哀牢山木果石栎林林冠腐殖质养分状况及微生物活性研究
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摘要
在热带、亚热带和温带高海拔潮湿生境的山地森林林冠层中,积累有较为丰富的林冠腐殖质(Canopy humus),是构成山地森林生态系统景观结构的重要组分,为丰富的附生植物生长繁衍提供了重要的生长基质和营养物质。通过对云南哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林林冠腐殖质和其相应林下地表腐殖质的取样分析测定结果表明,由于林冠和林下地表腐殖质的来源、组成和空间分布的不同,它们之间的理化特性、微生物量、酶活性等存在较大的差异,结果如下:
1.哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林中积累有较为丰富、养分含量较高林冠腐殖质,是本区潮湿生境山地森林生态系统重要的养分库,其中林冠腐殖质的pH值低于其林地土壤腐殖质,而它的有机C、全N、全Ca的含量、C/N和阳离子交换量则显著高于林下腐殖质,分别是后者的4.1倍、2.9倍、5.5倍、1.4倍和2.6倍,但全K、全Mg的含量则明显低于林下地表腐殖质,全P的含量在两类腐殖质之间差异不大。
2.哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林林冠腐殖质具有比林下地表腐殖质更高的微生物活性,其微生物量C、N含量及呼吸强度均显著比林下地表腐殖质的高,其中干季(2006年4月)的微生物量C、N分别是后者的2.4倍、2.1倍,在20天的培养过程中,林冠腐殖质的呼吸强度一直高于林下地表腐殖质,表现出其微生物活性具有较强的可持续性。
3.哀牢山林冠腐殖质不仅具有林下土壤所具有各种酶活性,而且酶活性还比较高,其蔗糖酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性均显著高于林下地表腐殖质,分别是林下地表腐殖质的7.1倍、1.8倍和4.7倍,可以用土壤学的测定方法对其进行研究。
以上研究结果说明林冠腐殖质是一种具有较高生物活性的有机土类物质,在山地森林生态系统养分循环、林冠附生植物多样性格局形成及其维持方面具有重要的作用。
There are considerable amounts of canopy humus within the crowns of trees in tropical, subtropical and temperate montane moist forests. As an important structural component, the canopy humus provides essential substrates and nutrients for the growth of abundant epiphytes. In this study, the physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of humus from both canopy and forest floor were analyzed in a subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mts., Yunnan. The significant differences in the physical and chemical properties and microbial activities were found between the canopy humus and humus from forest floor, due to differences in origins, composition of humus and spatial distribution patterns.
1. The canopy humus is an important nutrients pool in subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mts., Yunnan. It had lower pH value, and higher concentration of organic C, total N, total Ca, as well as C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity than humus under the forest floor. The concentrations of total K and total Mg were lower in the former than the latter. There was no significant difference in total P concentration between two humus types.
2. The microbial biomass C and N, respiration rate were significantly higher in canopy humus than the humus under forest floor. The microbial biomass C and N in the canopy humus had 2.4 and 2.1 times more contents than humus under the forest floor, during 20 days incubation, respiration rate of canopy humus was always higher than humus under forest floor and showed stronger sustainable microbial activity.
3. Activities of sucrase, urease and protease were significantly greater in the canopy humus than its terrestrial counterpart. So we can study canopy humus using soil method.
These results above indicated that the canopy humus belong to a category of organic histosol with high nutrients content and microbial activities, and thus it could play important roles in nutrients cycling, maintenance of species diversity pattern of epiphytes in the montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems.
1.哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林中积累有较为丰富、养分含量较高林冠腐殖质,是本区潮湿生境山地森林生态系统重要的养分库,其中林冠腐殖质的pH值低于其林地土壤腐殖质,而它的有机C、全N、全Ca的含量、C/N和阳离子交换量则显著高于林下腐殖质,分别是后者的4.1倍、2.9倍、5.5倍、1.4倍和2.6倍,但全K、全Mg的含量则明显低于林下地表腐殖质,全P的含量在两类腐殖质之间差异不大。
2.哀牢山山地湿性常绿阔叶林林冠腐殖质具有比林下地表腐殖质更高的微生物活性,其微生物量C、N含量及呼吸强度均显著比林下地表腐殖质的高,其中干季(2006年4月)的微生物量C、N分别是后者的2.4倍、2.1倍,在20天的培养过程中,林冠腐殖质的呼吸强度一直高于林下地表腐殖质,表现出其微生物活性具有较强的可持续性。
3.哀牢山林冠腐殖质不仅具有林下土壤所具有各种酶活性,而且酶活性还比较高,其蔗糖酶、脲酶和蛋白酶活性均显著高于林下地表腐殖质,分别是林下地表腐殖质的7.1倍、1.8倍和4.7倍,可以用土壤学的测定方法对其进行研究。
以上研究结果说明林冠腐殖质是一种具有较高生物活性的有机土类物质,在山地森林生态系统养分循环、林冠附生植物多样性格局形成及其维持方面具有重要的作用。
There are considerable amounts of canopy humus within the crowns of trees in tropical, subtropical and temperate montane moist forests. As an important structural component, the canopy humus provides essential substrates and nutrients for the growth of abundant epiphytes. In this study, the physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activities of humus from both canopy and forest floor were analyzed in a subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mts., Yunnan. The significant differences in the physical and chemical properties and microbial activities were found between the canopy humus and humus from forest floor, due to differences in origins, composition of humus and spatial distribution patterns.
1. The canopy humus is an important nutrients pool in subtropical montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mts., Yunnan. It had lower pH value, and higher concentration of organic C, total N, total Ca, as well as C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity than humus under the forest floor. The concentrations of total K and total Mg were lower in the former than the latter. There was no significant difference in total P concentration between two humus types.
2. The microbial biomass C and N, respiration rate were significantly higher in canopy humus than the humus under forest floor. The microbial biomass C and N in the canopy humus had 2.4 and 2.1 times more contents than humus under the forest floor, during 20 days incubation, respiration rate of canopy humus was always higher than humus under forest floor and showed stronger sustainable microbial activity.
3. Activities of sucrase, urease and protease were significantly greater in the canopy humus than its terrestrial counterpart. So we can study canopy humus using soil method.
These results above indicated that the canopy humus belong to a category of organic histosol with high nutrients content and microbial activities, and thus it could play important roles in nutrients cycling, maintenance of species diversity pattern of epiphytes in the montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems.
引文
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