预应力简支钢箱梁的受力性能分析
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摘要
在钢结构中施加预应力可以改善结构的受力状态,增大结构的刚度,达到节约材料、降低造价的目的。近年来,预应力钢结构研究的工作主要是集中在预应力钢桁架、拉杆、压杆等方面,而对于预应力钢结构在桥梁工程中的应用则研究得较少。预应力钢梁是在普通的钢梁内设置高强度预应力钢索而形成的索梁共同受力的组合梁桥。
首先,本文对预应力钢结构的种类和特点以及国内外发展概况进行了阐述,对有限元方法作了简要的介绍,对有限元建模中所使用的材料的屈服准则、材料的强化法则、材料的本构关系,以及双重非线性有限元方程的建立和求解方法做了详细的说明。其次,分别应用有限元软件ANSYS、MIDAS/Civil建立了普通简支钢箱梁和预应力简支钢箱梁的有限元模型,对其加载全过程进行仿真分析,并将有限元计算结果与实测数据进行对比分析,从而验证了所建有限元模型的正确性。通过对比利用ANSYS和MIDAS/Civil计算出的普通简支钢箱梁和预应力简支钢箱梁的极限荷载的数值,说明本文所计算出的极限荷载的数据是可信的。并利用ANSYS对曲线布索的预应力简支钢箱梁的荷载—位移曲线、正应力云图、跨中截面正应力、跨中截面应变、预应力钢索的张力增量进行了详细的分析,考虑了不同非线性因素对预应力钢箱梁的影响。最后,分析了预加力大小、梁的跨高比、双折线索水平段长度和预应力索的形状对钢箱梁由外荷载产生的跨中挠度、梁中应力以及钢索张力增量的影响。
Exerting prestressing force among steel structure can improve mechanical state of structure, increase the rigidity of the structure, achieve the goal of saving materials, reducing the cost. In recent years, the research work in steel structure with prestressed tendons mainly concentrates on prestressing force steel truss, tension rod, compression bar, etc, but the study work to the application in the engineering of bridge building is less. A prestressed steel girder is regarded as composite structure of girder and tendons through establishing prestressed steel cable of high strength in the steel girder.
Firstly, this text set forth the kind, characteristic, domestic and international development overview of the steel structure of prestressing force, introduced briefly the idea of finite element, and explained methods adopted in the model of finite element, which contains surrender criterion of material, strengthen rule of material, the relationship of stress and strain for material, and the foundation and solving of double non-linear finite element equations. Secondly, the finite element models of steel box girder and steel box girder with prestressed tendons were established by applying the finite element software ANSYS and MIDAS/Civil separately, introduced the simulation analysis of the whole loading process, and compared and analysed the calculating value and the experiment value, which proved the finite element model was right. The value of limit load, which was caculated by software ANSYS and MIDAS/Civil, was credible in this text through comparing the limit load of steel box girder and steel box girder with prestressed tendons. And this model is adopted to analyse loading-displacement curve, stress diagram, variation of stress at mid-span, variation of strain at mid-span, the increcement of tensile force of steel tendons, and considered the effect of different non-linear factors on the girder. Finally, factors that could have effect on the deflection at mid-span, the stress of the girder and the increcement of tensile force of steel cables, such as the prestressing force, ratio of span to rise, and the different cable layouts.
首先,本文对预应力钢结构的种类和特点以及国内外发展概况进行了阐述,对有限元方法作了简要的介绍,对有限元建模中所使用的材料的屈服准则、材料的强化法则、材料的本构关系,以及双重非线性有限元方程的建立和求解方法做了详细的说明。其次,分别应用有限元软件ANSYS、MIDAS/Civil建立了普通简支钢箱梁和预应力简支钢箱梁的有限元模型,对其加载全过程进行仿真分析,并将有限元计算结果与实测数据进行对比分析,从而验证了所建有限元模型的正确性。通过对比利用ANSYS和MIDAS/Civil计算出的普通简支钢箱梁和预应力简支钢箱梁的极限荷载的数值,说明本文所计算出的极限荷载的数据是可信的。并利用ANSYS对曲线布索的预应力简支钢箱梁的荷载—位移曲线、正应力云图、跨中截面正应力、跨中截面应变、预应力钢索的张力增量进行了详细的分析,考虑了不同非线性因素对预应力钢箱梁的影响。最后,分析了预加力大小、梁的跨高比、双折线索水平段长度和预应力索的形状对钢箱梁由外荷载产生的跨中挠度、梁中应力以及钢索张力增量的影响。
Exerting prestressing force among steel structure can improve mechanical state of structure, increase the rigidity of the structure, achieve the goal of saving materials, reducing the cost. In recent years, the research work in steel structure with prestressed tendons mainly concentrates on prestressing force steel truss, tension rod, compression bar, etc, but the study work to the application in the engineering of bridge building is less. A prestressed steel girder is regarded as composite structure of girder and tendons through establishing prestressed steel cable of high strength in the steel girder.
Firstly, this text set forth the kind, characteristic, domestic and international development overview of the steel structure of prestressing force, introduced briefly the idea of finite element, and explained methods adopted in the model of finite element, which contains surrender criterion of material, strengthen rule of material, the relationship of stress and strain for material, and the foundation and solving of double non-linear finite element equations. Secondly, the finite element models of steel box girder and steel box girder with prestressed tendons were established by applying the finite element software ANSYS and MIDAS/Civil separately, introduced the simulation analysis of the whole loading process, and compared and analysed the calculating value and the experiment value, which proved the finite element model was right. The value of limit load, which was caculated by software ANSYS and MIDAS/Civil, was credible in this text through comparing the limit load of steel box girder and steel box girder with prestressed tendons. And this model is adopted to analyse loading-displacement curve, stress diagram, variation of stress at mid-span, variation of strain at mid-span, the increcement of tensile force of steel tendons, and considered the effect of different non-linear factors on the girder. Finally, factors that could have effect on the deflection at mid-span, the stress of the girder and the increcement of tensile force of steel cables, such as the prestressing force, ratio of span to rise, and the different cable layouts.
引文
[1]胡宇秋.大跨度预应力工字钢梁的变形与弹塑性研究[D].兰州理工大学硕士论文,2005:1-7
[2]钟善桐.预应力钢结构[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1986:1-136
[3]汤泓,徐亚丰,白首宴.我国钢结构的发展综述[J].西部探矿工程,2005(1):145-146
[4]熊学玉.体外预应力结构设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:222-225
[5]M.S.Troisky.Prestressed Steel Bridge-Theory and Design[M].New York Van Nostrand Reinhold,1990
[6]G.Magnel.Prestressed Steel Structures[M].The Structural Engineer,1950
[7]冯昆荣,肖伦斌.钢结构的发展—预应力钢结构[J].四川建材,2006:224-225
[8]黄海波,张国卫,朱平.预应力钢结构的特点及应用[J].泰州职业技术学院学报,2005,5(1):40-42
[9]赵汉龙,赵国杨.预应力钢结构静力性能研究[J].设计研究,2007(6):53-54
[10]王景全,付修兵,孙宝俊.预应力钢桥的发展及应用前景[J].公路,2004:64-68
[11]M.Harajli,N.Khairallah,and H.Hassif.Externally Prestressed Members:Evaluation of Second-order Effects[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1999(9):1151-1161
[12]F.M.Alkhaid,A.E.Naaman.Analysis of Beam Prestressed with Unbounded Internal or External Tendons[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1993,119(9):2680-2700
[13]Pisanil M A.Numberical Model for External Prestressed Beams[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,1996,4(2):177-190
[14]Apadcio A C,Ramos G.Flexural Strength of Externally Prestressed Concrete Bridges[J].ACI,Structural Journal,1996,93(5):512-523
[15]Ayaho Miyamoto.Behavior of Prestressed Beam Strengthened with External Tendons[J].Journal of Structure Engineering,2000:1030-1037
[16]贾艳敏,盖秉政,张印阁,倪元增.预应力钢箱梁的非线性分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学报,2002,34(3):352-355
[17]耿直.预应力钢结构的静、动力性能研究[D].清华大学工程硕士论文,2004:1-16
[18]张波,盛和太.ANSYS有限元数值分析原理与工程应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1-211
[19]Y.K.Cheung.Finite Strip Method In Structural Analysis[M].Pergamon Press,Oxford,etc,1976:3-32
[20]Clough R W.The Finite Element in Plane Stress Analysis[A].2nd ASCE Conference on Electronic Computation,1960:78-84
[21]E1-Habr Austin:K C.Finite Element Analysis of Externally Prestressed Segmental Construction[D].San Antonio:University of Texas,1988:98-103
[22]Asta A D,Zona A.Finite Element Model for Externally Prestressed Composite Beams With Deformable Connection[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131(5):706-713
[23]Zienkiewicz,Parekh.Transient Field Problem:Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Analysis by Isoparamtreic Finite Elements[J].International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineers,1970,9(1):63-80
[24]Robert L Taylor.On a Finite Element Method for Dynamic Contact Impact Problems[J].Int.J.Number Methods Eng,1993,18(36):123-140
[25]Clough.The Finite Element Method in Plane Stress Analysis[J].Journal of Eng Mach Div ASCE,1977,5(2):43-56
[26]Szabo,Lee.Derivation of Stiffness Matrices for Problems in Plane Elasticity by Galerkin's Method[J].International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering ASCE,1969,12(5):103-105
[27]Halifax,N.S.Bridge Analysis Using Finite Elements[M].Public Works Canada Ottawa Ontario,1985
[28]ANSYS China[M].ANSYS Manual,2001:56-178
[29]Deng L Z,Ghosn Michel,Ales Znidaric etal.Nonlinear Flexural Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2001,6(4):276-284
[30]吕和祥,蒋和洋.非线性有限元[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1992
[31]蒋友谅.非线性有限元fM].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1988
[32]张卫辉.考虑粘结滑移的钢筋混凝土[D].湖南大学硕士论文,2006:11-16
[33]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与应用[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1994:17-19
[34]吕西林,金国芳,吴晓涵.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997:13-17
[35]Wu X H,Otani S,Shiohara H.Tendon Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2001,127(4):398-405
[36]H.Cx Kwak,F.C.Filippou.Nonlinear FE Analysis of R/C Structures Under Monotonic Loads[J].Computer&Structures,1997,65(1):1-16
[37]G.Teng,J.M.Rotter.Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Shells of Revolution[J].Computer&Strucutres,1992,42(1):327-340
[38]Imai,Kiyohiro,Frangopol,Dan M.Response Prediction of Geometrically Nonlinear Structures[J].Struct Eng,2000,126(11):1348-1355
[39]Fenves G.Nonlinear Analysis of Externally Prestressed Bridges[A].Proceedings,Ninth Conference on Electronic Computation[C].Birmingham:ASCE,1986:121-129
[40]Barbieri R A,Gastal F P S L.Numerical Model for The Analysis of Unbonded Prestressed Members[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,132(1):34-42
[41]Ariyawardena N,Ghali A.Prestressing with Unbonded Internal or External Tendons:Analysis and Computer Model[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(12):1493-1501
[42]彭可可,贺国京.大跨度桥梁极限承载力的双重非线性分析[J].中南林学院学报,2006,26(3):74-77
[43]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,1998,292-567
[44]刘天成.无粘结部分预应力混凝土简支梁非线性有限元分析[D].东北林业大学硕士论文,2004:13-16
[45]陈绍蕃.钢结构[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:231-235
[46]孙云.预应力加固钢结构的理论分析与设计计算研究[D].东南大学硕士论文,2003:7-9
[47]贾艳敏,盖秉政,张印阁,倪元增.预应力钢梁理论分析与试验研究[J].工程力学,2003,20(3):161-166
[48]沈祖炎.钢结构学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:5-6
[49]吴涛.预应力碳纤维布加固钢梁抗弯性能研究[D].武汉大学硕士论文,2005:32-40
[2]钟善桐.预应力钢结构[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1986:1-136
[3]汤泓,徐亚丰,白首宴.我国钢结构的发展综述[J].西部探矿工程,2005(1):145-146
[4]熊学玉.体外预应力结构设计[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:222-225
[5]M.S.Troisky.Prestressed Steel Bridge-Theory and Design[M].New York Van Nostrand Reinhold,1990
[6]G.Magnel.Prestressed Steel Structures[M].The Structural Engineer,1950
[7]冯昆荣,肖伦斌.钢结构的发展—预应力钢结构[J].四川建材,2006:224-225
[8]黄海波,张国卫,朱平.预应力钢结构的特点及应用[J].泰州职业技术学院学报,2005,5(1):40-42
[9]赵汉龙,赵国杨.预应力钢结构静力性能研究[J].设计研究,2007(6):53-54
[10]王景全,付修兵,孙宝俊.预应力钢桥的发展及应用前景[J].公路,2004:64-68
[11]M.Harajli,N.Khairallah,and H.Hassif.Externally Prestressed Members:Evaluation of Second-order Effects[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1999(9):1151-1161
[12]F.M.Alkhaid,A.E.Naaman.Analysis of Beam Prestressed with Unbounded Internal or External Tendons[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,1993,119(9):2680-2700
[13]Pisanil M A.Numberical Model for External Prestressed Beams[J].Structural Engineering and Mechanics,1996,4(2):177-190
[14]Apadcio A C,Ramos G.Flexural Strength of Externally Prestressed Concrete Bridges[J].ACI,Structural Journal,1996,93(5):512-523
[15]Ayaho Miyamoto.Behavior of Prestressed Beam Strengthened with External Tendons[J].Journal of Structure Engineering,2000:1030-1037
[16]贾艳敏,盖秉政,张印阁,倪元增.预应力钢箱梁的非线性分析[J].哈尔滨工业大学报,2002,34(3):352-355
[17]耿直.预应力钢结构的静、动力性能研究[D].清华大学工程硕士论文,2004:1-16
[18]张波,盛和太.ANSYS有限元数值分析原理与工程应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1-211
[19]Y.K.Cheung.Finite Strip Method In Structural Analysis[M].Pergamon Press,Oxford,etc,1976:3-32
[20]Clough R W.The Finite Element in Plane Stress Analysis[A].2nd ASCE Conference on Electronic Computation,1960:78-84
[21]E1-Habr Austin:K C.Finite Element Analysis of Externally Prestressed Segmental Construction[D].San Antonio:University of Texas,1988:98-103
[22]Asta A D,Zona A.Finite Element Model for Externally Prestressed Composite Beams With Deformable Connection[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,131(5):706-713
[23]Zienkiewicz,Parekh.Transient Field Problem:Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Analysis by Isoparamtreic Finite Elements[J].International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineers,1970,9(1):63-80
[24]Robert L Taylor.On a Finite Element Method for Dynamic Contact Impact Problems[J].Int.J.Number Methods Eng,1993,18(36):123-140
[25]Clough.The Finite Element Method in Plane Stress Analysis[J].Journal of Eng Mach Div ASCE,1977,5(2):43-56
[26]Szabo,Lee.Derivation of Stiffness Matrices for Problems in Plane Elasticity by Galerkin's Method[J].International Journal of Numerical Methods in Engineering ASCE,1969,12(5):103-105
[27]Halifax,N.S.Bridge Analysis Using Finite Elements[M].Public Works Canada Ottawa Ontario,1985
[28]ANSYS China[M].ANSYS Manual,2001:56-178
[29]Deng L Z,Ghosn Michel,Ales Znidaric etal.Nonlinear Flexural Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges[J].Journal of Bridge Engineering,2001,6(4):276-284
[30]吕和祥,蒋和洋.非线性有限元[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1992
[31]蒋友谅.非线性有限元fM].北京:北京工业学院出版社,1988
[32]张卫辉.考虑粘结滑移的钢筋混凝土[D].湖南大学硕士论文,2006:11-16
[33]陈骥.钢结构稳定理论与应用[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1994:17-19
[34]吕西林,金国芳,吴晓涵.钢筋混凝土结构非线性有限元理论与应用[M].上海:同济大学出版社,1997:13-17
[35]Wu X H,Otani S,Shiohara H.Tendon Model for Nonlinear Analysis of Prestressed Concrete Structures[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2001,127(4):398-405
[36]H.Cx Kwak,F.C.Filippou.Nonlinear FE Analysis of R/C Structures Under Monotonic Loads[J].Computer&Structures,1997,65(1):1-16
[37]G.Teng,J.M.Rotter.Geometrically and Materially Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Shells of Revolution[J].Computer&Strucutres,1992,42(1):327-340
[38]Imai,Kiyohiro,Frangopol,Dan M.Response Prediction of Geometrically Nonlinear Structures[J].Struct Eng,2000,126(11):1348-1355
[39]Fenves G.Nonlinear Analysis of Externally Prestressed Bridges[A].Proceedings,Ninth Conference on Electronic Computation[C].Birmingham:ASCE,1986:121-129
[40]Barbieri R A,Gastal F P S L.Numerical Model for The Analysis of Unbonded Prestressed Members[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2005,132(1):34-42
[41]Ariyawardena N,Ghali A.Prestressing with Unbonded Internal or External Tendons:Analysis and Computer Model[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2002,128(12):1493-1501
[42]彭可可,贺国京.大跨度桥梁极限承载力的双重非线性分析[J].中南林学院学报,2006,26(3):74-77
[43]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].中国水利水电出版社,1998,292-567
[44]刘天成.无粘结部分预应力混凝土简支梁非线性有限元分析[D].东北林业大学硕士论文,2004:13-16
[45]陈绍蕃.钢结构[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992:231-235
[46]孙云.预应力加固钢结构的理论分析与设计计算研究[D].东南大学硕士论文,2003:7-9
[47]贾艳敏,盖秉政,张印阁,倪元增.预应力钢梁理论分析与试验研究[J].工程力学,2003,20(3):161-166
[48]沈祖炎.钢结构学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2005:5-6
[49]吴涛.预应力碳纤维布加固钢梁抗弯性能研究[D].武汉大学硕士论文,2005:32-40
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