玉柴YC4W型柴油机与威乐底盘整车性能匹配分析
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摘要
本文针对玉柴YC4W75-30型柴油机与威乐1.3MT轿车底盘开展了整车性能匹配分析。首先利用整车性能仿真软件AVL-Cruise建立了威乐1.3MT轿车仿真模型,并对其动力性和燃油经济性的各项指标进行了模拟计算和分析。模拟结果表明,Cruise中建立的仿真模型具有较高的精确度。
基于原威乐1.3MT轿车整车模型,将模型中丰田8A型发动机性能参数修改为玉柴YC4W75-30型柴油机性能参数,进行YC4W75-30型柴油机与威乐1.3MT轿车底盘整车性能匹配分析,提出了三种底盘传动系优化方案,并通过Cruise模拟计算验证优化效果。
以整车经济性为主优化底盘后,整车三档80km/h等速百公里油耗降幅最大,降低了22.49%,NEDC循环工况百公里油耗降低了6.56%;以整车动力性为主优化底盘后,整车最大爬坡度增加了19.24%,直接档30-80km/h超车加速时间减小了25.3%;权衡整车动力性经济性优化底盘后,在保证整车动力性的前提下,最大限度的降低了汽车的使用油耗。
With the development of automobile industry and the consciousness of environmental protection becoming strengthened, higher demands are brought forward for automobile drive ability, economy and emission performance. In china, manufacturing is divided so detailed that engines and chassis are often made from different factories. So how to fulfill the best compatibility between engine and chassis to make the automobile own better drive ability, economical and emission performance become very important in the process of studying the match of the vehicle.
Driving performance and fuel economy not only depend on the engine performance, but also on the selection of transmission parameters and the power train matching. Engine and power train are two important elements, which are fetal to the normal running. The matching between them will directly affect the performance and fuel economy. The vehicle transmission parameters should be optimized to make the engine work almost in the low-fuel consumption region when it operates in the real driving modes. To improve the design quality and short the development period, the prospect about the dynamic and economic characteristics should made according to the reference parameters in the design stage, and the computer simulative computation supplies it with the effective and precise tools along with the wide use of computer and development of modern computation method.
There are two kinds of design on matching between engine and power train. One is that optimizing the engine if the power train is given in advance. According to the given task, the thesis analyzes the match performance between YC4W75-30 diesel engine and the car chassis of Vele1.3MT, optimizes the Vele chassis powertrain system, and improves the power and emission characteristics in a great deal. From the automobile theory, the extent of the power-transmission matched with the vehicle driving cycle has a major influence on the performance of the vehicle. So in order to simulate the performance of the vehicle, two problems must be resolved: the first question is the selection of the driving cycle, that is to say the driving cycles of the vehicle must like the vehicle’s real word driving condition; the second question is the simulation model of the vehicle should be approached to the real vehicle. The cycle operation used in the simulative computation is the New Europe Cycle
Operation, which is comprised of urban district and suburb operation cycles, and about 2/3 is the simulated town road conditions, the other 1/3 is the suburb highway condition. The test proved that the New Europe Cycle Operation could reflect the distribution of the engine operation points greatly in actual driving, which lays the base for improving the car performance further. To assure the great precision of the model, the software Cruise developed by AVL company for total car performance simulation is used for establishing the car physical model。The software Cruise for
基于原威乐1.3MT轿车整车模型,将模型中丰田8A型发动机性能参数修改为玉柴YC4W75-30型柴油机性能参数,进行YC4W75-30型柴油机与威乐1.3MT轿车底盘整车性能匹配分析,提出了三种底盘传动系优化方案,并通过Cruise模拟计算验证优化效果。
以整车经济性为主优化底盘后,整车三档80km/h等速百公里油耗降幅最大,降低了22.49%,NEDC循环工况百公里油耗降低了6.56%;以整车动力性为主优化底盘后,整车最大爬坡度增加了19.24%,直接档30-80km/h超车加速时间减小了25.3%;权衡整车动力性经济性优化底盘后,在保证整车动力性的前提下,最大限度的降低了汽车的使用油耗。
With the development of automobile industry and the consciousness of environmental protection becoming strengthened, higher demands are brought forward for automobile drive ability, economy and emission performance. In china, manufacturing is divided so detailed that engines and chassis are often made from different factories. So how to fulfill the best compatibility between engine and chassis to make the automobile own better drive ability, economical and emission performance become very important in the process of studying the match of the vehicle.
Driving performance and fuel economy not only depend on the engine performance, but also on the selection of transmission parameters and the power train matching. Engine and power train are two important elements, which are fetal to the normal running. The matching between them will directly affect the performance and fuel economy. The vehicle transmission parameters should be optimized to make the engine work almost in the low-fuel consumption region when it operates in the real driving modes. To improve the design quality and short the development period, the prospect about the dynamic and economic characteristics should made according to the reference parameters in the design stage, and the computer simulative computation supplies it with the effective and precise tools along with the wide use of computer and development of modern computation method.
There are two kinds of design on matching between engine and power train. One is that optimizing the engine if the power train is given in advance. According to the given task, the thesis analyzes the match performance between YC4W75-30 diesel engine and the car chassis of Vele1.3MT, optimizes the Vele chassis powertrain system, and improves the power and emission characteristics in a great deal. From the automobile theory, the extent of the power-transmission matched with the vehicle driving cycle has a major influence on the performance of the vehicle. So in order to simulate the performance of the vehicle, two problems must be resolved: the first question is the selection of the driving cycle, that is to say the driving cycles of the vehicle must like the vehicle’s real word driving condition; the second question is the simulation model of the vehicle should be approached to the real vehicle. The cycle operation used in the simulative computation is the New Europe Cycle
Operation, which is comprised of urban district and suburb operation cycles, and about 2/3 is the simulated town road conditions, the other 1/3 is the suburb highway condition. The test proved that the New Europe Cycle Operation could reflect the distribution of the engine operation points greatly in actual driving, which lays the base for improving the car performance further. To assure the great precision of the model, the software Cruise developed by AVL company for total car performance simulation is used for establishing the car physical model。The software Cruise for
引文
1. 中国柴油轿车发展建议书. 北京. 中国资源综合利用协会资源节约与代用专业委员汇编,2005,第一版,1~10
2. 荣瑞雪. 柴油轿车的开发与柴油燃料. 石油商技,2000,Vol.11,14~15
3. 杨连生. 内燃机性能及其与传动装置的优化匹配[M]. 北京:学术期刊出版社,1998,第一版,39~45
4. 何仁. 汽车动力燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1995,第二版,1~30
5. [苏]格里什凯维奇. 电子计算机在汽车设计与计算中的应用[M]. 人民交通出版社,1983,第二版,5~18
6. YC6112 发动机匹配东风 EQ4160G 牵引车的研究. 硕士论文,蒋东明,吉林大学,2005,2~4
7. SX1384BP366 载重车动力传动系统的优化匹配. 硕士论文,张廷,吉林大学,2005,1~3
8. 余志生. 汽车理论机械工业出版社,2000,第三版,1~70
9. 周龙保,刘巽俊,高宗英. 内燃机学. 机械工业出版社,1999,第一版,231~259
10. 刘永长. 内燃机原理[M]. 武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992,第一版,7~40
11. CA5183P1K2 解放厢式卡车经济性匹配. 硕士论文,刘鹏,吉林大学,2005,15~17
12. 奥地利 AVL 公司. AVL_Cruise USER GUIDE,2003.
13. AVL List Gm Bh. Austria,F. X. M oser,W.K rieg ler,A. Z rim,用仿真工具优化车辆传动系统(一、二)[M]. 传动技术,2002,第一版,1~16
14. GB 18352.3-2005,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法.
15. 陈家瑞. 汽车构造(下)[M]. 人民交通出版社,1995,第三版,2~34
16. 何峰,杨宁. 汽车动力学[M]. 贵州科技出版社,1997,第一版,1~26
17. 何仁,刘星荣. 汽车动力传动系统最优匹配的研究和发展[J]. 江苏理工大学学报,1997,Vol.18, No.1,37-41
18. R. H. Preprints Engine Transmission Matching,SAE1981
19. Nigel N. Clark,Mridul Gautam,et al. Creation and Evaluation of a Medium Heavy-Duty Truck Test Cycle,SAE2003-01-3284
20. 边耀章. 汽车节能与措施. 人民交通出版社,1984,第三版,1~30
21. 刘学琼. 增压柴油发动机与整车的匹配. 商用汽车,2002,第一期
22. J. Q. Hansen,M. Winther,S. C.Sorenson. The influence of driving patterns on petrol passenger car emissions,The Science of the Total Enviroment,1995
23. Jie Lin. Markov Process Approach to Driving cycle Development,PhD-thesis,University of California,2002
24. 吴逸民. 大型平板列车组牵引力、爬坡度计算及应用. 重型汽车,2005,13~15
25. 城市客车发动机设计匹配. 硕士论文,刘清泉,吉林大学,2005,1~8
26. 钱人一. 路波 3L 车的先进动力总成. 汽车与配件,2002,Vol.31,19~21
27. 武辉成. 中国轿车动力柴油化发展探讨. 汽车工业研究,2004,Vol.20,9~11
28. 王宗义. LJ6600 系列轻型客车的动力性分析. 客车技术与研究,1996,Vol.18, No.3,138~141
29. 丁能根,连小珉. 汽车传动参数的模糊优化设计. 西南交通大学学报,2001,Vol.37, No.11,123~126
30. 吴森,赵世科. 串联式混合动力电动汽车经济性研究. 武汉理工大学学报,2005,Vol.27, No.1,111~115
31. 张雪珠. B/F8L413FC 风冷柴油机在 T815-2 型汽车上的匹配研究. 汽车研究与开发,1996,第五期,38~41
32. 姜禾. 现代车用柴油机的发展. DaimlerChrysler,商用车公司,2003,第一版
33. 许洪国. 汽车运用工程基础[M]. 清华大学出版社,2003,第一版,2~50
34. 杜青,杨延相. 机动车排放测试循环特性分析及适用性评价[J]. 内燃机学报,2002,Vol.20, No.5,403~407
35. 刘军,苏清祖,何泽民. 基于运行循环的车辆污染控制技术与节能技术[M]. 农业机械学报,2002, Vol.33, No.4,22~24
36. Bata,R.et al. Heavy Duty Testing Cycles. Survey and Comparision,SAE942263
37. Andre,Michel,et al. Driving Cycles For Emission Measurements Under European Conditions,SAE950926
38. N.Dembski,Y.Guezennec,et al. Analysis and Expermental Refinement of Real-Word Driving Cycles,SAE2002-01-0069
39. Wolfgang Mayer,Jochen Wiedemann. Road load Determination Based on Driving-Torque-Measurement,SAE2003-01-0933
40. Hans Bruneel. Heavy Duty Testing Cycles Development:A New Methodology,SAE2000-01-1860
41. G.Regner,E,Loibner and J.Krammer. Analysis of Transient Drive Cycles using Cruise-Boost Co-Simulation Techniques,SAE2002
42. ECE-GRPE WHDC Working Group. Development of a Worldwide Harmonised Heavy-duty Engine Emissions Test Cycle , Final Report ,TRANS/WP29/GRPE/2001/2
43. Samhaber C,Wimmer A,Loibner E. Modeling of Engine Warm-Up with Integration of Vehicle and Engine Cycle Simulation,SAE2001-01-1697
44. Michal Vojtisek-Lom,Douglas C. Lambert et al. Real-word Emissions from 40 Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Recruited at Tulare,CA Rest Area,SAE2002-01-2901
45. 藤艳琼,巢凯年,张小龙. 汽车动力性试验数据处理[J]. 四川工业学院学报,2003,Vol.22, No.3,20~22
46. 何仁,王建峰. 汽车动力传动系统合理匹配的适用方法[J]. 中国公路学报,2001,Vol.13, No.1,100~104
47. 张孝祖. 1t 农用运输车发动机-传动系的合理匹配[J]. 江苏理工大学学报,1995,Vol.16, No.5,32~35
48. 何仁,商高高. 汽车动力传动系统参数的优化方法[J]. 江苏理工大学学报(自然科学报),2000,Vol.21, No.6,15~18
49. 刘惟信. 汽车车桥设计. 清华大学出版社,2004,第一版,2~50
50. 杨连生. 发动机与汽车的经济性匹配. 汽车工程,1987,第三版,56~80
51. 何仁. 汽车传动系最优评价指标的探讨[J]. 汽车工作,1996,第一版,1~16
52. 杨连生. 汽车的万有特性及其应用. 节能技术,1988,第三版,10~135
53. 王文阁. 改变传动系单一匹配提高整车燃油经济性[J]. 汽车技术,2000,Vol.11,4~7
54. 葛安林,林明芳,吴锦秋. 汽车动力传动系参数的最佳匹配[J]. 汽车工程,1991,Vol.16, No.3,14~18
55. 杜理平. 轿车动力系统匹配研究[J]. 浙江水利水电专科学校学报,2002,Vol.14,增刊,73~75
56. 刘振军,赵海峰,秦大同. 基于 CRUISE 的动力传动系统建模与仿真分析[J]. 重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,Vol.28, No.11,8~11
57. 王保华,罗永革. 基于 CRUISE 的汽车建模与仿真[J]. 湖北汽车工业学院学报,2005,Vol.19, No.2,5~8
2. 荣瑞雪. 柴油轿车的开发与柴油燃料. 石油商技,2000,Vol.11,14~15
3. 杨连生. 内燃机性能及其与传动装置的优化匹配[M]. 北京:学术期刊出版社,1998,第一版,39~45
4. 何仁. 汽车动力燃料经济性模拟计算方法及应用[M]. 北京:机械工业出版社,1995,第二版,1~30
5. [苏]格里什凯维奇. 电子计算机在汽车设计与计算中的应用[M]. 人民交通出版社,1983,第二版,5~18
6. YC6112 发动机匹配东风 EQ4160G 牵引车的研究. 硕士论文,蒋东明,吉林大学,2005,2~4
7. SX1384BP366 载重车动力传动系统的优化匹配. 硕士论文,张廷,吉林大学,2005,1~3
8. 余志生. 汽车理论机械工业出版社,2000,第三版,1~70
9. 周龙保,刘巽俊,高宗英. 内燃机学. 机械工业出版社,1999,第一版,231~259
10. 刘永长. 内燃机原理[M]. 武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1992,第一版,7~40
11. CA5183P1K2 解放厢式卡车经济性匹配. 硕士论文,刘鹏,吉林大学,2005,15~17
12. 奥地利 AVL 公司. AVL_Cruise USER GUIDE,2003.
13. AVL List Gm Bh. Austria,F. X. M oser,W.K rieg ler,A. Z rim,用仿真工具优化车辆传动系统(一、二)[M]. 传动技术,2002,第一版,1~16
14. GB 18352.3-2005,轻型汽车污染物排放限值及测量方法.
15. 陈家瑞. 汽车构造(下)[M]. 人民交通出版社,1995,第三版,2~34
16. 何峰,杨宁. 汽车动力学[M]. 贵州科技出版社,1997,第一版,1~26
17. 何仁,刘星荣. 汽车动力传动系统最优匹配的研究和发展[J]. 江苏理工大学学报,1997,Vol.18, No.1,37-41
18. R. H. Preprints Engine Transmission Matching,SAE1981
19. Nigel N. Clark,Mridul Gautam,et al. Creation and Evaluation of a Medium Heavy-Duty Truck Test Cycle,SAE2003-01-3284
20. 边耀章. 汽车节能与措施. 人民交通出版社,1984,第三版,1~30
21. 刘学琼. 增压柴油发动机与整车的匹配. 商用汽车,2002,第一期
22. J. Q. Hansen,M. Winther,S. C.Sorenson. The influence of driving patterns on petrol passenger car emissions,The Science of the Total Enviroment,1995
23. Jie Lin. Markov Process Approach to Driving cycle Development,PhD-thesis,University of California,2002
24. 吴逸民. 大型平板列车组牵引力、爬坡度计算及应用. 重型汽车,2005,13~15
25. 城市客车发动机设计匹配. 硕士论文,刘清泉,吉林大学,2005,1~8
26. 钱人一. 路波 3L 车的先进动力总成. 汽车与配件,2002,Vol.31,19~21
27. 武辉成. 中国轿车动力柴油化发展探讨. 汽车工业研究,2004,Vol.20,9~11
28. 王宗义. LJ6600 系列轻型客车的动力性分析. 客车技术与研究,1996,Vol.18, No.3,138~141
29. 丁能根,连小珉. 汽车传动参数的模糊优化设计. 西南交通大学学报,2001,Vol.37, No.11,123~126
30. 吴森,赵世科. 串联式混合动力电动汽车经济性研究. 武汉理工大学学报,2005,Vol.27, No.1,111~115
31. 张雪珠. B/F8L413FC 风冷柴油机在 T815-2 型汽车上的匹配研究. 汽车研究与开发,1996,第五期,38~41
32. 姜禾. 现代车用柴油机的发展. DaimlerChrysler,商用车公司,2003,第一版
33. 许洪国. 汽车运用工程基础[M]. 清华大学出版社,2003,第一版,2~50
34. 杜青,杨延相. 机动车排放测试循环特性分析及适用性评价[J]. 内燃机学报,2002,Vol.20, No.5,403~407
35. 刘军,苏清祖,何泽民. 基于运行循环的车辆污染控制技术与节能技术[M]. 农业机械学报,2002, Vol.33, No.4,22~24
36. Bata,R.et al. Heavy Duty Testing Cycles. Survey and Comparision,SAE942263
37. Andre,Michel,et al. Driving Cycles For Emission Measurements Under European Conditions,SAE950926
38. N.Dembski,Y.Guezennec,et al. Analysis and Expermental Refinement of Real-Word Driving Cycles,SAE2002-01-0069
39. Wolfgang Mayer,Jochen Wiedemann. Road load Determination Based on Driving-Torque-Measurement,SAE2003-01-0933
40. Hans Bruneel. Heavy Duty Testing Cycles Development:A New Methodology,SAE2000-01-1860
41. G.Regner,E,Loibner and J.Krammer. Analysis of Transient Drive Cycles using Cruise-Boost Co-Simulation Techniques,SAE2002
42. ECE-GRPE WHDC Working Group. Development of a Worldwide Harmonised Heavy-duty Engine Emissions Test Cycle , Final Report ,TRANS/WP29/GRPE/2001/2
43. Samhaber C,Wimmer A,Loibner E. Modeling of Engine Warm-Up with Integration of Vehicle and Engine Cycle Simulation,SAE2001-01-1697
44. Michal Vojtisek-Lom,Douglas C. Lambert et al. Real-word Emissions from 40 Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks Recruited at Tulare,CA Rest Area,SAE2002-01-2901
45. 藤艳琼,巢凯年,张小龙. 汽车动力性试验数据处理[J]. 四川工业学院学报,2003,Vol.22, No.3,20~22
46. 何仁,王建峰. 汽车动力传动系统合理匹配的适用方法[J]. 中国公路学报,2001,Vol.13, No.1,100~104
47. 张孝祖. 1t 农用运输车发动机-传动系的合理匹配[J]. 江苏理工大学学报,1995,Vol.16, No.5,32~35
48. 何仁,商高高. 汽车动力传动系统参数的优化方法[J]. 江苏理工大学学报(自然科学报),2000,Vol.21, No.6,15~18
49. 刘惟信. 汽车车桥设计. 清华大学出版社,2004,第一版,2~50
50. 杨连生. 发动机与汽车的经济性匹配. 汽车工程,1987,第三版,56~80
51. 何仁. 汽车传动系最优评价指标的探讨[J]. 汽车工作,1996,第一版,1~16
52. 杨连生. 汽车的万有特性及其应用. 节能技术,1988,第三版,10~135
53. 王文阁. 改变传动系单一匹配提高整车燃油经济性[J]. 汽车技术,2000,Vol.11,4~7
54. 葛安林,林明芳,吴锦秋. 汽车动力传动系参数的最佳匹配[J]. 汽车工程,1991,Vol.16, No.3,14~18
55. 杜理平. 轿车动力系统匹配研究[J]. 浙江水利水电专科学校学报,2002,Vol.14,增刊,73~75
56. 刘振军,赵海峰,秦大同. 基于 CRUISE 的动力传动系统建模与仿真分析[J]. 重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2005,Vol.28, No.11,8~11
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