大跨径钢桥面铺装体系力学分析与优化设计
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摘要
大跨径钢桥的铺装结构体系通常采用扁平薄壁流线型钢箱梁及薄层沥青混合料铺装层以减轻恒载,提高跨越能力。由于正交异性钢桥面板的结构特异性以及由于沥青混合料的材料特性,在行车荷载和环境温度荷载的作用下,在沥青混合料铺装层表面易出现疲劳开裂和车辙、拥包等病害,严重影响了大跨径钢桥的使用性能。因此,开展对大跨径钢桥铺装结构体系力学分析和设计研究显得十分迫切。
本文在对钢桥面铺装结构体系的功能及病害产生原因进行综合分析的基础上,提出铺装结构体系的设计应综合考虑沥青混合料材料特性,行车荷载等级与交通量,沥青铺装层厚度与结构总体强度,正交异性钢桥面板厚度,加劲肋尺寸以及横隔板厚度、间距等。首先对钢桥面铺装层沥青混合料进行试验研究,在试验基础上选择合适的沥青混合料,同时获取沥青混合料的材料特性参数;其次,通过沥青混合料的蠕变试验,建立沥青混合料的粘弹塑性分析模型,对钢桥面铺装层的车辙破坏机理进行研究;在高等级公路沥青路面结构的温度应力研究的基础上,利用二维粘弹性层状理论体系对钢桥面铺装层的温度应力进行了探讨;应用多目标优化分析方法对钢桥面铺装结构体系进行了优化设计,分别给出了铺装层厚度、钢桥面板厚度、横隔板间距、厚度、加劲肋间距及加劲肋刚度等优化值;最后,应用有限单元法对钢桥面铺装结构体系进行局部力学分析,研究了正交异性钢桥面铺装层内应力、应变分布规律以及极限荷载位置,通过改变结构特性、荷载特性以及材料特性,分析了钢桥面铺装层对这些因素的敏感性,得出了大跨径钢桥必须限制超载车辆通过的结论。在力学分析的基础上,多目标优秀设计方法对大跨钢桥的铺装层厚度,正交异性钢桥面板厚度,加劲肋尺寸以及横隔板厚度、间距等进行了优化设计,并提出一种新型的钢桥面铺装层结构——双层铺装。同时,以润扬长江公路大桥试验桥为对象,通过现场实验研究,验证了本文关于钢桥面铺装体系的设计理论。
总之,本文在大跨径钢桥面沥青铺装层的力学分析及结构设计方面所做的研究工作,对我国大跨径钢桥铺装结构体系的设计将有重要的参考意义。
Streamlined steel box girder and thin asphalt paving have been used popularly by long-span steel bridge to reduce dead loadings and improve the span capacity of the bridge. Because of the special characteristics of the orthotropic deck of steel bridge and characteristics of the asphalt mixture, fatigue failure, rut and swell are always found on the pavement and these destroy severely the performance of steel bridge. Thus it is urgent to do some researches about mechanics and structure design of paving system of long-span steel bridge.
Based on the discusses about functions and failures of paving system of long span steel bridge, this dissertation brings forward that the paving system design should think over the characteristics of asphalt mixture, vehicle load grade, traffic size, asphalt pavement thickness, total structural strength, thickness of orthotropic steel bridge deck, dimensions of rib, thickness and distance of the transverse beam et al. Firstly, the tests for asphalt mixture of steel bridge pavement have been done, and based on the result, the appropriate asphalt mixture has been chosen, and the performance of asphalt mixture has been obtained. Secondly, based on the creep test of asphalt mixture, the visco-elastoplastic characteristics of asphalt mixture are modeled, and the failures mechanism of the steel bridge pavement has been analyzed. Based on the result of thermal stress in high way pavement, two-dimensional viscoelastic layered system has been used to analyze the thermal stress of steel bridge pavement. Finally, the FEM is used to analyze the local mechanical characteristics of steel bridge pavement. The distribution of stress, strain and position of limit loading in pavement surfacing are studied. At the same time, sensitivities of asphalt paving have been discussed by changing characters of structure, loading and materials. Thus some conclusions such as limited loadings come into being. Based on mechanical analysis, the structural optimum design for steel bridge pavement system considering the maximum stress on pavement surfacing is discussed from thickness of pavement, thickness steel deck, dimensions of rib, thickness and distance of the transverse beam, and a new pavement system—two-layer pavement is offered. The design theory of long-span steel bridge pavement system in the dissertation is verified by the experimental bridge of Ruenyang Bridge.
In a word, researches about mechanics analysis and structure design of long-span steel bridge asphalt pavement system in the dissertation will have a great academic and practical values to construction of the long-span steel bridge pavement system in our country.
本文在对钢桥面铺装结构体系的功能及病害产生原因进行综合分析的基础上,提出铺装结构体系的设计应综合考虑沥青混合料材料特性,行车荷载等级与交通量,沥青铺装层厚度与结构总体强度,正交异性钢桥面板厚度,加劲肋尺寸以及横隔板厚度、间距等。首先对钢桥面铺装层沥青混合料进行试验研究,在试验基础上选择合适的沥青混合料,同时获取沥青混合料的材料特性参数;其次,通过沥青混合料的蠕变试验,建立沥青混合料的粘弹塑性分析模型,对钢桥面铺装层的车辙破坏机理进行研究;在高等级公路沥青路面结构的温度应力研究的基础上,利用二维粘弹性层状理论体系对钢桥面铺装层的温度应力进行了探讨;应用多目标优化分析方法对钢桥面铺装结构体系进行了优化设计,分别给出了铺装层厚度、钢桥面板厚度、横隔板间距、厚度、加劲肋间距及加劲肋刚度等优化值;最后,应用有限单元法对钢桥面铺装结构体系进行局部力学分析,研究了正交异性钢桥面铺装层内应力、应变分布规律以及极限荷载位置,通过改变结构特性、荷载特性以及材料特性,分析了钢桥面铺装层对这些因素的敏感性,得出了大跨径钢桥必须限制超载车辆通过的结论。在力学分析的基础上,多目标优秀设计方法对大跨钢桥的铺装层厚度,正交异性钢桥面板厚度,加劲肋尺寸以及横隔板厚度、间距等进行了优化设计,并提出一种新型的钢桥面铺装层结构——双层铺装。同时,以润扬长江公路大桥试验桥为对象,通过现场实验研究,验证了本文关于钢桥面铺装体系的设计理论。
总之,本文在大跨径钢桥面沥青铺装层的力学分析及结构设计方面所做的研究工作,对我国大跨径钢桥铺装结构体系的设计将有重要的参考意义。
Streamlined steel box girder and thin asphalt paving have been used popularly by long-span steel bridge to reduce dead loadings and improve the span capacity of the bridge. Because of the special characteristics of the orthotropic deck of steel bridge and characteristics of the asphalt mixture, fatigue failure, rut and swell are always found on the pavement and these destroy severely the performance of steel bridge. Thus it is urgent to do some researches about mechanics and structure design of paving system of long-span steel bridge.
Based on the discusses about functions and failures of paving system of long span steel bridge, this dissertation brings forward that the paving system design should think over the characteristics of asphalt mixture, vehicle load grade, traffic size, asphalt pavement thickness, total structural strength, thickness of orthotropic steel bridge deck, dimensions of rib, thickness and distance of the transverse beam et al. Firstly, the tests for asphalt mixture of steel bridge pavement have been done, and based on the result, the appropriate asphalt mixture has been chosen, and the performance of asphalt mixture has been obtained. Secondly, based on the creep test of asphalt mixture, the visco-elastoplastic characteristics of asphalt mixture are modeled, and the failures mechanism of the steel bridge pavement has been analyzed. Based on the result of thermal stress in high way pavement, two-dimensional viscoelastic layered system has been used to analyze the thermal stress of steel bridge pavement. Finally, the FEM is used to analyze the local mechanical characteristics of steel bridge pavement. The distribution of stress, strain and position of limit loading in pavement surfacing are studied. At the same time, sensitivities of asphalt paving have been discussed by changing characters of structure, loading and materials. Thus some conclusions such as limited loadings come into being. Based on mechanical analysis, the structural optimum design for steel bridge pavement system considering the maximum stress on pavement surfacing is discussed from thickness of pavement, thickness steel deck, dimensions of rib, thickness and distance of the transverse beam, and a new pavement system—two-layer pavement is offered. The design theory of long-span steel bridge pavement system in the dissertation is verified by the experimental bridge of Ruenyang Bridge.
In a word, researches about mechanics analysis and structure design of long-span steel bridge asphalt pavement system in the dissertation will have a great academic and practical values to construction of the long-span steel bridge pavement system in our country.
引文
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