. The calculated levels are ingood agreement with the experiment data and suggest that this band is based on theneutronν5/2-[532] ν3/2~+[411] configuration.
In~(114)Ru, the ground-state band as well as the one-phonon γ-vibrational band hasbeen extended, and two new levels are proposed as the members of two-phononγ-vibrational band. At the rotational frequency ω≈0.4MeV, a back bending has beenobserved in the ground-state band. By using the triaxial deformation paremeters, thecranking shell model calculations indicated that the back bending in~(114)Ru shouldoriginate from the alignment of a pair of h11/2neutrons. While the calculations for theγ-vibrational band structures by using triaxial projected shell model are in goodagreement with the experiment data. But by using oblate deformation parameters, bothcalculated results are not in agreement with the experimental data. This indicates thatthe~(114)Ru is with the triaxial deformation.
In~(139)Pr, the level scheme has been extensively expanded compared to the previous results.Four collective band structures at high spin states have been newly identified.From systematics analysis, one of the bands is proposed as a decoupled band; two bandsare proposed as oblate bands with γ~-60; another band is suggested as aoblate-triaxialband withγ~-90. The possible configurations for these bands have been discussed.
丰中子核~(104)Zr和~(114)Ru的实验是在美国Lawrence Berkeley国家实验室的大型γ阵列探测器Gammasphere上进行的，此γ阵列探测器由102个具有反康普顿散射功能的高纯锗探测器组成。采用252Cf自发裂变布居丰中子核高自旋态，对自发裂变产生的瞬发γ谱进行测量，建立了三维γ-γ-γ符合矩阵。缺中子核~(139)Pr的实验工作是在中国原子能科学研究院进行的。在HI-13串列静电加速器上采用124Sn (19F,4n)重离子融合—蒸发反应布居此核的高自旋态，束流能量为80MeV，实验记录了二重及二重以上的γ符合事件，总计得到5.2×10~7个等效二重γ-γ符合事件，建立一个总符合矩阵和两个DCO矩阵。
在~(104)Zr的研究中，新发现了一条基于1928.7keV激发态上的集体带结构。对这条带结构进行了系统学分析，并进行了投影壳模型计算，计算结果与实验数据符合得很好，并将这条集体带指定为基于ν5/2-[532] ν3/2~+[411]组态的两准中子带。
在~(114)Ru的研究中，扩展了基带以及一声子γ振动带，新发现了两条可能为二声子γ振动带的能级。在基带中，当转动频率ω≈0.4MeV时显示出集体回弯现象。我们用具有三轴形变参数的推转壳模型进行了计算，结果表明此集体回弯现象是由一对h11/2中子顺排所引起的。三轴投影壳模型计算的γ振动带能级与实验符合的很好，而使用扁椭形变参数的计算结果与实验数据则不能符合，说明~(114)Ru核为三轴形变核。
对于~(139)Pr高自旋态的研究，大大扩展了原有的能级纲图，共发现了39个新能级和44条新跃迁，并新建立了四条集体带结构。通过系统学比较，认为一条由ΔI=2E2跃迁构成的带为退耦带；两条由ΔI=1M1跃迁构成的带为扁椭形变带（γ~-60）；另外一条由ΔI=1M1跃迁构成的带为三轴—扁椭形变带（γ~-90）。对这些集体带的可能的组态特性进行了讨论。
High-spin states of neutron-rich~(104)Zr,~(114)Ru and neutron-deficient~(139)Pr nuclei havebeen studied in order to deeply understand the characteristics of the nuclear structure,nuclear shape, nuclear force, and so forth.
The experiment of~(104)Zr and~(114)Ru nuclei was done at the Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory in U.S.A. The emissions of prompt γ-rays in spontaneous fission of252Cf were measured by the Gammasphere detector array. The Gammasphere detectorarray was built up with102Compton-suppressed High Purity Germanium detectors. Athree-dimensional histogram was created. The experiment of~(139)Pr was performed atHI-13Tandem Accelerator in China Institute of Atomic Energy. The high-spin states of~(139)Pr were populated via the heavy ion fusion-evaporation reaction124Sn (19F,4n) withbeam energy of80MeV. The two-or higher-coincidence events were recorded and atotal of5.2×10~7coincidence events were collected. A γ-γ coincidence matrix and twoDCO matrices were constructed.
In~(104)Zr, a new sideband has been identified with bandhead energy at1928.7keV.We analyzed this band structure using systematics comparison. This band structure wasalso investigated by projected shell model calculations. The calculated levels are ingood agreement with the experiment data and suggest that this band is based on theneutronν5/2-[532] ν3/2~+[411] configuration.
In~(114)Ru, the ground-state band as well as the one-phonon γ-vibrational band hasbeen extended, and two new levels are proposed as the members of two-phononγ-vibrational band. At the rotational frequency ω≈0.4MeV, a back bending has beenobserved in the ground-state band. By using the triaxial deformation paremeters, thecranking shell model calculations indicated that the back bending in~(114)Ru shouldoriginate from the alignment of a pair of h11/2neutrons. While the calculations for theγ-vibrational band structures by using triaxial projected shell model are in goodagreement with the experiment data. But by using oblate deformation parameters, bothcalculated results are not in agreement with the experimental data. This indicates thatthe~(114)Ru is with the triaxial deformation.
In~(139)Pr, the level scheme has been extensively expanded compared to the previous results.Four collective band structures at high spin states have been newly identified.From systematics analysis, one of the bands is proposed as a decoupled band; two bandsare proposed as oblate bands with γ~-60; another band is suggested as aoblate-triaxialband withγ~-90. The possible configurations for these bands have been discussed.
引文
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