车辐式张拉结构设计理论与施工控制关键技术研究
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摘要
对结构“形”与“力”的控制是施工控制的主要内容。对张拉结构而言，由于预应力是结构刚度的主要来源之一，结构的“形”与“力”互相依赖，施工控制难度更大。本文以车辐式张拉屋盖结构为对象，研究了其设计理论与施工控制的关键技术问题。
首先依据车辐式结构的拓扑特点，提出了对其进行找力分析的逐点去约束法和节点位移法。这两种方法可在通用有限元软件上直接应用，为其设计与施工控制一体化分析提供了基础。
针对定尺定长设计与张拉技术在车辐式结构中的应用，提出了确定拉索加工长度误差限值的方法。该方法以一次二阶矩可靠度指标为基础，根据成型结构预应力变化量对构件长度误差的敏感性将构件分为局部敏感性构件和全局敏感性构件，并对它们确定不同的长度误差限值。该方法为宝安体育场车辐式屋盖的施工和验收提供了依据。
研究了施工环境温度对车辐式结构成型状态的影响，揭示了“受压环梁与拉索的加工环境温度之差对成型状态索力偏差影响最大，而安装环境温度的影响可以忽略”的规律。研究了环梁安装位形偏差、幕墙体系参与张拉阶段受力等因素对成型状态的影响，提出了相应的建模分析方法，并将其应用在宝安体育场施工控制中。
提出了一种基于静力位移测量值的索力识别方法，该方法能够应用在单自应力模态张拉结构中。研究了位移测量误差对索力识别结果准确度的影响。通过比较多种加载-测量方案，总结出提高索力识别结果准确度的方法是采用让结构几何刚度发挥主要作用的加载方式。通过在车辐式结构和索穹顶结构模型上的试验证明了这种方法的可行性。讨论了几何位形建模误差的影响及这种方法在多自应力模态结构中的应用。
结合深圳宝安体育场车辐式屋盖制作了1:10整体模型，进行了多种张拉方案的模拟及断索试验。通过试验和数值分析比较了多种张拉方案的索力发展历程、对张拉设备吨位和数量的要求，为宝安体育场的张拉施工提供了理论依据，也证明了定尺定长设计与张拉方法的可行性。
The control of configuration and force is the primary content of constructioncontrol. For tension structures, since pre-stress is one of the main sources of stiffness,structural configuration and force depend on each other and they are more difficult tocontrol than ordinary rigid structures. Based on spoke structural roof, this paper studiedits key problems of design theory and construction control.
Firstly, according to the topologic properties of spoke structures,Constraint Removal Method and Nodal Displacement Method are proposed forforce-finding analysis. These two methods can find the distribution of pre-stressof the spoke structures associated with general finite element software directly.They are the foundation of integrated analysis for spoke structures’ design andconstruction control.
Aimed at the application of Design and Tension in Fixed Length and SizeTechnology, a method to determine the length tolerance criteria of cables inspoke structures is obtained, which is based on first-order-second-momentreliability index. With respect to the sensitivity of pre-stress variation to cableslength error, the method divides spoke structures’ members into two categories:local sensitive members and global sensitive members, and give them differentlength tolerance criteria. The criteria are the construction and acceptancestandard of Bao’an Stadium.
The influence of construction environment temperature on initial pre-stressstate of spoke structure is studied. It is proved that the difference between themanufacturing temperature of compression ring and cables affects the initialpre-stress state mostly while the influence of installation temperature inconstruction site can be ignored. A method to evaluate the affection ofcompression ring’s configuration error and the phenomena that curtain wallsystem gets involved in the tension process is brought forward and used in theconstruction of Bao’an Stadium.
A method to estimate cable force based on static displacementmeasurement is proposed, which can be used in tension structures with singleself-stress mode. The disturbance of displacement measurement error to the veracity of cable force estimation result is researched. With the comparing ofseveral load-measurement schemes, it is summarized that the load scheme toimprove veracity of cable force estimation result is the load under which thestructural geometric stiffness takes primary effect. The method was carried outon a spoke structure and a cable dome respectively and proved to be available.The influence of finite element model’s configuration error and the method’sapplication on the multi-self-stress-mode structures is discussed.
According to Bao’an Stadium, an integrated model of spoke structural roofwith scale of1:10was built. Several tension schemes and cable-breakingexperiment were carried out on the model. The course of cable forces duringtension process and the requirement for capacity and amount of tensionequipment were compared with experiment data and numerical analysis.Optimal scheme was selected and used as reference for construction of Bao’anStadium. The experiment also proved that Design and Tension in Fixed Lengthand Size Technology is available.
首先依据车辐式结构的拓扑特点，提出了对其进行找力分析的逐点去约束法和节点位移法。这两种方法可在通用有限元软件上直接应用，为其设计与施工控制一体化分析提供了基础。
针对定尺定长设计与张拉技术在车辐式结构中的应用，提出了确定拉索加工长度误差限值的方法。该方法以一次二阶矩可靠度指标为基础，根据成型结构预应力变化量对构件长度误差的敏感性将构件分为局部敏感性构件和全局敏感性构件，并对它们确定不同的长度误差限值。该方法为宝安体育场车辐式屋盖的施工和验收提供了依据。
研究了施工环境温度对车辐式结构成型状态的影响，揭示了“受压环梁与拉索的加工环境温度之差对成型状态索力偏差影响最大，而安装环境温度的影响可以忽略”的规律。研究了环梁安装位形偏差、幕墙体系参与张拉阶段受力等因素对成型状态的影响，提出了相应的建模分析方法，并将其应用在宝安体育场施工控制中。
提出了一种基于静力位移测量值的索力识别方法，该方法能够应用在单自应力模态张拉结构中。研究了位移测量误差对索力识别结果准确度的影响。通过比较多种加载-测量方案，总结出提高索力识别结果准确度的方法是采用让结构几何刚度发挥主要作用的加载方式。通过在车辐式结构和索穹顶结构模型上的试验证明了这种方法的可行性。讨论了几何位形建模误差的影响及这种方法在多自应力模态结构中的应用。
结合深圳宝安体育场车辐式屋盖制作了1:10整体模型，进行了多种张拉方案的模拟及断索试验。通过试验和数值分析比较了多种张拉方案的索力发展历程、对张拉设备吨位和数量的要求，为宝安体育场的张拉施工提供了理论依据，也证明了定尺定长设计与张拉方法的可行性。
The control of configuration and force is the primary content of constructioncontrol. For tension structures, since pre-stress is one of the main sources of stiffness,structural configuration and force depend on each other and they are more difficult tocontrol than ordinary rigid structures. Based on spoke structural roof, this paper studiedits key problems of design theory and construction control.
Firstly, according to the topologic properties of spoke structures,Constraint Removal Method and Nodal Displacement Method are proposed forforce-finding analysis. These two methods can find the distribution of pre-stressof the spoke structures associated with general finite element software directly.They are the foundation of integrated analysis for spoke structures’ design andconstruction control.
Aimed at the application of Design and Tension in Fixed Length and SizeTechnology, a method to determine the length tolerance criteria of cables inspoke structures is obtained, which is based on first-order-second-momentreliability index. With respect to the sensitivity of pre-stress variation to cableslength error, the method divides spoke structures’ members into two categories:local sensitive members and global sensitive members, and give them differentlength tolerance criteria. The criteria are the construction and acceptancestandard of Bao’an Stadium.
The influence of construction environment temperature on initial pre-stressstate of spoke structure is studied. It is proved that the difference between themanufacturing temperature of compression ring and cables affects the initialpre-stress state mostly while the influence of installation temperature inconstruction site can be ignored. A method to evaluate the affection ofcompression ring’s configuration error and the phenomena that curtain wallsystem gets involved in the tension process is brought forward and used in theconstruction of Bao’an Stadium.
A method to estimate cable force based on static displacementmeasurement is proposed, which can be used in tension structures with singleself-stress mode. The disturbance of displacement measurement error to the veracity of cable force estimation result is researched. With the comparing ofseveral load-measurement schemes, it is summarized that the load scheme toimprove veracity of cable force estimation result is the load under which thestructural geometric stiffness takes primary effect. The method was carried outon a spoke structure and a cable dome respectively and proved to be available.The influence of finite element model’s configuration error and the method’sapplication on the multi-self-stress-mode structures is discussed.
According to Bao’an Stadium, an integrated model of spoke structural roofwith scale of1:10was built. Several tension schemes and cable-breakingexperiment were carried out on the model. The course of cable forces duringtension process and the requirement for capacity and amount of tensionequipment were compared with experiment data and numerical analysis.Optimal scheme was selected and used as reference for construction of Bao’anStadium. The experiment also proved that Design and Tension in Fixed Lengthand Size Technology is available.
引文
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